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17.554 The Political Economy of Latin AmericaProfessor Chappell Lawson

PurposeThis course is designed for graduate students in political science. Although doctoral studentsspecializing in Latin America will presumably do outside reading, the class itself should besufficient to prepare students for field exams. In case of unusually high enrollment, preferencewill be given to doctoral students over other students, and to students at MIT over those at otheruniversities.

PrerequisitesThe course assumes some familiarity with the history and geography of Latin America, as wellas with comparative political science. For the uninitiated, useful sources on the region includeThe Cambridge History of Latin America, Thomas Skidmore and Peter Smith’s Modern LatinAmerica, Gary Wynia’s The Politics of Latin American Development, or John Sheahan’sPatterns of Development in Latin America. There are also a number of widely available readersfor those who feel the irrepressible urge to brush up on comparative politics.

Knowledge of Spanish or Portugese is not required for this course. All course readings are inEnglish, class discussions will be conducted in English, and papers should be written in English.However, non-native speakers who wish to read some of the course materials in their nativelanguage should see me during office hours, as many of the core readings are available intranslation or were originally written in other languages.

Course readingsWeekly required readings average 175 pages. These readings are designed to acquaint you withthe core paradigms in Latin American politics, as well as some of the most well known or welldone empirical studies. They obviously leave out a lot. For this reason, there is an extensive listof recommended readings each week, listed in order of relevance for the course. Keep in mind,though, that these recommended readings are intended for two categories of people: (1) thosewho plan to write a review essay that week, an option discussed below, and (2) the type of crazyoverachievers who think it is “fun” to run marathons. If you don’t fit into one of thesecategories, don’t fret about the recommended readings.

Most weeks are accompanied by a “literary overlay” of novels, essays, or films that treat themesraised by the required readings. These additional materials will not be discussed in classexplicitly and you should not worry about them in your papers. They are on the syllabus becausethey are classics, and those of you who plan to concentrate on the region will find them worth theinvestment. Others may just want to rent a movie or two in the course of the semester.Regardless, please remember that the purpose of these materials is to lighten your mood byoffering you a different perspective on the course themes, not to oppress you further.

Your course reader will have most of the required articles and book chapters. Required readingsalso include selections from books (listed below) which are not in the course reader. Those ofyou who plan to focus on the region will eventually want these books for you own library, so you

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should probably just grit your teeth and buy them. Those who are not planning to focus on LatinAmerica may prefer to but the first two and read the rest on reserve. In any case, they are listedin descending order of priority for the class, so you can decide for yourselves which you want topurchase.

• Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela's Economic Reforms(Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 1993).

• Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1988).

• Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in DevelopingCountries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989).

• Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).

• Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment:International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: PrincetonUniversity Press, c1992).

• Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, CapitalistDevelopment and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).

• Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation:Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins,1996).

Finally, as you will see, this syllabus contains several more weeks of reading than we actuallyhave. Weeks will be rotated in different semesters, depending on student interest.

Class presentations and summariesEach class will begin with a presentation discussing and critiquing the readings. You shouldchoose a week (or, in the case of enrollment under ten people, two weeks) for your presentation.Bear in mind that the goal of your presentation is to refresh people’s memories about thereadings, to highlight the key areas of disagreement in the readings, and to stimulate classdiscussion; you should not feel compelled to mechanically summarize every article.

Written requirementsYou have the option of writing one of the following: (1) five short papers OR (2) three shortpapers plus one review essay OR (3) one long research paper.

Short papers should be 1,000-1,500 words and should address some of the required readingsfrom the week in a coherent way. They should not be composites of separate critiques of thereadings. Rather, they should use the course readings to develop a broader argument about aparticular topic from that week – e.g., dependency theory, state formation, democratization in thesouthern cone, new social movements, etc.

Review essays should be 2,500-3,000 words and should cover the relevant required andrecommended readings for that week, as well as any other materials you deem appropriate. Theyshould summarize the main arguments from the materials you address in a way that culls fromthem a series of testable hypotheses -- along with the evidence for each. Keep in mind that these

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review essays are not “book reviews,” and they do not need to address each article or bookindividually. Rather, they should be abridged versions of the sort of literature review you woulddo for a dissertation.

Both short papers and review essays are due to my mailbox in the political science department by4 p.m. the day before class. I’d like to practice blind grading, so please don’t include a title pageor put your name in the footer. Also, at the risk of stifling self-expression and generallysounding like a pain, I ask that all essays and short papers be double-spaced and submitted inTimes font. (Otherwise I learn people’s fonts after the first paper, which defeats the purpose ofblind grading.)

Research papers should be approximately 6,000 words. They may be either: (1) a much moreextensive version of a review essay or (2) a presentation of original research related to the coursethemes. If you choose to write a research paper, you must meet with me to discuss your topic assoon as possible. You must then submit a one paragraph abstract within ten days of the firstclass, a reading list by the third class, a draft paper at least three weeks before grades are due,and the completed paper at least one week before grades are due. I strongly encourage those ofyou who wish to write a research paper to choose a topic related to your dissertation or someother larger project. Just make sure, though, that anything you submit for this class issubstantially different from work you have turned in or will turn in for other courses.

Total workloadCounting reading, preparation for class, presentations, and writing, students shouldexpect to spend approximately 12 hours per week on the course.

GradingHalf of your grade (50%) will be based on class participation, including your presentation(s).For grading purposes, each presentation will count as three class sessions – that is, about 10% ofyour overall grade. My somewhat odd habit is to record letter grades for each student after eachclass, so regular class participation is taken seriously. However, each student is entitled to oneunexcused absense or “uprepared” over the course of the semester (i.e., your grade for that willwill not be counted).

The other half of your grade will be based on your written work. Short papers will all countequally (10% each), and the review essay – if you select this option -- will count as two papers.If you are feeling wildly ambitious and want to write more than the requisite number of papers,the highest of your grades will be counted.

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Course Readings and Schedule

Week 1. The current Latin American contextREQUIRED:Howard Wiarda, “Historical Determinants of the Latin American State,” in Menno Vellinga, ed.,The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998), p. 27-49.

Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Developmentand Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 155-225.

The Economist, "Two cheers for democracy," Oct 26, 1996, p. 52.

Michael Shifter, "Tensions and trade-offs in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, April 1997,8 (2):114-28.

Ian Katz, "Will a new breed of strongman undermine Latin democracy?" Business Week, May18, 1998, p. 61.

The Economist, "Yes, we have no mananas," November 13, 1993, L5.

The Economist, "Commitment, competence and consensus," November 13, 1993, L12.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic andSocial Progress in Latin America: 1998-99 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p.11-23.

Albert Berry, "Introduction," in Albert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & incomedistribution in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 1-5.

John Williamson, "Democracy and the 'Washington Consensus,'" World Development, August1993, 21 (8):1329-36.

John Williamson, “Are the Latin American reforms sustainable?” and Berhard Fischer,"Comment" in Hermann Sautter and Rolf Schinke, eds., Stabilization and reforms in LatinAmerica: Where do we stand? (Madrid: Iberoamericana, 1996), p. 247-60.

RECOMMENDED:Jorge I. Dominguez, “Free politics and free markets in Latin America,” Journal of Democracy,October 1998, 9 (4):70-84.

Catherine M. Conahghan, “Polls, Political Discourse, and the Public Sphere: The Spin on Peru’sFuji-Golpe,” in Peter H. Smith, ed., Latin America in Comparative Perspective: NewApproaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995):227-55.

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D. J. Myers and R. E. O’Connor, “Support for Coups in Democratic Political Culture: AVenezuelan Exploration,” Comparative Politics, January 1998, 30 (2):193-208.

Jennifer McCoy, “Chávez and the End of ‘Partyarchy’ in Venezuela,” Journal of Democracy,July 1999, 10 (3): 64-77.

Steven Haber, "Assessing the Obstacles to Industrialization: The Mexican Economy, 1830-1940," Journal of Latin American Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):1-32.

Mario Vargas Llosa, “Forward” in Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolutionin the Third World (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. xi-xx.

Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, Shaping the political arena: critical junctures, the labormovement, and regime dynamics in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press,c1991).

Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, “Economic Reform and Cycles of State Intervention,” WorldDevelopment, 1993, 21 (8):1337-53.

Jorge Castaneda, Utopia Unarmed (New York: Knopf, 1993).

Gustavo Gorriti, “Comentary on Utopia Unarmed. Beyond the Epics of Failure: The Post-Utopian Left,” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1994, 36 (1):157-76.

Frederick C. Turner, “Reassessing Political Culture,” in Peter H. Smith, ed., Latin America inComparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder, CO: Westview,1995):195-224.

LITERARY OVERLAY:Isabel Allende, The House of the Spirits (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1985). [Or movie version.]

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Week 2. Dependency and development in Latin AmericaREQUIRED:Peter F. Klaren, “Lost Promise: Explaining Latin American Underdevelopment,” in Peter F.Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change in LatinAmerica (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986):3-33.

Andre Gunder Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment," in Peter F. Klaren and ThomasJ. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America (Boulder, CO:Westview, 1986):111-23.

Teodoro dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," The American Economic Review, May1970, 60 (2):231-6.

Peter Evans, “Multinationals, State-Owned Corporations, and the Transformation ofImperialism: A Brazilian Case Study, Economic Development and Cultural Change, October1977, 26 (1):43-64.

Gary Gereffi, “Drug Firms and Dependency in Mexico: The Case of the Steroid HormoneIndustry,” International Organization, Winter 1978, 32 (1):237-86.

RECOMMENDED:Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York:Harper & Row, 1989), p. xxi-xxviii, 3-26, 131-87.

J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, "Modernization and Dependency: AlternativePerspectives in the Study of Latin American Underdevelopment," Comparative Politics, July1978, 10 (4):535-52.

Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Falleto, Dependency and Development in Latin America(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979), p. vii-xxv, 149-216.

Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization inLatin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), 1-51.

Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization inLatin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), p. 90-109, 292-320 (contributions by Bradford and Villareal).

Gary Gereffi and Peter Evans, "Transnational Corporations, Dependent Development, and StatePolicy in the Semi-Periphery: A Comparison of Brazil and Mexico," Latin American ResearchReview, 1981, 16 (3):31-64.

Steven Haber, "Assessing the Obstacles to Industrialization: The Mexican Economy, 1830-1940," Journal of Latin American Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):1-32.

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J. MeyerStamer, "Path dependence in regional development: Persistence and change in threeindustrial clusters in Santa Catarina, Brazil, World Development, August 1998, 26 (8):1495-1511.

Albert O. Hirschmann, “The Rise and Decline of Development Economics,” in Essays inTrespassing: Economy to Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

Eliana Cardoso and Albert Fishlow, “Latin American Economic Development: 1950-80,”Journal of Latin American Studies, Supplementary issue, 1992 (24):197-218.

Albert O. Hirschmann, “The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in LatinAmerica,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1968, 82 (1):1-32.

Werner Baer, “Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin America: Experiences andInterpretations,” Latin American Research Review, Spring 1972, 7 (1):95-111.

Patricio Meller, ed., The Latin American Development Debate: Neostructuralism,Neomonetarism, and Adjustment Processes (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991), p. 9-40, 59-75(French-Davis and Munoz, Lustig, and Rojas).

Robert Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in DevelopmentStudies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).

LITERARY OVERLAY:Gabriel Garcia-Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude (New York: Harper & Row, 1970) ORAlejo Carpentier, Reasons of State (New York: Knopf, 1976).

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Week 3. Dependency and politics in Central AmericaREQUIRED:Howard Wiarda, "Social Change, Political Development, and the Latin American Tradition," inPeter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change inLatin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986).

Marc Lindenberg, “World Economic Cycles and Central American Political Instability,” WorldPolitics, April 1990, 42 (3):397-421.

Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp, “Reactionary Despotism in Central America,” in Journal of LatinAmerican Studies, 1983, 15 (2): 295-319.

Jeffrey M. Paige, "Coffee and Power in El Salvador," Latin American Research Review, 1993,28 (3):7-40.

John A. Booth, “The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in CentralAmerica,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (1):33-73.

RECOMMENDED:J. J. Johnson, Political Change in Latin America: The Emergence of the Middle Sectors(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1958), p. 1-14.

James M. Malloy, “Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America: The Modal Pattern,” inJames M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburg:University of Pittsburg Press, 1977), p. 3-19.

David G. Becker, “Development, democracy, and dependency in Latin America: ‘Bonanzadevelopment’ and the ‘new bourgeoisie’ in Postimperialism: international capitalism anddevelopment in the late twentieth century (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1987).

Michel S. Laguerre, The military and society in Haiti (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press,1993).

Carlos R. Miranda, The Stroessner Era: Authoritarian Rule in Paraguay (Boulder, CO:Westview, 1990).

John A. Booth, Costa Rica: Questing for Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998).

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Week 4. Dependency, development, and bureaucratic-authoritarianismREQUIRED:Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1981), p. 27-63.

Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale UniversityPress, 1968): 1-11, 78-92.

Guillermo A. O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in SouthAmerican Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1979),p. 51-120.

Alfred Stepan, “Political Leadership and Regime Breakdown: Brazil” in Juan Linz and AlfredStepan, eds., The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 1978):110-37.

Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1988), p. 13-29.

RECOMMENDED:David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, c1979), p. 19-32.

David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, c1979): 363-97.

Karen L. Remmer, "Neopatrimonialism: The Politics of Military Rule in Chile, 1973-87,"Comparative Politics, January 1989, 21 (2):149-70.

Karen L. Remmer and G. W. Merks, “Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism Revisited,” Latin AmericanResearch Review, 1982, 17 (2):3-36.

Robert R. Kaufman, “How societies change developmental models or keep them: reflections onthe Latin American experience in the 1930s and the postwar world ,” in Gary Gereffi and DonaldL. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).

Ronald H. McDonald and J. Mark Ruhl, Party politics and elections in Latin America(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989), p. 77-88, 125-45 (Colombia and Venezuela).

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979), rest of book.

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions fromAuthoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p.19-48 (Argentina), 72-94 (Brazil).

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David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, c1979), p. 99-163, 165-253 (contributions by Serra and Kaufman).

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions fromAuthoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: J. Hopkins, 1986), p. 49-71, 148-172, 196-220.

Youssef Cohen, Radicals, reformers, and reactionaries: the prisoner's dilemma and the collapseof democracy in Latin America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. 53-118.

David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, c1979), p. 61-97 (contribution by Hirschmann).

LITERARY OVERLAY:Manuel Puig, The Kiss of the Spider Woman (Oxford: Amber Lane Press, 1987) [Or movieversion]

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Week 5. The politics of economic reformREQUIRED:John Williamson, "Panel Discussion" in John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of PolicyReform (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994), p. 478-81.

Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, “Introduction” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R.Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, DistributiveConflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992), p. 3-37.

Peter Evans, “The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy, andStructural Change,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of EconomicAdjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, c1992), 182-3, 211-5.

Barbara Geddes, “The Politics of Economic Liberalization,” Latin American Research Review,1995, 30 (2):194-214.

Javier Corrales, “Do Economic Crises Contribute to Economic Reform? Argentina andVenezuela in the 1990s,” Political Science Quarterly, Winter 1997-8, 112 (4):617-44.

Joan Nelson, “Crisis Management, Economic Reform, and Costa Rican Democracy,” in BarbaraStallings and Robert Kaufman, eds., Debt and Democracy in Latin America (Boulder, CO:Westview, 1989), p. 143-61.

Juarez Brandão Lopes, "Obstacles to Economic Reform in Brazil," in Arend Lijphart and CarlosH. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 195-218.

Manuel Pastor, “Bolivia: Hyperinflation, Stabilization, and Beyond,” Journal of DevelopmentStudies, January 1991, 27 (2):211-33.

Ian Roxborough, "Inflation and social pacts in Brazil and Mexico," Journal of Latin AmericanStudies, October 1992, 24 (3):639-64.

RECOMMENDED:Catherine M. Conaghan, James M. Malloy, and Luis A. Abugattas, "Business and the 'Boys': ThePolitics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes," in Latin American Research Review, 1990, 25(2): 3-30.

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Economy of Elections in Latin America," American PoliticalScience Review, June 1993, 87 (2):393-407.

John Waterbury, “The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process,” inStephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment:Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, c1992): 270-315.

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Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, “The Political Economy of Inflation and Stabilizationin Middle-Income Countries,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics ofEconomic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992), 270-315.

Kurt Weyland, "Swallowing the Bitter Pill," in Comparative Political Studies, October 1998, 31(5):539-68 OR "The Political Fate of Market Reform in Latin America, Africa, and EasternEurope," International Studies Quarterly, 1998 (42):645-74.

Karen Remmer, "Democracy and Economic Crisis: The Latin American Experience," WorldPolitics, April 1990, 42 (3):315-35.

Hector Schamis, “Reconceptualizing Latin American Authoritarianism in the 1970s: FromBureaucratic Authoritarianism to Neoconservatism,” Comparative Politics, January 1991, 23 (2):201-16.

Fernando de Holanda Barbosa, "Economic Development: The Brazilian Experience," in AkioHosono and Neantro Saavedra-Rivano, eds., Development strategies in East Asia and LatinAmerica (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), p. 69-87.

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened (Washington, DC:Institute for International Economics, 1990): 7-20, 32-35. (remarks by Williamson and Meller).

Patricio Meller, ed., The Latin American Development Debate (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991):79-97, 129-62, 169-90.

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened (Washington, DC:Institute for International Economics, 1990): 353-419.

James L. Dietz, "Debt and Development: The Future of Latin America," in James L. Dietz andJames H. Street, eds., Latin America's Economic Development: Institutionalist and StructuralistPerspectives (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1987).

Carol Graham and Moises Naim, “The political economy of institutional reform in LatinAmerica,” in Nancy Birdsall, Carol Graham, and Richard H. Sabot, editors, Beyond tradeoffs:market reforms and equitable growth in Latin America (Washington, D.C.: Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank/Brookings Institution Press, 1998).

Barbara Stallings, “Structural adjustment in East Asia and Latin America: a selective literaturereview,” in Akio Hosono and Neantro Saavedra-Rivano, eds., Development strategies in EastAsia and Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).

Literary Overlay:Octavio Paz, “The Philanthropic Ogre,” Dissent, Winter 1979.

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Week 6. The political consequences of market-oriented reform in VenezuelaREQUIRED:Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic andSocial Progress in Latin America: 1997-98 Report (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1998), p. 31-82.

Brian Crisp, "Lessons from Economic Reform in the Venezuelan Democracy," LatinAmerican Research Review, 1998, 33 (1):7-42.

Carlos Gervasoni, "The Electoral Consequences of Market-Oriented Reform in Latin America,"TBA.

Andres Villarreal, "Public Opinion of the Economy and the President among Mexico CityResidents: The Salinas Sexenio," Latin American Research Review, 1999, 34 (2):132-51.

Peter H. Smith, "The Political Impact of Free Trade on Mexico," Journal of Inter-AmericanStudies and World Affairs, Spring 1992, 34 (1):1-25.

RECOMMENDED:Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela’s Economic Reforms(Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1993).

George Collier, “Structural adjustment and new regional movements: the Zapatista Rebellion inChiapas,” in Latin American Program, the Woodrow Wilson Center, Ethnic conflict andgovernance in comparative perspective (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1995).

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Impact of Economic Crisis in Latin America in the 1980s,"American Political Science Review, September 1991, 85 (3):777-800.

Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment:Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J. : PrincetonUniversity Press, c1992), p. 319-50.

Albert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & income distribution in Latin America (Boulder,CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 9-41, 43-78, 235-48 (contributions by Berry, Altimir, and Berry).

Bruce H. Kay, “’Fujipopulism’ and the Liberal State in Peru,” Journal of Interamerican Studiesand World Affairs, Winter 1996-97, 38 (4):55-98.

John Walton, “Debt, Protest, and the State in Latin America,” in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power andPopular Protest (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

Jorge Buendia, "Economic Reform, Public Opinion, and Presidential Approval in Mexico, 1988-93," Comparative Political Studies, 1996, 29 (5): 566-91.

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William C. Smith and Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, eds., Politics, social change, andeconomic restructuring in Latin America (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press; Boulder,CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997), chapter on Chiapas.

Nora Lustig, Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998), p. 61-95, 201-220.

Eduardo A. Gamarra, "Market-Oriented Reforms and Democracy in Latin America: Challengesof the 1990s," in William C. Smith, Carlos H. Acuna, Eduardo A. Gamarra, eds., Latin AmericanPolitical Economy in the Age of Neoliberal Reform: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectivesfor the 1990s (Miami: North-South Center, University of Miami, 1994), p. 1-16.

Comparative Political Studies, Special Issue on Public Support for Market Reforms in EmergingDemocracies, October 1996, 29 (5): 544-591.

Philip Oxhorn & Pamela K. Starr, Markets & democracy in Latin America: conflict orconvergence? (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999).

Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the market: political and economic reforms in EasternEurope and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).

James Petras with Todd Cavaluzzi, Morris Morley, and Steve Vieux, The left strikes back: classconflict in Latin America in the age of neoliberalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999), p. 1-57.

Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Special Double Issue on Povery andInequality in Latin America, Summer/Fall 1996, 38 (2/3).

LITERARY OVERLAY:None

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Week 7. Spectacular screw-ups: the Mexican peso crisisAndres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mxico’sRoad to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996), p. 3-15, 215-34.

Manuel Pastor and Carol Wise, “State Policy, Distribution, and Neoliberal Economic Reform inMexico,” Journal of Latin American Studies, May 1997 (29):419-56.

Peter Smith, "Political Dimensions of the Peso Crisis," in Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim,eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: CarnegieEndowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 31-54.

Denise Dresser, "Falling from the Tightrope: The Political Economy of the Mexican Crisis," inSebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-MarketCrash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 55-80.

Rogelio Ramirez de la O, "The Mexican Peso Crisis and Recession of 1994-95: PreventableThen, Avoidable in the Future," in Riordan Roett, ed., The Mexican Peso Crisis: InternationalPerspectives (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996), p. 11-33.

Sebastian Edwards, "The Mexican Peso Crisis: How Much Did We Know? When Did We KnowIt?" The World Economy, January 1998, 21 (1):1-26.

RECOMMENDED:Moises Naim, "Mexico's Larger Story," Foreign Policy, Summer 1995 (99): 112-30.

John Williamson, “Mexican Policy toward Foreign Borrowing” and “Comment” by Enrique G.Mendoza in Barry P. Bosworth, Susan M. Collins, and Nora Claudia Lustig, eds., ComingTogether: U.S.-Mexican Relations (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1997).

Jeffrey Frieden, "The Politics of Exchange Rates," in Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds.,Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowmentfor International Peace, 1997), p. 81-94.

Luis A. Riveros, "Chile's Structural Adjustment: Relevant Policy Lessons for Latin America," inAlbert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & income distribution in Latin America (Boulder,CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 111-36.

Ernest Bartell, "Perceptions by Business Leaders and the Transition to Democracy inChile," in E. Bartell and Leigh A. Payne, eds., Business and Democracy in Latin America(Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1995), p. 49-79.

Denise Dresser, "Neopopulist Solutions to Neoliberal Problems" (La Jolla: Center forU.S.-Mexican Studies, 1993).

Nora Lustig, Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998), p. 143-200.

16

Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-MarketCrash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 95-245.

Javier Santiso, "Wall Street and the Mexican Crisis: A Temporal Analysis of EmergingMarkets," International Political Science Review, January 1999, 20 (1):49-71.

Thomas Kessler, “Political Capital: Mexican Financial Policy under Salinas,” World Politics,1998, 51 (1):36-66.

Albert Fishlow, “A Tale of Two Presidents: The Political Economy of Crisis Management,” inAlfred Stepan, ed., Democratizing Brazil: Problems of Transition and Consolidation (Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1989).

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened(Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990), p. 54-84, 95-8 (remarksby Patricio Meller and comments by Vittorio Corbo).

LITERARY OVERLAY:Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mxico’sRoad to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996) [rest of book].

17

Week 8. Transitions from authoritarian rule in the Southern ConeREQUIRED:Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1988), p. 30-67.

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 147-87 (Argentina and Brazil).

Barbara Stallings, “Political Economy of Democratic Transition: Chile in the 1980s,” inBarbara Stallings and Robert Kaufman, eds., Debt and Democracy in Latin America(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989), p. 181-199.

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation: SouthernEurope, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1996), p. 151-165, 190-218.

Howard J. Wiarda, “The Dominican Republic: Mirror Legacies of Democracy andAuthoritarianism,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy inDeveloping Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 423-458.

Marta Lagos, "Public Opinion in New Democracies: Latin America's Smiling Mask," Journal ofDemocracy, July 1997, 8 (3):125-38.

RECOMMENDED:Eduardo Silva, "From Dictatorship to Democracy: The Business-State Nexus in Chile'sEconomic Transformation, 1975-94," Comparative Politics, April 1996, 28 (3):199-220.

Delia Boylan, "Taxation and Transition: The Politics of the 1990 Chilean Tax Reform," LatinAmerican Research Review, 1996, 31 (1):7-32.

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation: SouthernEurope, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1996), p. 166-189.

Larry Diamond and Juan Linz, “Introduction: Politics, Society and Democracy in LatinAmerica,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in DevelopingCountries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 1-58.

Carlos H. Waisman, “Argentina: Autarkic Industrialization and Illegitimacy,” in Larry Diamond,Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America(Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 59-109.

Charles Guy Gillespie and Luis Eduardo Gonzalez, “Uruguay: The Survival of Old andAutonomous Institutions,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset,

18

Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers,1989), p. 207-45.

Frances Hagopian, “Democracy by Undemocratic Means? Elites, Political Pacts, and RegimeTransition in Brazil,” Comparative Political Studies, July 1990, 23 (2):147-66.

John A. Booth and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Elections and Democracy in Central America(Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 25-44, 66-83, 244-85.

Stephen Haggard and Robert H. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transition(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).

Karen Remmer, "New Wine in Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy,"Comparative Politics, July 1991, 23 (4): 479-95.

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions fromAuthoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 3-18.

James M. Malloy and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Authoritarians and Democrats: RegimeTransition in Latin America (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1987), p. 3-12, 145-63(Ecuador).

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p.42-98, 118-146 (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay).

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation: SouthernEurope, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1996), p. 221-230.

LITERARY OVERLAY:Isabel Allende, Of Love and Shadows (New York: Random House, 1987). [Or movie version.]

19

Week 9. Civil-military relations: Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, etc.Samuel P. Huntington, “The Torturer Problem” in The Third Wave: Democratization in the LateTwentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 211-31.

Samuel P. Huntington, “The Praetorian Problem,” in The Third Wave: Democratization in theLate Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 231-53.

Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1988), p. 68-145.

Wendy Hunter, "Politicians against Soldiers: Contesting the Military in Postauthoritarian Brazil,"Comparative Politics, July 1995 (27):425-43.

Consuelo Cruz and Rut Diamint, "The New Military Autonomy in Latin America," Journal ofDemocracy, October 1998, 8 (4):115-27.

Deborah L. Norden, “Democracy and Military Control in Venezuela: From Subordination toInsurrection,” Latin American Research Review, 1998, 33 (2):143-63.

Larry Rohter, “Ecuador’s Coup Alerts Region to a Resurgent Military,” The New York Times,January 30, 2000.

RECOMMENDED:The New York Times, Editorial, “Ecuador’s Endangered Democracy,” January 25, 2000.

The New York Times, Larry Rohter, “Bitter Indians Let Ecuador Know Fight Isn’t Over,”January 27, 2000.

Juan Rial, "Armies and Civil Society in Latin America," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner,eds., Civil-Military Relations and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1996), p. 47-66.

Louis A. Goodman, "Military Roles Past and Present," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner,eds., Civil-Military Relations and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,1996), p. 30-43.

José Nun, “The Middle Class Military Coup Revisited,” in Abrahama Lowenthal and J. S. Fitch,Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1976): 59-95.

Juan E. Mendez, "Accountability for past abuses," Human Rights Quarterly, May 1997, 19(2):255-82.

Alain Rouquié, “Demilitarization and the Institutionalization of Military-Dominated Polities inLatin America,” in Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds.,Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives (Baltimore: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, 1986): 108-136.

20

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1996), p. 3-63, 135-158 (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti).

Lawrence Weschler, A Miracle, A Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers (Chicago:University of Chicago, 1990).

Abraham F. Lowenthal and J. S. Fitch, Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York:Holmes and Meier, 1986).

Michel S. Laguerre, The military and society in Haiti (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press,1993).

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1996), p. 3-63, 135-158 (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti).

LITERARY OVERLAY:The movie Z: A Political Tragedy in Greece.

21

Week 10. Limits of democratization: Brazil in comparative perspectiveREQUIRED:Terry Karl and Philippe C. Schmitter, "What Democracy is… and is Not," Journal of DemocracySummer 1991, 2 (3):75-86.

The Economist, "The vote, but not always much more: democracy in Latin America," October16, 1993, p. 48.

Roberto Aguiar, "The Cost of Election Campaigns in Brazil," in Herbert E. Alexander and ReiShiratori, Comparative Political Finance Among the Democracies (Boulder: Westview, 1994):77-84.

Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems inLatin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995): 354-98.

Guillermo O'Donnell, "On the state, democratization and some conceptual problems: a LatinAmerican view with glances at some postcommunist countries," World Development, August1993, 21 (8): 1355-1369.

Robert Gay, “Neighborhood Associations and Political Change in Rio de Janeiro,” LatinAmerican Research Review, 1990, 25 (1): 102-18.

Elizabeth Leeds, "Cocaine and Parallel Polities in the Brazilian Urban Periphery: Constraints onLocal-Level Democratization," Latin American Research Review, 1996, 31 (3):47-83.

James Holston, "The Misrule of Law: Land and Usurpation in Brazil," Comparative Studies inSociety and History, October 1991, 33 (4):695-725.

RECOMMENDED:Gary Hoskin and Gabriel Murillo-Castano, “Can Colombia Cope?” Journal of Democracy,January 1999, 10 (1):36-50.

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance:The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 3-41, 58-71 (Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru).

Frances Hagopian, “After Regime Change: Authoritarian Legacies, Political Representation, andthe Democratic Future of South America,” World Politics, April 1993, 45 (3):464-500.

Robert Fatton, Jr., "The Impairments of Democracy: Haiti in Comparative Perspective,"Comparative Politics, January 1999, 31 (2):209-30.

James Holston and Teresa P. R. Caldeira, “Democracy, Law, and Violence: The Disjunctions ofBrazilian Citizenship,” in Fault lines of democracy in post-transition Latin America, edited byFelipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press/University ofMiami; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998).

22

Scott Mainwaring, Guillermo O'Donnell, and Samuel Valenzuela, Issues in DemocraticConsolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective (SouthBend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992).

Kurt von Mettenheim and James Malloy, Deepening democracy in Latin America (Pittsburgh,PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, c1998).

Philip D. Oxhorn and Graciela Ducatenzeiler, What kind of democracy? What kind of market?Latin America in the age of neoliberalism (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UniversityPress, c1998).

Ben Ross Schneider, “Brazil under Collor: Anatomy of a Crisis,” World Policy Journal, Spring1991: 321-47.

LITERARY OVERLAY:The movie Central Station OR P. J. O'Rourke, Holidays in Hell (chapter on the Philippines).

23

Week 11. Reforming the state in Peru and elsewhereREQUIRED:Forrest D. Colburn, "Crime in Latin America," Dissent, Summer 1998, 45 (3): 27-30.

Lawrence Whitehead, “State Organization in Latin America since 1930,” in Leslie Bethell, ed.,The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume VI (New York: Cambridge University Press,1994): 3-95.

Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York:Harper & Row, 1989), p. 3-15, 33-57, 131-51, 244-55.

Philip Mauceri, “State Reform, Coalitions, and the Neoliberal ‘Autogolpe’ in Peru,” LatinAmerican Research Review, Winter 1995, 30 (1):7-37.

Barbara Geddes, “A Game Theoretic Model of Reform in Latin American Democracies,”American Political Science Review, June 1991, 85 (2):371-89.

RECOMMENDED:Barbara Geddes, "Building 'State' Autonomy in Brazil: 1930-64," Comparative Politics, January1990, 22 (2): 217-35.

Guillermo O’Donnell, “Delegative Democracy,” in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds.,The Global Resurgence of Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 94-108.

Kurt Weyland, “The Brazilian State in the New Democracy,” Journal of Interamerican Studiesand World-Affairs, Winter 1997-98, 39 (4):63-94.

Oscar Oszlak, “Historical Formation of the State in Latin America,” Latin American ResearchReview, 1981, 16 (2): 3-32.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Taxation,” Economic and Social Progress in LatinAmerica: 1998-99 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p. 179-202.

Ben Ross Schneider, “The Career Connection: A Comparative Analysis of BureaucraticPreferences and Insulation,” Comparative Politics, April 1993, 25 (3):331-50.

Richard M. Bird, "Tax Reform in Latin America: A Review of Some Recent Experiences," LatinAmerican Research Review, 1992 (27):7-37.

Peter H. Smith, “The rise and fall of the developmental state,” in Menno Vellinga, ed., TheChanging Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998), p. 51-74.

Jan Rus, "The 'Comunidad Revolucionaria Institucional,'" in Gilbert M. Joseph and DanielNugent, eds., Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule inModern Latin America (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), p. 265-300.

24

Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment:Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J. : PrincetonUniversity Press, c1992), p. 139-49, 163-72.

Marcelo Cavarozzi, "Beyond transitions to democracy in Latin America," Journal of LatinAmerican Studies, October 1992, 24 (3):665-84.

Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mexico’sRoad to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996), p. 83-110.

Kurt Weyland, "The Politics of Corruption in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, April1998, 9 (2):108-21.

Terry L. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press, 1997).

Silvia Colazingari and Susan Rose-Ackerman, "Corruption in paternalistic democracy: lessonsfrom Italy for Latin America," Political Science Quarterly, Fall 1998, 113 (3): 447-470.

Hugo Frohling, “Judicial Reform and Democratization in Latin America,” in Fault lines ofdemocracy in post-transition Latin America, edited by Felipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark (CoralGables, FL: North-South Center Press/University of Miami; Boulder, CO: Lynne RiennerPublishers, 1998).

Walter Little and Eduardo Posada Carbo, eds., Political corruption in Europe and Latin America(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996), p. 9-14, 195-295.

Stephen D. Morris, Corruption & politics in contemporary Mexico (Tuscaloosa: University ofAlabama Press, 1991), p. 21-82.

Peter H. Smith, “Drug Trafficking in Mexico,” and “Comment” by Maria Celia Toro, in Barry P.Bosworth, Susan M. Collins, and Nora Claudia Lustig, eds., Coming Together? Mexico-U.S.Relations (Washington, D.C.:Brookings, 1997).

LITERARY OVERLAY:Gabriel Garcia-Marquez, News of a Kidnapping (New York: Knopf/Random House, 1997).

25

Week 12. Ambiguous political transition in MexicoREQUIREDChappell Lawson, "Mexico's Unfinished Transition: Democratization and Authoritarian Enclavesin Mexico," Estudios Mexicanos/Mexican Studies, Summer 2000.

Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle forDemocracy in Mexico (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1997): 39-44, 55-66.

Enrique Krauze, Mexico: Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996 (NewYork: HarperPerennial, 1997): 549-557.

Juan Molinar Horcasitas, “Changing the Balance of Power in a Hegemonic Party System: TheCase of Mexico,” in Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in NewDemocracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, CO.: Westview, 1996): 137-59.

Denise Dresser, “Mexico: The Decline of Dominant Party Rule,” in Jorge I. Dominguez andAbraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: Mexico, Central America,and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 159-84.

Kevin Middlebrook, “Political Liberalization in an Authoritarian Regime,” in GuillermoO'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from AuthoritarianRule: Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986): 123-45.

Chappell Lawson, Mexico’s New Politics: The Elections of 1997,” Journal of Democracy,October 1997, 8 (4):13-27.

P.J. O'Rourke, "Of Lunch and War," Rolling Stone, November 3, 1994, p. 83-90.

RECOMMENDED:Wayne Cornelius, Todd Eisenstadt, and Jane Hinley, eds., Subnational Politics andDemocratization in Mexico (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD, 1999): 3-16,269-341.

Roderic Ai Camp, "The Political Technocrat in Mexico and the Survival of the Political System,"Latin Amercian Research Review, 1985, 20 (1):97-118.

Stephen D. Morris, "Political Reformism in Mexico: Past and Present," Latin American ResearchReview, 1993, 28 (2):191-205.

Wayne Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition: The Breakdown of a One-Party DominantRegime (La Jolla: University of California at San Diego, 1996).

Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle forDemocracy in Mexico (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1997), rest of book.

26

John Womack, Jr., “The Spoils of the Mexican Revolution,” Foreign Affairs, July 1970: 677-87.

27

Week 13 Parties and elections in Latin AmericaREQUIRED:Michael Coppedge, "Parties and society in Mexico and Venezuela: Why competition matters,"Comparative Politics, April 1993, 25 (3):253-271.

Robert H. Dix, "Democratization and the institutionalization of Latin American political parties,"Comparative Political Studies, January 1992, 24 (4):488-521.

Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems inLatin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), p. 1-34, 459-74.

Peter Siavelis and Arturo Valenzuela, "Electoral Engineering and Democratic Stability: TheLegacy of Authoritarian Rule in Chile," in Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds.,Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, CO:Westview, 1996), p. 77-100.

Gregory D. Schmidt, “Fujimori’s 1990 Upset Victory in Peru: Electoral Rules, Contingencies,and Adaptive Strategies,” Comparative Politics, April 1996, 28 (3):321-54.

Alan Angell, Maria D’Alva Kinzo, and Diego Urbaneja, “Latin America,” in David Butler andAustin Ranney, eds., Electioneering: A Comparative Study of Continuity and Change (Oxford:Clarendon press, 1992): 43-68.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic andSocial Progress in Latin America: 1997 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 120-1, 124-48.

RECOMMENDED:Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, “Conclusion: Presidentialism and the Party System,”in Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, eds., Presidentialism and Democracy in LatinAmerica (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997):394-437.

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Economy of Elections in Latin America," American PoliticalScience Review, June 1993, 87 (2):393-407.

John D. Martz, “Party Elites and Leadership in Colombia and Venezuela,” Journal of LatinAmerican Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):87-121.

Robert H. Dix, “Cleavage Structures and Party Systems in Latin America,” ComparativePolitics, October 1989, 22 (1):23-35.

Lawrence LeDuc, Richard G. Niemi, and Pippa Norris, eds., Comparing Democracies: Electionsand Voting in Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996), p. 13-48.

Barry Ames, "The Reverse Coattails Effect -- Local Party Organization in the 1989 BrazilianPresidential Election," American Political Science Review, March 1994, 88 (1):95-111.

28

Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems inLatin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), p. 37-71, 100-99, 298-22, 399-458.

Silvio Waisbord, "Secular Politics: The Modernization of Argentine Electioneering," in David L.Swanson and Paolo Mancini, eds., Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy (Westport, CT:Prager, 1996), p. 207-25.

Peter Siavelis, “Continuity and Change in the Chilean Party System: On the TransformationalEffects of Electoral Reform,” Comparative Political Studies, December 1997, 30 (6):651-74.

Cesar Cansino, "Party government in Latin America: theoretical guidelines for an empiricalanalysis," International Political Science Review, April 1995, 16 (2):169-182.

Chappell Lawson, "Why Cardenas Won," in Jorge I. Dominguez and Alejandro Poire, TowardMexico's Democratization: Parties, Elections, Campaigns, and Voters in Mexico (forthcoming).

John A. Booth and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Elections and Democracy in Central America(Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 45-65, 84-102.

Scott Mainwaring, “Politicians, Parties, and Electoral Systems: Brazil in ComparativePerspective,” Comparative Politics, October 1991, 24 (1):21-41.

John D. Martz, "Electoral campaigning and Latin American democratization: the Grancolombianexperience," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1990, 32 (1):17-43.

LITERARY OVERLAY:None

29

Week 14. Religion, political mobilization, and civil societyREQUIRED:Daniel Levine, "From Church and State to Religion and Politics and Back Again," World Affairs,Fall 1987, 150 (2):93-108.

Thomas C. Bruncan and W. E. Hewitt, "Patterns of Church Influence in Brazil's PoliticalTransition," Comparative Politics, October 1989, 22 (1):39-62.

Madeleine Adriance, "Base communities and rural mobilization in northern Brazil," Sociology ofReligion Summer 1994, 55 (2):163-188.

James C. Cavendish, "Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil andChile," Sociology of Religion, Summer, 1994, 55 (2):179-95.

Bryan T. Froehle, "Religious competition, community building, and democracy in LatinAmerica: grassroots religious organizations in Venezuela," Sociology of Religion, Summer 1994,55 (2):145-62.

Christian Smith, "The Spirit and Democracy: Base Communities, Protestantism, andDemocratization in Latin America," Sociology of Religion, Summer, 1994, 55 (2):119-43.

Edwin Eloy Aguilar, Jose Miguel Sandoval, Timothy J. Steigenga, and Kenneth Coleman,"Protestantism in El Salvador: Conventional Wisdom versus Survey Evidence," Latin AmericanResearch Review, 1993, 28 (2): 119-41.

Newton J. Gaskill, "Rethinking Protestantism and democratic consolidation in Latin America,"Sociology of Religion, Spring, 1997, 58 (1):69-91.

Jean-Pierre Bastian, "The Metamorphosis of Latin American Protestant Groups: ASociohistorical Perspective," Latin American Research Review, Spring, 1993, 28 (2):33-61.

Susan C. Stokes, “Politics and Latin America’s Urban Poor: Reflections from a LimaShantytown,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (2):75-99.

RECOMMENDED:Teresa Carrilo, "Women and Independent Unionism in the Garment Industry," in Joe Fowerakerand Ann L. Craig, eds., Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico (Boulder, CO:Lynne Riener, 1990), p. 213-33.

Scott Mainwaring, “Urban Popular Movements, Identity, and Democratization in Brazil,”Comparative Political Studies, July 1987, 20 (2):131-54.

30

Wayne A. Cornelius, “Urbanization and Political Demand-Making: Political Participation amongthe Migrant Poor in Latin American Cities,” American Political Science Review, September1974, 68 (3):1125-46.

Leilah Landin, "Nongovernmental Organizations in Latin America," World Development,Special Supplement, 1987 (15):29-37.

Joe Foweraker, "Social Movements and Citizenship Rights in Latin America," in MennoVellinga, ed., The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998),p. 271-97.

Arturo Escobar and Sonia E. Alvarez, eds., The Making of Social Movements in Latin America:Identity, Strategy, and Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992), p. 1-8, 317-29.

Joe Foweraker, Theorizing social movements (Boulder: Pluto Press, 1995), p. 24-114.

Leigh A. Payne, “Brazilian Business and the Democratic Transition: New Attitudes andInfluence,” in E. Bartell and Leigh A. Payne, eds., Business and Democracy in Latin America(Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1995), p. 217-56.

Ben Ross Schneider, “Organized Business Politics in Democratic Brazil,” Journal ofInteramerican Studies and World Affairs, Winter 1997-98, 39 (4):95-127.

Francisco Durand and Eduardo Silva, Organized business, economic change, and democracy inLatin America (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press, c1998).

June Nash, “Cultural Resistance and Class Consciousness in Bolivian Tin-MiningCommunities,” in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power and Popular Protest (Berekeley: Unversity ofCalifornia Press, 1989), p. 182-202.

Kevin J. Middlebrook, "Union Democratization in the Mexican Automobile Industry: AnAppraisal," Latin American Research Review, 1989, 24 (2):69-94.

Heather Williams, Planting trouble: the Barzon debtors' movement in Mexico (La Jolla: Centerfor U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, c1996).

Jane S. Jaquette, ed., The women's movement in Latin America: participation and democracy(Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).

Lynn Stephen, Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from Below (Austin:University of Texas Press, 1997), p. 1-26, 158-94, 243-60.

LITERARY OVERLAY:Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude OR The Other Mexico in The Labyrinth of Solitude andOther Writings (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1985).

31

Week 15. RevolutionREQUIREDPeter Winn, Ch. 13, “Making Revolution,” Americas: The Changing Face of LatinAmerica and the Caribbean (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), p. 492-549.

Margaret Cragan and Peter Smith, “The State of Revolution in the Americas,” in AlfredStepan, ed., The Americas: New Interpretative Essays (New York: Oxford UniversityPress), p. 79-102.

Leslie E. Anderson, The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant: Calculation andCommunity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994): xiii-61, 119-73.

RECOMMENDED:John A. Booth, “The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in CentralAmerica,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (1):33-73.

Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy (Durham:Duke University Press, 1998): 8-245.

Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, andMexico’s Road to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996): 37-82, 235-262.

Jan Rus, "The 'Comunidad Revolucionaria Institucional,'" in Gilbert M. Joseph and DanielNugent, eds., Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule inModern Latin America (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), p. 265-300.

George Collier, Basta: Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas (Oakland, CA:Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1994): 1-154.

Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America (New York:W.W. Norton, 1993).

32

Week 16. The mass media in Mexico and ArgentinaChappell Lawson, Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and Media Opening in Mexico(Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, 1999), p. 1-11, 99-332.

Sallie Frank, TBA.

Barbara Belejack, "Latin American journalists under the gun," (NACLA Report on theAmericas), July-August 1998, 32 (1): 6-10.

Joel Simon, "Hot on the money trail: Latin American journalists are flexing new muscle,exposing scandal, probing corruption, even toppling presidents," Columbia Journalism Review,January-February 1998, 36 (5): 50-55.

Silvio R. Waisbord, "Knocking on Newsroom Doors: The Press and Political Scandals inArgentina,” Political Communication, January 1994, 11 (1):19-33.

RECOMMENDED:Ilya Adler, "The Mexican Case: The Media in the 1988 Presidential Election," in Thomas E.Skidmore, ed., Television, politics, and the transition to democracy in Latin America(Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore, MD: Johns HopkinsUniversity Press, c1993).

C. P. Kottack, "Television's Impact on Values and Local Life in Brazil," Journal ofCommunication, Winter 1991, 41 (1):70-87.

Thomas E. Skidmore, ed., Television, politics, and the transition to democracy in Latin America(Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, c1993).

Jose Antonio Mayobre, "Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: The Case of Venezuela," inDavid L. Swanson and Paolo Mancini, eds., Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy (Westport,CT: Prager, 1996), p. 207-25.

Richard R. Cole, ed., Communication in Latin America: journalism, mass media, and society(Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996).

33

Week 17. The hemispheric contextREQUIRED:Cesar Gaviria, "The future of the hemisphere," Journal of Interamerican Studies and WorldAffairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):5-11.

Sidney Weintraub, “U.S.-Latin American Relations,” Journal of Interamerican Studies andWorld Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):59-69.

Ian Vasquez, "Washington's dubious crusade for hemispheric democracy," USA TodayMagazine, January 1995, 123(2596):54-58.

Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (OxfordUniversity Press, 1999), p. 235-291.

Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, "Human Rights Advocacy Networks in Latin America,"in Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks inInternational Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), p. 79-120.

Ron Pagnucco, “The Transnational Strategies of the Service for Peace and Justice in LatinAmerica,” in Jackie Smith, Charles Chatfield, and Ron Pagnucco, eds., Transnational SocialMovements and Global Politics (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997), p. 123-35.

Susan Kaufman Purcell, “The Changing Nature of U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Journal ofInteramerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):137-52.

David Scott Palmer, “Peru-Ecuador Border Conflict: Missed Opportunities, MisplacedNationalism, and Multilateral Peacekeeping,” in Journal of Interamerican Studies and WorldAffairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):109-50.

RECOMMENDED:Laurence Whitehead, "International Aspects of Democratization," in Guillermo O'Donnell,Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule:Comparative Perspectives (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 3-46.

Howard J. Wiarda, "Consensus found, consensus lost: disjunctures in US policy toward LatinAmerica at the turn of the century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring1997, 39 (1):13-31.

Abraham F. Lowenthal, Exporting democracy: the United States and Latin America (Baltimore,MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), p. 90-263.

Jonathan Hartlyn, Lars Schoultz, and Augusto Varas, The United States and Latin America in the1990s: Beyond the Cold War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1992).

Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (OxfordUniversity Press, 1999), p. 3-234.

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Howard J. Wiarda, Democracy and Its Discontents: Development, Interdependence, and U.S.Policy in Latin America (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, c1995).

Richard L. Millett, “The United States and Latin America’s Armed Forces: A TroubledRelationship,” in Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring, 1997, 39 (1):121-36.

Richard L. Millett, "Beyond sovereignty: international efforts to support Latin Americandemocracy," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Fall 1994, 36 (3):1-23.

Paul Buchanan, “U.S. Defense Policy for the Western Hemisphere,” Journal of InteramericanStudies and World Affairs, Spring, 1996, 38 (1):1-32.

Rodolfo de la Garza, “Chicanos and U.S. foreign policy: the future of Chicano-Mexicanrelations,” in Michael L. Krenn, ed., Race and U.S. Foreign Policy during the Cold War (NewYork: Garland, 1998).

Jorge I. Dominguez, International Security and Democracy: Latin America and the Caribbean inthe Post-Cold War Era (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, c1998).

Jeffrey Davidow, "U.S. foreign policy objectives in Latin America and the Caribbean," U.S.Department of State Dispatch, March-April 1997, 8 (3):29-34.

Stephen C. Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the AmericanCoup in Guatemala (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1984).

Nathaniel Davis, The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1985).

Franklin W. Knight, “The state of sovereignty and the sovereignty of states,” in Alfred Stepan,ed., Americas: new interpretive essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

LITERARY OVERLAY:Robert Stone, A Flag for Sunrise (New York: Ballantine Books, 1981) OR Octavio Paz,“Mexico and the United States,” The New Yorker, September 17, 1979.