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The Next Revolutionin Global Manufacturing

MSC.visualNastran enterprise

Virtual Manufacturing

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What is Virtual Manufacturing? 1

At the Core is Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis 2

The Return on Investment 3

Case Studies:

Virtual manufacturing significantly reduces fuel costs for Boeing 5

Virtual manufacturing optimizes roll forming process 7

Deep drawing simulation reveals manufacturing defect 8

Rubber boot redesign lessens repair costs 9

Side impact analysis of a car door reduces injuries 10

Connecting rod forging process developed virtually 11

Virtual prototyping improves buckle performance 12

Improved stent design saves lives 13

Why Virtual Manufacturing Now? 14

The Key is Domain Decomposition 15

The Advanced Technology of MSC.Software 16

TTable of Contentsable of Contents

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At the CorAt the Core is Nonlineare is Nonlinear Finite ElementFinite Element AnalysisAnalysis

FEA Analysis

Finite Element Analysis is a very powerful

engineering design tool that enables engineers

and designers to simulate structural behavior,

make design changes, and see the effects of

these changes.

The finite element method works by breaking

the geometry of a real object down into a large

number (1000's or 100,000's) of elements (e.g.

cubes). These elements form the mesh and the

connecting points are the nodes. The behavior of

each little element, which is regular in shape, is

readily predicted by set mathematical equations.

The summation of the individual element

behavior produces the expected behavior ofthe actual object.

The mesh contains the material and structural

properties that define how the part reacts to

certain load conditions. In essence, FEA is a

numerical method used to solve a variety of

engineering problems that involve stress analysis,

heat transfer, electromagnetism, and fluid flow.

FEA is in effect a computer simulation of the

whole process in which a physical prototype isbuilt and tested, and then rebuilt and retested

until an acceptable design is created.

Clearly, testing physical prototypes can be

costly and time consuming when compared

with running a computer simulation.

However, FEA is not meant to replace

prototype testing, merely to

complement it. Testing is a means

of validating the computer model.

In certain cases it is impossible to

accurately model a complex real

life situation. Thankfully, with the

constant improvements in today's

finite element software, such situations

are becoming more and more infrequent.

Nonlinear FEA Analysis

Nonlinear FEA uses an incremental solution

procedure to step through the analysis. In contrast

to linear FEA, where a solution is achieved in

one step, nonlinear FEA may require hundreds,

even thousands of steps. There are three major

types of nonlinearites:

Material - plasticity, creep, viscoelasticity

Geometric - large deformations, large

strains, snap-through buckling

Boundary - contact, friction, gaps,

follower force

A nonlinear analysis can include any combination

of these. In the case studies to follow, you will

encounter examples including all of thesesolution types.

FEA Applications

In theory, there are no limits to the types of

applications that FEA can be used for. FEA

was born and nurtured in the automotive and

aerospace industries but has since spread to

encompass all other sectors of industry, from

medical instruments and car design to plastic

mouldings and watch springs. If it can be designed,

it can be modeled using FEA technology.

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In this section, we present some of the costs

and benefits to consider when incorporating

virtual manufacturing into your product

lifecycle management.

Return

MSC.Software customers around the worldhave seen their profits rise and costs decrease

dramatically in just months. Our technology has

helped increase efficiency from small projects to

large and complex manufacturing processes.

Fewer prototypes

The more trials you can simulate in a virtual

environment, the less physical prototypes you

need to perfect your design. This means you

spend more time up front in engineering anddesign, and less resources running physical

trials. Virtual prototyping is cheaper than building

physical models and optimizing your design by

trial-and-error. It is not a complete replacement

for physical testing, but it can minimize the effort

and enable the resulting physical tests to be

more successful.

Less material waste

If you build fewer physical models, you waste

less material in the form of prototypes as well as

the tooling used to create them.

Reduced cost of tooling

Again, it follows that if you build fewer prototypes,

then you develop fewer tools, which are typically

very expensive. Furthermore, by modeling the

tools, you can reduce the tool wear, thus

increasing tool life.

Confidence in manufacturing process

Even if the tools are properly designed, the control

of the tools may affect the quality of the part

produced. Virtual manufacturing allows you

to simulate the part, the tools, and their control.

This simulation can let you optimize your tool

control before building prototypes, again letting

you "get it right the first time."

Improved quality

We have repeatedly seen our customers

improve their part quality by utilizing virtual

manufacturing techniques. There are numerous

examples throughout this paper, and almost all

of them result in a part with quality produced atlower cost than previously attained through

traditional prototyping techniques.

Reduced time to market

Time to market is becoming increasingly critical

in an age where information can be transmitted

and shared readily. Although virtual manufacturing

may translate into spending more resources in

the design and engineering phases, the resultingproduct will need much less rework downstream.

This saves enormously in unforeseen redesign

and reengineering efforts.

Lower overall manufacturing cost

The bottom line is that our customers have had

success incorporating virtual manufacturing

techniques into their processes, and none have

gone back to the traditional product design

cycle. We are confident that you will also sharein this success.

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Costs

4

Hardware

The good news is that entry costs to acquiring a

platform to run your simulations is continuously

decreasing. Desktop Workstations, readily available

from a number of vendors, now have plenty ofpower to drive these types of nonlinear analyses.

With MSC.Marc's Domain Decomposition

method (explained in more detail later on), more

power requirements simply translate into more

CPUs. For example, you can string four

Workstations together over a network and run

problems that are four times as large.

If having the hardware in-house is not practical,

you may consider running your simulation on

MSC.Software Simulation Center, whereMSC.Software hosts the software and hardware.

The only requirement is a client computer that can

connect over the Internet.

Software

When buying an MSC.Software product, you are

buying years of expertise and development from

engineers around the world. There is a cost

structure to fit any size budget, so you can

choose to license the software for any amount of

time, whether it is years or as short as a day.

The choice is yours.

Training

Most engineering groups will want to develop

their own in-house expertise. The MSC Institute

of Technology offers training courses that give

you the quickest path to get up to speed.

Training costs typically decrease over time asyour group gains in expertise.

Expertise

Certain, more difficult problems may require

outside expertise. The MSC.Software Consulting

Services delivers fast, accurate analyses, and

deep engineering insight.

As a part of MSC.Software, they can solve your

problems with the latest leading-edge software

and hardware tools months before they are

available to others. In addition, they can draw

upon the MSC.Software staff of developers,

application engineers, and world-renownedexperts to provide solutions that no one else

can. The costs associated with outside consulting

can vary considerably, and are dependent on

the difficulty of the problem encountered.

Support

Support costs can be in the form of additional

manuals, training materials, attending conferences,

etc. You will find it very beneficial to become a

part of the MSC.Software community and utilizemany of the support resources offered, and to

share experiences with other users. Much of

the support available, especially from the

MSC.Software web site, is free.

(www.mscsoftware.com)

Otto Fuchs Success

German forger Otto Fuchs discovered that the

use of state-of-the-art simulation software couldnot only reduce tool and die iterations, but literally

eliminate them. Using MSC.SuperForge, they

have reduced the number of new die iterations

from three to one for certain parts. This saves

precious resources and time on expensive

presses. In a recent Forging Magazine interview,

Otto Fuchs head of design, Jorg Ihne, explained:

"In three weeks we can do the simulation for

three different geometries of a complex part,

optimizing the final geometry. And by using thesame die design for production, development

time can be reduced by a factor of three times,

because the die doesn't have to be changed

three times and doesn't have to be setup on the

forging machine three times." *

*Forging Magazine; July/Aug. 2000, page 51

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Virtual manufacturing significantly reduces fuel costs for Boeing

Problem

During the metal-forming process of aircraft skin

panels, the work piece undergoes largedeformations and accumulates considerable

plastic strain. Upon release of the work piece, the

part recovers the elastic energy stored in it. This

causes the deformed part to deviate from the

desired shape. Historically, empirical methods

were used to determine this spring-back effect

after forming the panel. In the modern era, such

methods are impractical and cost prohibitive,

especially because of the large number of various

parts in a modern airplane. A new stretch form

block shape must be designed with the inherent

springback accounted for. Without optimized die

shapes, the quality of the part suffers, leading to

assembly problems that are compensated for by

trimming and shims to attain a proper fit. Such

difficulties can extend production schedules

unpredictably. The final installed aircraft skins

can become wavy, resulting in reduced fuel

economy over the life of the aircraft.

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Solution

By using the nonlinear finite element (FEA)

software, MSC.Marc, to simulate the metal-form-

ing process, the spring-back can be accurately

predicted before the real die is built. The materialoften used is aluminum, which is elastic-plastic

with large deformation in the plastic region.

There is material, geometric, and boundary

nonlinearity involved. The software must be able

to accurately predict this spring back effect. To

optimize the die shape, a trial-and-error procedure

is required. Instead of implementing the trial-and-

error procedure on the real model, FEA is used

to find the optimal die shape. Using MSC.Marc's

automated contact applied to 3-D bodies

required no exotic programming by the end user

to converge on a solution, making it a very

practical tool for this virtual manufacturing

simulation. Once a Stretch Form Block shape

was designed, a robotics model of the stretch

press was undertaken to determine the optimal

control of the sheet-forming process. Once the

robotics model was optimized in the virtual

environment, the data was sent to the controller

on the stretch press. Thus the operator, when

forming the part, directly used the FEA information.

By developing the tooling dies and the

manufacturing controls in a virtual manner, the

risk associated with part manufacture and

assembly was reduced.

Shimming was minimized and waviness was

reduced resulting in exceptional skin quality.

High quality skins allowed production

schedules to be met more easily, and the

resulting aircraft would see improved fuel

economy over its lifetime.

Return on investment

Correcting the stretch form block prior to its

fabrication, and optimizing the forming process

reduced approximately a third to half the total

manufacturing cost per part. As much as 100 lbs

of shims were eliminated from the cab section

and installation time was shortened several days.

Virtual Manufacturing saved

Boeing more than 2 million dollars

a year for the 737 program alone.

The improved skin quality after

final installation minimized waviness

and increased fuel economy of the

plane over its lifetime.

-Darrell Wade, Boeing

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VVirirtual manufacturing optimizes rtual manufacturing optimizes roll forming proll forming processocess

Problem

Cold formed roll profiles are important structural

elements in almost any area of engineering. This

includes automotive, and construction, where a

large variety of open or closed section barshaped profiles are used. In the continuous roll

forming process, flat sheet metal is formed by

driving pairs of contoured rolls into a finished

profile through several stages without any

intended reduction in sheet thickness. The final

profile shape can be influenced by longitudinal

strains causing sheet edge waviness and

bowing. Also, residual stresses in the profile

produce spring-back, and can deform the final

profile shape. In order to speed up tool design,

virtual manufacturing based techniques arerequired to aid in planning of the pass sequence

development, calculation of the spring-back

angle, and estimation of the strip edge elongation.

Solution

The planning for a new part begins with a definition

of the finished section, the design of the passsequences, and the sizing of the different rolls in

the CAD system. In this analysis, the CAD data

was fed into the MSC.Marc FEA solver, and the

simulation was run. The results were analyzed to

determine the deviations in shape and dimensions

of the finished section. The longitudinal strains of

the sheet edge revealed the quality of the roll

forming process. Some of the characteristics that

were checked included, dimensional tolerances,

angular tolerances, longitudinal bow, twist sheet

edge waviness, and profile end deformation.

After optimizing the manufacturing process in this

virtual environment, the manufacturer was able

to manufacture the tools and run a test in the

mill. This analysis avoids high costs derived from

improperly designed tools needing adjustment

and rework in the mill to fit a new profile.*

*Prof. Dr. Schmoeckel, -Ing. D.; Sitzmann, B. Institute for

Production Technology and Forming Machines TechnicalUniversity Darmstadt, Germany. Integration of the

FE-simulation in a planning for roll forming

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Deep drawing simulation rDeep drawing simulation reveals manufacturing defecteveals manufacturing defect

Solution

The edge wrinkles can be observed in the shadow

of the last image. This potentially costly mistakewas avoided prior to committing resources to

tooling. To achieve an accurate analysis,

MSC.Marc was able to simulate the contact and

friction between the sheet and die, and to calculate

the plastic deformation of the work piece. The

punch velocity and other parameters were

optimized to avoid tearing and to monitor the

final thickness distribution leading to a high

quality part. The virtual lighting capabilities of

MSC.Marc Mentat facilitated visualization of the

wrinkles while postprocessing the FEA results.

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Problem

Deep drawing is a process to manufacture high

quality stamped metal products. During the

process, an initially flat sheet is clamped

between the die and the blank holder after whicha punch moves down to deform the clamped

blank into the desired shape. The shape of the

part depends on the geometry of the tools, the

material behavior of the blank, and the process

parameters. FEA can provide detailed insight

into tool design and manufacturing parameters.

After simulating Deep Drawing of an s-shaped

rail, wrinkles were discovered along the edge.

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RubberRubber boot rboot redesign lessens redesign lessens repairepair costscosts

Solution

A stress analysis of the design was performed

using MSC.Marc to gain some understanding of

the mode of failure. After an accurate model of

the existing seal was created, changes were

made to the design in an effort to reduce the criticalstresses. A modified design resulted which was

then built and tested. The actual behavior of the

new seal agreed with the predicted behavior

and product cycle-life was increased to an

acceptable level.*

*Swanson, Douglas J. Gates Rubber Company. Design

and analysis of an elastomeric constant velocity joint seal

Problem

An existing constant velocity joint seal design

exhibited unsatisfactory life-cycle performance

when it was modified to a split seal configuration

for ease of installation. The purpose of the seal,which is used on front- and four-wheel drive

vehicles, is to keep grease in the joint and keep

dirt and moisture out. The original equipment

versions of the boot were one piece and were

installed over the CV joint at assembly. However,

when failure of a part occurs due to wear,

fatigue, or road hazards, it usually cannot be

replaced without first removing the entire CV

joint and associated axle. This results in a repair

bill that is 90% labor and 10% parts. By providing

a boot with a seam which could be mountedover an installed joint, the consumer would be

saved much of the installation costs. It was

expected that introducing a seam into the existing

boot design would lower the life expectancy of

the boot. The original replacement design had a

life expectancy of about 70,000 miles, and if a

life of 30% to 50% of this value could be

achieved with the split design, that would be

acceptable. The logic behind this was that while

the customer who used the split boot would

have to replace it more often, he could do so at

a much lower cost.

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Problem

In car accidents, side impacts result in numerous

injuries because the side structure of the car,

including the occupant compartment, is crushed.

During design, the strength of the door should bestressed for passenger safety. It is a common

belief that improvements in the strength of the

door itself is quite effective for passenger safety,

particularly in collisions from the oblique direction,

or with fixed objects. In this research, MSC.Marc

was used for static compression analysis and

dynamic impact analysis to understand the crash

worthiness of the door. Experiments were also

performed for comparison purposes. In addition,

the effectiveness of the door-beams, which were

installed within the doors, were analyzed.

Solution

The doors used for this experiment were the

front doors of four door sedans. The door panels,

hinges, locks, and other necessary mechanisms

were used, while the windows and door trims

were removed. Hinges and latches were

constrained. For static compression and dynamic

impact, the loading device was applied laterallyon the center of the door.

Experimental results of a door in the body show

different characteristics from the results of a door

alone, mainly because the door contacts with the

center pillar and side sill; therefore, the force on

the door is distributed rather than concentrated

on the latch.

However, the latch part still receives most of the

force. In fact, experimental results of the door

within the car body showed cracks in the latch

part, just like the results with the door alone. The

importance of the strength of the latch part shouldbe stressed for the strength of the door itself.

From the static compression analysis and

dynamic impact analysis of a door, as well as

the experiments, it was found that the strength

of the door hinge and door latch strongly affected

the crush resistance of a door itself. In the

experiments, it was found that once crack

propagation occurred in the latch, the force

drastically decreased. It was also necessary to

consider reinforcing the latch even when a doorhas a door-beam. It was also found that by

attaching a door-beam, absorption of the

deformation energy increased and deformation

of the door decreased upon impact.*

* Mizuno, K.; Toyofuku, Y.; Irie, H.; Tateishi, M.; Maeda, K.

Analysis of impacted car door

Side impact analysis of a carSide impact analysis of a car doordoor rreduces injurieseduces injuries

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Connecting rConnecting rod forging prod forging process developed virocess developed virtuallytually

Problem

In the field of hot forging technology, developments

of new forming processes are difficult due to the

large number of parameters constituting the

process. In developing a process, the designengineer has to consider both the technical and

economical limits in order to obtain competitive

forgings. Forming a connecting rod requires

several single forming processes resulting in a

precision forming operation. During this multi-step

process, there is the risk of gap formation. Gaps

contain the danger of material flowing into them

making the forging useless. The timing of the

tool and the force closing the gap influences its

formation. If the force is too low, the gap can

open again during the forming operation. Otherprocess goals include reducing the number of

forging steps, minimizing tool abrasion, reducing

the contribution of flash material, and ensuring

the stability of the forming process with a

minimum of rejects.

Solution

Experimental testing is one method of forging

process development, but usually requires muchtime and money, especially during development

of new processes. Time and costs of developing

the forging process for the connecting rod was

reduced with the help of the forging simulation

packages, MSC.SuperForge and

MSC.SuperForm. These codes made it possible

to vary many process parameters in a "virtual"

way. The result was new process knowledge,

which never would appear in such evident form

during physical

testing. These virtual tools allowed tuning of the

forging process to avoid potential trouble areas,

like gap formation, before the manufacturing of

the tools took place.*

*Altmann, Hans Christoph. Institute for Integrated

Production Ltd, Hanover, Germany; Slagter, Wim J.

MSC.Software (E.D.C.) B.V., Gouda, The Netherlands.

Quality of simulation packages for flashless hot forging

operations

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Problem

In designing a snap buckle, several objectives

must be addressed including load required to

open and close, fatigue life of the clasp, acoustic

profile, weight, and cost. For this design, the

fatigue life was a critical component to providemaximum customer satisfaction. In many

consumer products, the prevention of failure is

important to minimize warranty costs. By adjusting

the geometry in the design phase, one can

insure that the product is both reliable and has

the correct feel to the user.

Solution

The snap buckle was designed in MSC.Patran,and analyzed using MSC.Marc. The analysis

included large deflection with sliding contact plus

friction, which MSC.Marc can easily handle with

its automatic load stepping algorithm and ease

of defining the contact bodies. The product's

performance was measured by monitoring the

maximum strains in the plastic, the insertion

force required, as well as other variables, all

within the virtual environment. These results

used in conjunction with MSC.Fatigue may be

used to predict the product life cycle. This virtualprototyping application demonstrates how a

consumer product can be optimized and tested

before being manufactured and subjected to

physical testing.

VVirirtual prtual prototyping imprototyping improves buckle performanceoves buckle performance

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ImprImproved stent design saves livesoved stent design saves lives

Problem

A stent is a cylindrical device used in arteries

and veins to maintain patency of the vessel for

acceptable levels of blood flow to specific

organs. Their widespread use in cardiovascularsurgical procedures is hindered by 20%-30%

failure rates within the first year. Stent design

profoundly influences the post-procedural

hemodynamic and solid mechanical environment

of the stented artery by introducing non-physiologic

flow patterns and elevated vessel strain. This

alteration in the mechanical environment is

known to be an important factor in the long-term

performance of stented vessels. Because of

their critical function, it is vital that the stent

design be thoroughly validated by methods

such as FEA. Finite element modeling highlights

any design or process problems well in advance.

Solution

The finite element models used in this study

relied upon simple linear elastic, isotropic beam

and shell elements. Researchers at Wake Forest

University School of Medicine are designing

stents using MSC.Patran for the pre-and post

processing. MSC.Marc Mentat can also be used.

MSC.Marc is used as the analysis code because

of its capability of handling nonlinear and large

deformation material behavior.

Clinical evidence showed an abrupt compliance

mismatch existing at the junction between thestent ends and the host arterial wall disturbing

both the vascular hemodynamics and the natural

wall stress distribution. These alterations caused

by the stent were greatly reduced by smoothing

the compliance mismatch between the stent and

the host vessel. MSC.Patran was used to

evaluate the solid mechanical stress created by

existing commercially available stents. It was

found that stresses were five to ten times

greater than the arterial wall stress under normal

physiologic pressure. A compliance matchingstent (CMS) was created using these findings

and was manufactured and tested. Preliminary

results show the CMS is effective in reducing the

unwanted tissue growth associated with the

failure of conventional stents. It is expected that

these results will lead to improved stent designs

that will ultimately improve the quality of life for

patients receiving them.*

* Berry, Joel. Wake Forest University. Finite element

analysis is used to design cardiovascular stents

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WhyWhy VVirirtual Manufacturing Now?tual Manufacturing Now?

Why virtual manufacturing now? Perhaps the

best answer to this question is that the very

nature of simulation is the search for more

information. Every simulation acts as the

vantage point from which one can better view

the possibilities and then ask the next question.That question generally requires a finer simulation,

or more of them, and as soon as that is available,

someone will ask for the "optimum" solution.

The primary limitation today in reaching this

optimum solution is problem size. The needs of

companies for faster solutions, for better and

better simulations, for more refined and accurate

simulations, and now for virtual manufacturing

simulations leads to the unquenchable demand

for more computational power. The computer

industry is delivering on that demand.

Computer Industry Maturing

In the past, simulations such as these were

limited to the largest of companies possessing

the largest of computers. That is no longer the

case. Today, all of our analysis and graphical

products operate on workstations that are readily

available from a number of manufacturers runningany of the popular operating systems.

Increasingly, the single most important factor in

determining which computer you choose is

simply "How fast do you want your answers?"

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing involves combining the

resources of many CPU's or entire machines

and applying them to the solution of a single

virtual manufacturing simulation.

The appeal of parallel processing is that it offers

a means of simultaneously capitalizing on the

growth of chip performance and the potential

performance benefits of multiple chips.

At the moment, there are two fundamental

problems associated with parallel processing: the

first is that most existing algorithms can derive

only limited benefits from the use of multipleCPUs; the second is Amdahl's Law, which

loosely states that you can't parallelize aportion

of an algorithm and make a significant impact on

the total clock time.

The solution to these two problems is to

redesign the algorithm to provide scalable

performance across multiple CPUs forall

aspects of the problem. At MSC.Marc, we saw

the coming requirement for such a capability

years ago when we started the parallel processingproject. It has been a long road with occasional

dead ends, but we are very pleased with the

results of the research.

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MSC.Marc DDM Software

Pioneered by MSC.Marc, the Domain

Decomposition Method or DDM, involves

dividing up the virtual manufacturing simulation

into pieces, and feeding each piece separatelyto its own CPU. As the simulation progresses,

some steps of the simulation allow all the CPUs

to work by themselves. In other steps, all of the

CPUs have to come to an agreement about

results before continuing. This inter-domain

communication between CPUs is done with

message-passing interface or MPI.

The challenge was to provide scalability for the

broadest possible range of nonlinear simulations

for a sizable number of CPUs. The result is ourimplementation of Domain Decomposition. This

was a substantial challenge but now we are able

to provide scalable performance for virtually all

of the linear and nonlinear analysis capabilities

of MSC.Marc as well as our Vertical products.

This includes capabilities such as large deformation,

plasticity, viscoplastic effects, thermal effects,

and automated 3-D contact.

In designing this system, we had to allowfor many different architectures vying for

ascendancy, with differences in the number of

processors, the allocation of memory, software

infrastructure, types of processors, and the

methods of communication.

From the hardware point of view, the objective

was to provide as much parallelism as possible

and to do so while minimizing inter-domain

communications.

From the software point of view, the objectives

were to provide an analysis product that was

fully integrated with our GUI including model

definition, analysis and results viewing with

robustness similar to that of a single processor

version, and which required minimal additional

user experience.

Overall, the objective was to permit the user

to define the model without worrying about

parallel considerations.

The concept of Domain Decomposition is

straightforward. There is a mapping between the

finite element model and the hardware. Each

domain is handled by an individual CPU while

the interaction between domains is handled

using message passing between processors.

The Key is Domain DecompositionThe Key is Domain Decomposition

Analysis using 4 CPUs

15

MPI MPI MPI

The simulation is defined and the

analysis is ready to begin. The user isasked one additional question: How

many CPUs are to be involved in the

calculation? The GUI will then subdivide

the model into as many domains as

there are CPUs, either interactively or

automatically. Then the analysis is

submitted and monitored automatically.

When done, the user can view the

results in any domain or the entire

model graphically.

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MSC.Software offers a variety of products and

services to help you build your Virtual

Manufacturing facility. From advanced FEA tools,

to experts and consultants, a total solution,

enabling you to get started today leveraging the

latest in virtual manufacturing technology.

MSC.Marc and MSC.Marc Mentat

MSC.Marc allows the user to perform a wide

variety of structural, fluid, and coupled analyses

using the finite element method. These procedures

provide solutions for simple to complex linear

and nonlinear engineering problems. Analysts

can graphically access all features via MSC.Marc

Mentat or the MSC.Patran interfaces. Also

included in MSC.Marc is the parallel processingof large problems using Domain Decomposition.

MSC.SuperForm

MSC.SuperForm provides solutions to

manufacturing problems including Hot and

Cold (Open or Closed) Forging, Extrusion, Axial

and Ring Rolling, Blanking, Cogging, Clading,

Thick Sheet Bending, and Cutting. MSC.SuperForm

uses the finite element method with a wealth ofmaterial and process models to support your tool

design requirements.

MSC.Nastran

MSC.Nastran is the premier computer aided

engineering (CAE) tool that major manufacturers

worldwide rely on for their critical engineering

computing needs to produce safe, reliable, faster

and optimized designs.

MSC.Dytran

MSC.Dytran is an advanced finite element

program capable of simulating many common

forming processes, including the forming of

complex sheet metal parts such as automobile

hoods, fenders, and side panels, as well as

forming of household and industrial containers

like plastic bottles.

MSC.Patran

MSC.Patran provides a complete software

environment for companies performing simulation

of mechanical products. MSC.Patran enables the

user to conceptualize, develop and test a productusing computer-based simulation prior to making

manufacturing and material commitments. Major

manufacturers around the world use MSC.Patran

as the basis for their product improvement

process, reducing or eliminating costly physical

prototyping and testing.

MSC.SuperForge

MSC.SuperForge provides a fast and easy to use

tool for forging engineers to analyze industrial

forging processes. Using MSC.SuperForge in

every day forging practice allows for the reduction

of shop floor trials by optimizing the forging

process, using more economical and faster

computer simulations. As a result, product

development time is shortened and product

quality is increased.

Backed by MSC.Software

MSC.Software is the established information

technology software and services provider

helping companies worldwide develop better

products faster. MSC.Softwares software and

services are used to enhance and automate the

product design and manufacturing process. The

ability to model and test software prototypes has

cost effectively enabled manufacturers to design

and build everything from sophisticated aircraft

and automobiles to electronic products.

MSC.Software markets products and services

internationally to aerospace, automotive, biomedical,

construction, consumer products, electronics,

energy, manufacturing industries and universities.

For additional information about MSC.Software,

please visit us at www.mscsoftware.com.

TheThe AdvancedAdvanced TTechnology of MSC.Softwarechnology of MSC.Softwaree

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MSC.Software provides the industry's most

comprehensive support system with over 50 offices

worldwide to provide local and centralized support.

Investing in MSC.Software gives you access to

extensive client support through comprehensive

documentation, direct technical expertise, and

customized training classes.

To find your local MSC.Software office orto learn more about our company and ourproducts, please contact:

Corporate:

MSC.Software Corporation

2 MacArthur Place

Santa Ana, California 92707 USA

+1 714 540.8900

Fax: +1 714 784.4056

Information Center:1 800 642.7437 ext. 2500 (U.S. only)

1 978 453.5310 ext. 2500 (International)

Worldwide Web - www.mscsoftware.com

On-line Purchases - www.engineering-e.com

On-line Simulation - www.simulationcenter.com

Europe:

MSC.Software GmbH

Am Moosfeld 13

81829 Munich, Germany+49 89 43 19 87 0

Fax: +49 89 43 61 71 6

Asia-Pacific:

MSC Japan Ltd.

Entsuji-Gadelius Bldg.

2-39, Akasaka 5-chome

Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan

+81 3 3505 0266

Fax: +81 3 3505 0914

MSC, Marc and Patran are registered trademarks of MSC.Software Corporation. Nastran is a

registered trademark of NASA.MSC.Nastran, MSC.Patran, MSC.Dytran, MSC.Marc

Mentat, MSC.SuperForm, MSC.SuperForge, MSC.Fatigue, are trademarks of MSC.Software

Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their registered owners. All specifications

are subject to change without notice.

2001 MSC.Software Corporation