PG PG DiwakarDiwakarNational Remote Sensing CentreNational Remote Sensing Centre

Indian Space Research Indian Space Research OrganisationOrganisationIndiaIndia

pgdiwakar@nrsc.gov.inpgdiwakar@nrsc.gov.in

26 26 –– 28 November, 201328 November, 2013

17th Session of the Intergovernmental Consultative

Committee (ICC)

HUMAN RESOURCESEXPERTISE

16500 strong

INFRASTRUCTUREEnd- to- end capability

SPACE ASSETS

STATE OF THE ARTTECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRY

APPLICATIONSLEADERSHIP

Remote sensing &Telecom satellite

Constellations

INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

LARGE USER BASE

SPACE COMMERCE

LAUNCHER

IRS

INSAT

, we must be second to none in the applications of advanced technologies to the real

problems of man and society.

VIKRAM A. SARABHAI

INDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR

Prime Minister

Department of Space

Space Commission

ISRO

ANTRIX

HQISRO

Council

• Initiated in 1960’s (1962 – INCOSPAR; 1969 – ISRO; 1972 ‐ Space Commission  & 

DOS)

• 3 National committees coordinate 

space system establishment and 

applications:

• INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC)

• Planning Committee on National 

Natural Resources Management 

System  (PC‐NNRMS) 

• Advisory Committee for Space Sciences 

(ADCOS)

• The DOS Secretariat and ISRO 

Headquarters (with programme offices) 

at Bangalore. 

The Organisation

• Cent./ State Govt.• Researcher/

Academia• Private/ Industry• International

• Natural Resources• Cartography• Disaster support • Environmental

monitoring• Ocean &

Atmospheric studies

Satellites, Sensors,

Techniques

Earth Observation System: Components

Ground SegmentsEO Applications

• MoES MoEF• MoA MoWR• MRD DST

• Standard Products• Value added

products• Data Archival

• Spacecraft Control• Payload Programming• Data Acquisition

• DIP, GIS, GPS, DSS, Photogrammetry,

• Model Outputs• Multi-sensor Products• Visualisation

…in sync with country’s priorities…

EO Data Products Enabling Techniques

Institutionalization

Users

2003RESOURCESAT-1LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS

2007 CARTOSAT-2

PAN

2005CARTOSAT-1

Stereo PAN, F/A

2002KALPANA-1

VHRR

2003INSAT- 3AVHRR, CCD

Land

& W

ater

Cartography

Ocean & Atmosphere 2009OCEANSAT-2 OCM , SCATROSA

2011RESOURCESAT-2LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS

2011Megha-TropiquesMADRAS, SAPHIR

SCaRaB

2012RISAT-1C-SAR

2009RISAT-2X-SAR

Indian Earth Observation Satellites

• One of the largest constellations 

• Provides remote 

sensing data in a 

variety of spatial, 

spectral and temporal 

resolutions

• Both Optical and Microwave 

2013SARALAlLTIKA, ARGOS

2013INSAT- 3DImgr, Sounder

Cartosat-2 launched 2007

•Swath (km) : 10

•Panchromatic

•Spatial Res : 0 .8m

Cartosat -1 and 2 Cartosat-1 launched 2005

• 2.5 m resolution, 30 km Swath

• Stereo mission; +26° / -5°forward/ Aft view

• Revisit : 5 days

• Along Track Stereo viewing

Cartosat-2 Data Products - Handling of unique imaging modes

o paint brush o multi-view in step and stare o spot scenes

Resourcesat-2

• LISS‐4 Mx camera: 5.8m Resolution and 70 Km swath• LISS‐3: 23.5m Resolution and 141 Km Swath• AWiFS: 56m Resolution and  740km Swath• Repetitivity: 5 days (AWiFS)  to 24 days (LISS 3) & • Revisit:  5 days (LISS 4) with tilting 26 deg tilt

Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-4)

Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-3)

Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS)

SENSORS SPECTRAL BANDS

Ground Resolution  (meters)

Swath (km)

Radiometric Resolution  

(bits)

Repetivity(days)

LISS‐III B2 B3 B4 B5

23.5 141 10 24

LISS‐IV Mono B2 or B3 or B4

5.8 70 10 24

LISS‐IV MX B2 B3 B4 5.8 23.5 or 70

10 24

AWiFS B2 B3 B4 B5

56 740 12 5

Oceansat-2A  global mission,  providing  continuity  of  Ocean  Colour data  and Wind  Vector  in  addition 

characterization of lower atmosphere and ionosphere from ROSA payload.

Global data acquisition of Ocean colour

•High Resolution Data ‐ NRSC and INCOIS•1km resolution global products through NRSC Website

•Global Chlorophyll, Aerosol Optical Depth through NRSC Website

•OCM data are being downloaded from NRSC Website

Scatterometer Wind Products

•Reception Station at Svalbard•Real time transfer and processing

•Uploading to Web within 3 hrs  through EUMETCAST

•Lakhs of data sets are downloaded from NRSC Website

Data Dissemination Mechanism

•Established Ground station at INCOIS•Ground station at Bharti, Antarctica is commissioned.

•EUMETCAST, NRSC Website for data and products

Monitoring of Two recent Cyclones(Using Oscat)

SANDY  ‐ 29 October 2012 NILAM  ‐ 31 October 2012

OSCAT product is available to the global community through EUMETSAT & NRSC

Megha-Tropiques

• Water vapour profile

• Six atmospheric layers upto12 km height

• 10 km Horizontal Resolution

• Outgoing fluxes at TOA

• 40 km Horizontal Resolution

• Precipitation and Cloud properties

• 89 &157 GHz: Ice particles in cloud top

• 18 &37 GHz: Cloud Liquid Water and precipitation; Sea Surface Wind speed

• 24 GHz : Integrated water vapour

SAPHIR

SCARAB

MADRAS

For studying water cycle and energy exchanges to better understand the life cycles of the

tropical convective system. The satellite is contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)

Applications:

Observations of tropics for

• Water vapour

• Clouds

• Cloud condensed water

• Precipitation

• Evaporation

100 km (UNQUALIFIED)

FRS1/FRS2 MODE

HRS MODE

400 km (QUALIFIED)

200 km

608 km

100 km (UNQUALIFIED

)

CRS MODE

MRS MODE

o Stripmap FRS-1 / FRS-2 (Range Doppler/ Chirp Scaling)

o ScanSAR MRS & CRS (Range Doppler/Specan)

o Spotlight (modified sub-aperture) modes.

Space borne SAR in C-band at 5.35 GHzSingle/ Dual / Quad Polarisationimaging with 3 - 50 m Resolution & 10 - 240 km Swath

Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1 )

Altika/SARAL mission belongs to the Global Altimetry system for the precise and accurate observations of ocean topography, circulation and sea surface monitoring

SARAL: Satellite with Argos and Altimeter

Mission:

• Sun-synchronous, polar orbiting satellite

• Inclination: 98.38 Deg.

• Altitude: ~800 km

• Repeat cycle: 35 days

Altika Payload:

• Ka-band (35.75 GHz, BW 500 MHz) radar altimeter

• Dual-frequency microwave radiometer (23.8 & 37 GHz)

• DORIS

• Laser Retro-reflector Array

ISRO & CNES Collaboration

Typical SARAL/AltiKA SSHA observation overpass over Indian Ocean and SLA from POM model at 0.5 degree resolution.

INSAT-3D A Followon Mission to Kalpana

Payloads:

IMAGER• Spectral Bands (6): VIS, SWIR, MWIR, WV, TIR- 1 &2

• Spatial Resolution: 1 km for VIS & SWIR4 km for MIR & TIR8 km for WV

SOUNDER – Water Vapour & Temperature profiles• Spectral Bands (19): SWIR (6), MWIR (5), LWIR (7),

Vis (1)• Resolution (km): 10 X 10 for all bands• No of simultaneous sounding : 4 per band

Data relay Transponder; Search & Rescue Payloads

Potential ApplicationsQuantitative precipitation estimation, vertical temperature and moisture profile of the

atmosphere, surface and cloud top temperatures, ozone distribution, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), fire, smoke, fog detection, etc.

Resourcesat – 2 LISS III, LISS IV, AWiFS

Oceansat-2OCM, SCAT, ROSA

CARTOSAT-2B PAN

MEGHA-TROPIQUESSAPHIR, SCARAB & MADRAS

RISAT-2X-band

Indian EO Scenario Indian EO Scenario –– by 2017by 2017

RISAT-1C-band

Oceansat-3OCM, SCAT, ROSA

INSAT-3D Imager, Sounder

SARALAltika & Argos

CARTOSAT- 3 0.25 m PAN, 1m MX, HySI

Resourcesat-2ALISS III, LSS IV , AWiFS

GISATMX, Hyperspectral,

Thermal

CARTOSAT- 2E0.65 m PAN; 2m MX

…in sync with country’s priorities…

National Natural Resources Management National Natural Resources Management System System

An Applications Driven An Applications Driven ProgrammeProgrammeRS RS ApplicationsApplications

• Agro-informatics• Potential Fishing zones• Drinking Water Mission• Wasteland inventory• Watershed Development• Urban Info. System• Rail/Road/Pipeline alignment• Flood monitoring, Drought

Assessment, Cyclone warning

• Landslide hazard zonation

Standing Committees

Private Enterprise

Central & State

Agencies

State RS CentresSNRMS

NGOs/Voluntary

Organizations

Academic/Research Institutes

National Natural Resources Management

System

Food Security &Poverty Alleviation

Disaster ManagementSupport

Natural ResourcesAssets Build-up

Infrastructure:Social & Physical

Weather & ClimateStudies

National PrioritiesNational Priorities

National level Applications with User Ministries

Rural Development

• National Drinking Water Mission

•Wastelands Mapping/ Updation

•Watershed Development & Monitoring 

• Land Records Modernization Plan

• Crop Production Forecast

• Saline/ Sodic Soils mapping

• Agro‐Met Services & Disaster Surveillance (pest, floods, drought) 

• Horticulture development

Agriculture & Soils • Forest Cover & Type mapping 

•Wetland Inventory & Conservation plans

• Biodiversity Characterization

• Desertification Status mapping

• Coastal, Mangroves, Coral related

• Snow & Glacier studies

Bio Resources & Environment

Geology & Mineral Resources

• Landslide Hazard Zonation

•Mineral/ Oil Exploration, Mining Areas,

• Seismo‐tectonic Studies

• Engineering & Geo‐Environmental studies

MOA MOEF

MOMG

MORD

• GCP Library for IRS Data correction

• Large Scale Mapping 

• Topo‐map updation ‐ Satellite‐based

• Digital Elevation Model (Carto‐DEM) 

• Cadastral Level mapping

Cartography

SOI

• Ocean Primary Productivity 

• Ocean State Forecast (OSF)

• Storm  Surge Modeling

• Regional Weather prediction

• Tropical Cyclones & Mesoscale studies

• Extended Range Monsoon Prediction

Ocean and Meteorology

MOES

Application Projects in Diversified areas

Disaster Management Support

• Operationally addressing various natural disasters like Flood, Cyclone, Drought, Landslide, Earthquake and Forest Fire 

• R&D Studies on Early warning Systems, Decision Support Tools

Climate Change Studies•Mapping the indicators, Monitoring  the agents and Modelling the Impact

• Characterisation of climate variables (Land, Atmosphere & Oceans)

•Methane Emission, Timberline study, LU LC Change dynamics, etc.

NR Census

• Periodic Inventory of Natural Resources under NR Census Programme: 

Land use/ Land Cover, Soil, Geomorphology, Wetland, Land degradation, Snow & Glaciers, Vegetation MHANRC

NICES

Urban Development

• Urban Sprawl Mapping of Major Cities

•Master/ Structure Plans

• Comprehensive Dev. Plans (CDP) of selected Cities/ Towns

• Base Map generation for Towns

• National Urban Information System

MOUD

• Irrigation Infrastructure assessment

•Water Resources Information System 

• Command Area/ Irrigation Performance Evaluation

• Snow‐melt Run‐off Estimation

• Reservoir Capacity Evaluation

• Site Selection for Hydro‐Power

Water Resources

MOWR

Natural Resources CensusNatural Resources Census

Land use / Cover mapping - IRS-AWiFS

Annual Inventory at National level

o 8 cycles completed (2004-05 to 2011-12)

o 9th cycle Finalised

Snap-shot of the country’s status of natural resources with a repeat cycle to depict changes and modifications

Land use / Cover mapping - IRS-LISS 3

• National level inventory for 3 seasons.

• Geomorphology & lineament mapping

• Snow & Glaciers mapping

• Land degradation mapping

• Wetlands mapping taken up

• Forest and Vegetation status mapping

Mapping at 1:250,000 scale

Kharif Crop Rabi Crop

Mapping at 1:50,000 scale

Land Use/Land Cover (9 cycles at 1:250,000) 

National Application Mission ProjectsNational Application Mission Projects

• Geo-database for 152 towns at large scales are being used for development

• Centralised Online database and Geospatial tools are being used for Master plan preparation by the Urban planning bodies across the country.

• Geo-database for 152 towns at large scales are being used for development

• Centralised Online database and Geospatial tools are being used for Master plan preparation by the Urban planning bodies across the country.

PhysiographyPhysiography

SoilSoil Urban Urban LanduseLanduse

GeomorphologyGeomorphology LithologyLithology

BaseBase

National Urban Information System (NUIS)National Urban Information System (NUIS)

No. of Towns : 152

Area : 55,755 sq.km

Metro

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Class V

Class VI

Agriculture and Related Applications

• Crop monitoring

– Identification,  inventory, regional  change  detection, yield forecast

• Crop intensification

– Cropping  pattern,  crop rotation, crop diversity

• Wastelands  and  watershed development

– Extent  and  types,  soil  salinity and water logging

• Water resources

– Surface  water,  ground  water, command area management

• Precision farming and horticulture

– Yield  and  nutrient  variability, site suitability

• Drought Assessment

– Soil moisture availability

• Climate Change in Agriculture

– Methane emission

Kharif Rabi

RiceOthercrops

WheatPost KharifFallows

Kharif Rice 40.18 Mha

Rice fallow11.65 Mha

Wasteland MonitoringA Targeted Rural Development Programme: with village & watershed boundaries 

o National Wasteland Inventory Project (1986 -2000)

o National Wasteland Updation Mission (2003 -2004)

o Monitoring of the wasteland areas (2005-06)

o Wasteland Change Analysis - using three season LISS-III data of 2008-2009

o Coverage : Entire India at 1:50,000 scale

o No. of Wasteland categories : 28

• Bring culturable wastelands under cultivation

• Enhance food grain production

• Bring 30% under green cover

Area (Mha) % of TGA Year of Data

63. 85 20.17% 1986 -2000

55.27 17.45% 2003

47.22 14.91% 2005

46.73 14.76% 2009LS TM, Feb 1987 IRS L3, Feb 2002

Wasteland Map (2008-09)

India - Water Resource Information System

Objectives:Objectives:

•Generate database of water resources and design an information system.

•Access to water resources data to all water resources departments.

•Tools to create value added maps for integrated water resources scenarios.

•Provide foundation for Spatial Decision Support Systems and modeling.

Disaster Impact

Relief

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction

Mitigation

Preparedness

Post Disaster Phase

Pre disaster Phase

Observational SystemsSatellite (GEO, LEO, All-weather), Aerial, Ground

Single-Window for Services Delivery

DMS-DSC

Multi-tier databases with query/ decision tools

Secured CommnFixed/ VPN, Mobile ..

Nat’l Control Room +Decision Makers

DMS-DSC + Institutions

Vulnerable Villages

State HQ/ Control Rooms

Emergency CommunicationCWDS, Type D Sat phones, DDWS, Fishermen DAT…

Disaster Management Support (DMS) SystemDisaster Management Support (DMS) System

R&D on early warningCyclone, flood, Earthquake, Landslides, Drought,….

International ActivitiesCharter, Sentinel Asia,

UN Spider…

Inundation monitoringDamage assessmentHazard zonationBank erosion studies

Flood

Monthly & End-of-Season Agri Drought Assessment

Drought

Damage Assessment

Earthquake

Forest Fire

Cyclone

Landslide

Disasters -Operationally addressed

Inundation mapping Damage assessment

Damage AssessmentHazard zonation

Active fire detectionDamage assessment

• Realisation of joint satellite missions (MEGHA‐

TROPIQUES, SARAL)

• Accommodation of payloads (CHANDRAYAAN‐1, 

OCEANSAT‐2, ASTROSAT)

• Disaster management (International Charter, 

Sentinel Asia, UNSPIDER, UNESCAP, Search & 

Rescue)

• Capacity building (CSSTEAP)

• Participation in Advisory Committees on Policy 

Regulations (UNCOPUOS, IADC, SFCG, CGMS, CEOS, 

GEO, ICG, ISECG)

SARAL

ASTROSAT

Chandrayaan-1

Cooperative arrangements with 33 Countries & 3 multi‐national bodies 

ISRO’s International Space Cooperation­ Domains 

Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in 

Asia & the Pacific – UN Centre for AP region

Offers 9 Months PG Courses ‐ RS & GIS; SATCOM, 

SATMET & Space Science

1160 participants from 34 Countries in this region 

(plus 29 from 18 Countries, beyond) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun

CSSTE‐AP

Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology

Setup in Sep 2007, the first professional Space 

University in India

Offers UG, PG & Doctoral programmes in 

Aerospace Engineering, Avionics and Physical 

Sciences

IIST

Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram

Capacity building 

Major Disasters in India from 1980-2010

India and the Disasters

• Out of 35, 27 States and Union territories are disaster prone

• 58.6% landmass is earthquake prone

• 12% of land (>40 Mha) is flood prone

• 5700 km coastline cyclone and Tsunami prone

• 68% of the cultivable are drought prone

• Hilly terrains are landslides and avalanche prone

(Source: UNDP, India)

ISRO-DMS Programme

MHA: Ministry of Home AffairsMOA: Ministry AgricultureNGO: Non-Governmental OrganisationsNDMA: National Disaster Management Authority

Institutional Mechanism:DMS Decision Support Centre (DSC) at NRSC

in association with Nodal Agencies

MHA, MOA, GSI, MoES, Cabinet Secretariat, NDMA, State Agencies, NGOs …….

International CommitmentsInternational Charter on Space & Major Disasters, UNESCAP, SPIDER, Sentinel Asia, …

Key Developmental EffortsAirborne SAR,

Communication Equipments, Constellation of EO Satellites..

National Database -for Emergency

Management (NDEM)

Natural Disasters -Monitoring/ Damage

Assessment

VSAT based VPN- for Emergency Communication

Strengthening Early Warning

Systems Tsunami, Floods, Cyclone,

Drought, Landslides..

Development of Hydro-met.

Networks, DSS, ..

Capacity Building on DMSExclusive Training Prog

• Flood Inundation Maps• Damage Assessment• Hazard Zonation• Bank Erosion Studies

Floods

•Monthly Agri. Drought Report

•End-of-the-Season Agri. Drought Report

Drought

• Inundation Maps• Recession Maps• Damage Assessment

Cyclone•Damage Assessment

•Hazard zonation

• Damage Assessment

Earthquake

Landslide

•Active Fire Detection

•Damage Assessment

Forest Fire

Information DisseminationCentral: MHA, CWC, Min. of Agri, GSI, IMD, MOEF

State: Relief Commr., DM, Agri, Forest, other concerned Line Depts.

DMSCurrent Operational Services

Communication Network (VPN)

• The satellite based Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides fail safe connectivity.

• The network connects 22 multihazard prone State Emergency Operation centres with 10 Primary Nodes (data providing nodes such as NRSC, CWC, IMD, INCOIS…) and 5 observation nodes (Cabsec, NEOC, PMO, PMR…)

• The network is enabled using Extended C transponder in the GSAT-12 satellite.

• Expansion of the network to multi-hazard prone districts is planned

Emergency Communication

Various kinds of emergency communication equipments for use during the emergency situation is conceived and developed by ISRO. They are made available under different disaster conditions.

Portable Sat. Terminals

•Portable satellite phones which can make calls between the terminals and terminals to PSTN

Distress Alert Terminals (DAT) for fishermen

•Floatable terminals which transmits messages while a boat is in danger.

•1850 DATs were procured and distributed to fishermen through Coast Guard.

DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System

•Disaster alerts through Set-top-Boxes in the disaster region.

•500 DDWS systems are being established in association with IMD and Doordarshan.

Disaster Management Support ProgrammeDisaster Management Support ProgrammeFlood2012

•States ‐ 5,  Maps Sent ‐ 137, Flood Inundation: ~ 12.41 Lakh ha.

2013•States ‐14, Districts ‐ 148, Flood Maps ‐ 100 ,  Flood Inundation: ~ 15.50 Lakh ha.•Extensive use of RISAT‐1 (MRS, CRS & FRS)•Major floods monitored across the country

Flood affected area as seen by RISAT

Flood inundation simulation for part of Sabari river using ALTM DTM 

Flood Hazard Map of Bihar

Districts inundated during 2013

Flood Prone Area Assessment

DSC Activities Earthquake & Landslides

• Monitoring of all earthquakes and landslides in the Indian region.

• Sikkim Earthquake; September 2011 : 1196 new landslides were detected. Using the IRS data.

• Landslide Hazard Zonation mapping for Bombay to Goa route corridor in collaboration with GSI

• Landslide Hazard Zonation for Amarnath –NDMA initiative (1:10,000 scale) is taken up.

Daily acquisition of TERRA/AQUA MODIS data

Generation of 2 daily Active Fire Alerts

Value additions•Forest Mask•Forest Admin. overlay

MODIS contextual Fire

Algorithm-MOD14

Email Dissemination to ~400 nodal

officers

Information to ground

personnel for fire mitigation

2D and 3D Visualization

through BHUVAN

Disaster Management Support Programme

Decision Support Center

Indian Forest Fire Response and Assessment System

(INFFRAS)

~4 daytime passes per day

Feed

ba

ck

Turn-around time of less than 1 hr

from satellite overpass

DSC Activities - Forest Fire

Kedarnath

landslides

Disaster Management Support ProgrammeDisaster Management Support ProgrammeUttarakhand Disaster

• Flood Inundation, Damaged Roads, Landslides• Information Dissemination ‐ near real time 

Damage due to Flood along Mandakini river

Landslide Inventory2395 Landslides mapped

FDC apps customized

 for:

NABARD

Solution Architecture 

Mobile Application Activity

Open Source Technologies

Mobile device based application development

Apache Cordova API, HTML5,            CSS3, JavaScript,Java, Jquery, 

Android & XML

Server/ middleware applications

Apache WebServer, PHP, XML

Database/ GIS DB PostgreSQL, PostGIS

Spatial Visualization Open Layers, Map server, Geo‐Server

Open Source Tools / Technologies Used

Field Data Collection – Uttarakhand Disaster

Cyclone Phailin – Advance Warning, Tracking, online inundation, damage assessment

o INSAT and KALPANA-1 satellites for cyclone tracking and prediction.

o RISAT-1 Microwave imaging was used for inundation mapping

Cyclonic storm “Phailin” made landfall at around 9 pm on 12th October 2013 near the coast of Gopalpur in Ganjam district inundating vast stretches.

DSC kept a close watch over the formation of cyclone and anticipating inundation immediate actions were taken for monitoring the situation.

RISAT-1 data over the coastal districts of Odisha, AP and West Bengal are planned at 12 hrs interval using both ascending and descending passes

International Charter was activated for having more coverages over the affected areas

Cyclone ‘PHAILIN’ – October, 2013

Bay of Bengal

Bay of Bengal

Pre-Event

RISAT:18-Sep-2013 Radarsat:12-Oct-2013

Bay of Bengal

RISAT:13-Oct-2013 Radarsat:14-Oct-2013

Post-Event

RISAT:16-Oct-2013 RISAT:18-Oct-2013RISAT:17-Oct-2013

Bay of Bengal

Bay of Bengal

Radarsat:15-Oct-2013

Bay of Bengal

Flood Inundation

Monitoring of the event Cumulative Flood MapInundation during 12‐16, Oct, 2013

EO in Agricultural Drought Management

Captures spatial variability, vulnerability and dynamism quantitatively

Seasonal Forecasting:

• Understanding of land-air-ocean interactions

• Establishing Global Tele-connectionsEarly Warning, Monitoring and Assessment:

• Agro-informatics: In-season crop monitoring/ condition

assessment/acreage estimation/ production forecast

• Impact/ damage assessment for relief & rehabilitationDrought Mitigation:

• Watershed Management: Ridge-to-valley treatment in dryland

• Land/ Crop Suitability: Diversification/ Intensification of Agriculture

• Land & Water use Efficiency: Salinity/ waterlogging mapping for

reclamation & better water use

Early Warning System :Space Technology Inputs

Challenges Multi-hazard approach, such as Droughts, tropical cyclone

and storm surge, and floods

ModelingPredictions/

Forecasts

ModelingPredictions/

Forecasts

EO Products• Images• Non-imaging data

EO Products• Images• Non-imaging data

Networks• Automatic

• Manned

Networks• Automatic

• Manned

In-situ data

In-situ data

Early Warning

Early Warning

Enabling Techniques

• Sounders, Radiometers, Imagers, Profilers….

• Optical/MW Systems

• Ground Networks – Radar, Radiosondes…

• Models

Critical Factors

• Precipitation

• Surface water

• Soil moisture

• Crop water requirement

• Groundwater

Globally efforts are on using historical data (rainfall & other meteorological data) & statistical techniques

DSC Activities - Drought

• Drought assessment in 13 states – Taluk wise in 4 states ; District wise in 9 states)

• NOAA AVHR, AWiFS, Oceansat-2 OCM and MODIS data are used.

• The activity is carried out in the Kharif season of each year.

• The Area Favourable for Crop Sowing/crop sown area (AFCS) was derived from SASI data and Spatial Soil Water Balance model derived soil moisture.

August 2011July 2011June 2011

Normal (314 dist)Mild (42 dist)Moderate (37 dis)Severe (12 dist)

Agricultural Drought assessment, October 2011

National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS)

District levelSub‐district level

Integrated approach for operational agricultural drought assessment

Objective: Assess and monitor prevalence, intensity and persistence of agricultural drought at district/sub-district level

•Satellite based crop condition indices•Soil moisture indices•(satellite/modelled)•Crop related data•Spatial decision rules

Coverage : 13 states Satellite/ Sensor Indices Relevant Parameter

Resourcesat AWiFS  (60m) NDVI, NDWI Crop condition, surface wetness

NOAA AVHRR (1km) NDVI Crop condition

Oceansat 2‐ OCM (360m) NDVI, ARVI Crop condition

Terra MODIS (500 m) SASI, NDWI Surface  wetness/  sown  area discrimination

Terra AMSRE (25 km) Soil moisture Surface  wetness/  sown  area discrimination

INSAT 3A CCD (1 km) NDVI Crop condition

Satellite data AVHRR MODIS

AWiFS

OCM

INSAT AMSRE Soil moisture

CPC rainfall

Day 1 image

Illustration of time composition processInput NDVI images

OutputTime composite NDVI

Cloud

cov

er p

robl

emInadequate coverage

Enhanced coverageReduced clod cover

Day 2 image

Day 3 image

Maximum value compositing approach

Analysis of Satellite data• Data identification

(cropping pattern,

crop calendar)

• Data procurement

• Re-projection

• Mosaicing

• Geometric correction

• Stacking

• TOA reflectance

• Cloud masking

• Indices generation

• Time composition

• Products on indices

• Statistics extraction

AWiFS NDVI(Sep 2013)

AWiFS NDWI(Sep 2013)

AVHRR NDVI MODIS NDWIMODIS SASI

Methodology for agricultural drought assessment

VI anomaly Assessment(1) Relative dev.(2) VCI(3) In seasontransformation

Agricultural drought situation

• Change in crop calendar• Lag between   VI & Rainfall• Abnormal events (floods)

Extent of  VI anomaly

Extent of rainfalldeviation

Extent of sown areadeviation

Drought warning(June, July, August)•Normal•Watch•Alert

Drought assessment(Sep, Oct)•Normal•Mild•Moderate•Severe

Inputs from ancillary data

•Dynamic: IMD rainfall, CPC rainfall product,NOAA PET data, Crop sown area

•Static : Crop Calendar, Cropping pattern, Potential crop area map, Irrigated area map, Soil AWC – Depth, Texture

Kharif areamask

Rice mask Soil Texture

Crop planted areaRainfall deviations(imd)

NDVI anomaly

Technology transfer to User Department

Transfer technology/Institutionalization of NADAMS project

NADAMS project  was transferred to Mahalanobis National Crop Forecasting  Centre  (MNCFC),  Dept.  of  Agriculture  and Cooperation,  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Government  of  India,  in May 2012

Advantages of  transfer:

•Effective end use•Participation by multiple institutions•Identification of gap areas for intiating Deveopment activities•Promoting    objective  approach  for  drought  monitoring  among stakeholders

Support /Responsibilities of NRSC 

•Support  for establishing MNCFC

•Methodology, database transfer and capacity building  to MNCFC in April/May 2012

•Technical Support to MNCFC  for 3 seasons  kharif 2012, 2013 and2014 

•Generation of new products/methods and transfer to MNCFC 

Current status

•NADAMS project successfully carried out by MNCFC in  kharif 2012 and kharif 2013•Timely submission of drought reports in both the years

(NADAMS ‐ an operational and user oriented project was successfully institutionalized in 2012) 

Monthly drought reports are available at;

www.ncfc.gov.in

• NOAA19  format  driver  developed 

and integrated into GDAL

• Integrated module with

Raw import

Panoramic corrections

Auto geo‐referencing

Trimming

Cloud flagging

NDVI generation

Statistics extraction

• Implementation  done  with  NOAA 

reflectance values from data tables

• Implementation  of  Geo‐reference 

options  ‐ before  and  after  NDVI 

estimation, as desired.

• Batch  process  &  Config  options 

activated

• Automation for water balance is in 

progress

File naming conventionNOAA_AVHRR_30_11_2011_8hrs_36mins_PANCOR_PROJ_REMCLOUD_INDICES.TIFF

Log filesStart time, end time and error reportFuturistic:More sensors, More user friendly, Web enabled, Data library; More facilities for users’ choice of options 

NADAMS Analysis System v1.0

NADAMS DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM

Data Ingest System

Automatic Registration SystemSoftware Architecture (with significance to unmanned operations)

Multi‐temporal In season 

Satellite Data•Resourcesat‐2 AWiFS•Oceansat2 – OCM2•MODIS•NOAA, etc

Data Products•Rainfall•Sown Area Progression•Crop Calendar•Cropping Pattern•Irrigation•Ground data

Information Products

•NDVI•NDWI•SASI•SMI

Automated Analysis Software

www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in

1. Satellite Data / Information Products

2. Field Data 3. Interpretation

Forewarning (Jun, Jul, Aug)

Impact (Sep, Oct)

Field Data Collection

• Data Procurement• Reprojection• Mosaicking• Geometric Correction• Stacking• TOA reflectance• Cloud Masking

Work Flow for Drought Assessment

Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in 

Asia & the Pacific – UN Centre for AP region

Offers 9 Months PG Courses ‐ RS & GIS; SATCOM, 

SATMET & Space Science

1160 participants from 34 Countries in this region 

(plus 29 from 18 Countries, beyond) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun

CSSTE‐AP

Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology

Setup in Sep 2007, the first professional Space 

University in India

Offers UG, PG & Doctoral programmes in 

Aerospace Engineering, Avionics and Physical 

Sciences

IIST

Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram

Capacity building 

18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board

CSSTEAP Hqrs., Dehradun

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun

Space Applications Centre, AhmedabadPhysical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru

CSSTEAP

Governing Board

Advisory Committee

CoordinationCommittee

Remote Sensing & GISSatellite Communications

Satellite Meteorology & Global ClimateSpace & Atmospheric Science

Board of Studies for each course

Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific

18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board

No

. o

f p

arti

cip

ants

No

. o

f p

arti

cip

ants

19 participants from 11 countries

16 participants from 09 countries

Short course on ‘Flood Risk Mapping, Modeling & Assessment using Space Technology’ July 22-26, 2013

Short course on ‘Sub-regional training on development of Geo-referenced Information Systems for Disaster Risk Management’

Special Courses Completed in 2012-13

Funded by UN-OOSA/UN-SPIDER, UN-ESCAP & IWMI

Funded by UN-ESCAPOrganised by: IIRS & CSSTEAP, Dehradun

Organised by: IIRS & CSSTEAP, Dehradun

Aug 26-29, 2013

18th meeting of CSSTEAP Governing Board

Activities Planned for 2014

Short course on ‘Microwave Remote Sensing and Applications’ at IIRS Dehradun (May 05- 30, 2014).

Short Course on ‘Navigation & Satellite Positioning System’ at SAC, Ahmedabad (June-July 2014).

Short Course on ‘Small Satellite Missions’ by ISAC, Bengaluru and IIRS, Dehradun (October-November, 2014) at Dehradun

19th PG course in ‘RS & GIS’ at IIRS Dehradun (July 1, 2014 – March 31, 2015).

9th PG course in ‘Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate’ at SAC Ahmedabad (August 1, 2014 - April 30, 2015).

9th PG course in ‘Space and Atmospheric Sciences’ at PRL Ahmedabad (August 1, 2014 - April 30, 2015).

Proposed training courses to be organized by UN-ESCAP, UN-SPIDER and IIRS Effective use of satellite imagery for flood monitoring (1-2 weeks duration) Drought monitoring and Early Warning for arid and semi-arid countries (1-2 weeks duration) Interpretation of High Resolution and SAR data for Disaster Monitoring (2-4 weeks duration)

G S f f f ( )

China – Floods – August, 20131. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS  – 1 scene (20‐Aug‐2013)2. RISAT‐1  – 4 scenes (20‐Aug‐2013)

Iraq– Floods – May, 20131. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS  – 1 scene (07‐May‐2013)2. ResourceSat‐2 LISS‐III – 2 scenes (07‐May‐2013)

China – Earthquake – September, 20121. CartoSat‐1 PAN – 6 scene (08‐Sep‐2012)2. CartoSat‐2 PAN ‐ 7 scenes (08‐Sep‐2012)

International Support – UNESCAP & UNOOSA

Bangladesh– Cyclone Mahasen – May, 20131. RISAT‐1 – scene (17‐May‐2013)

Philippines – Floods – August, 20121. CartoSat‐1 PAN – 3 scene ((11‐Aug‐2012)

Philippines – Typhoon Bopha – December, 20121. RISAT‐1  – 4 scenes (07‐Dec‐2012)

Philippines– Typhoon Haiyan – November, 20131. RISAT‐1  – 15 scenes (12‐Nov‐2013)2. ResourceSat‐2 AWiFS  – 1 scene (12‐Nov‐2013)3. Carto‐2 – 2 scenes (18‐Nov‐2013)

http://bhuvan‐noeda.nrsc.gov.in/disaster/internationaldisaster/disaster.phphttp://bhuvan‐noeda.nrsc.gov.in/disaster/internationaldisaster/disaster.php

“Data Support for International Disasters”

“27 events – 102 Data sets including HRS and MRS data”

Latest – Philippines – Typhoon – HaiyanRISAT – 23 ScenesCartosat- 2 Scenes

Resourcesat – 2 Scenes

Uttarakhand Floods– Damage to Kedarnath nrscnrsc

KedarnathTemple

CARTOSAT‐2A  image  of 20‐June‐2013

Road cut‐off

Road cut‐off

Debris

Debris

Pre‐Event  Post‐Event 

CARTOSAT-1 image

• Information Provided – Flood Inundation, Damaged Roads, Landslides• Observation Period – June, 17 to till date• Information Dissemination – NDEM – VPN, Bhuvan Portal

KedarnathTemple

n

CARTO & LISS-IV merged product highlighting Damage to Kedarnath settlements

KedarnathTemple

KedarnathTemple

Kedarnath Temple Description Count

Structures Intact

66

Damaged 47

Washed away

63

Retaining wall

(washed away)

1

Total 177

Kedarnath Temple surroundings Damage assessment  

Data used:Pre‐Floods: Cartosat‐1 (year 2011)Post‐Flood: Cartosat‐2 (20th June 13)

International Ground Stations (IGS)To Receive IRS Data

• International Charter Space and Major Disasters - Initiated by CNES and ESA; ISRO joined in 2002

• Active participation in APRSAF’s Sentinel Asia; UN ESCAP; UNSPIDER;

• UNCOPUOS - Long term sustainability of Space activities

• International Astronautical Federation (IAF) - India hosted the 58th IAF Congress in 2007

• International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) – Regional Chapter

• Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) – India hosted the Scientific Assembly in 2012 at Mysore

• Committee on Earth Observation (CEOS) – Plenary in October 2012 at Bangalore

ISRO’s Multilateral Cooperation

Space System for the Search of Vessels in Distress (COSPAS) - Search and Rescue

Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) System