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7/28/2019 18 - Peter Cruickshank - Smart Cities - CoDesign
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Co-design in Smart Cities
Peter Cruickshank, Edinburgh Napier University
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Political interest in co-design
Groningens Mayor Peter Rehwinkel
to enrol customers in co-design of
services to lower costs of failure
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What does co-design mean?
Concrete work with another partner ie more than information sharing
A change in mindset moving from what the technological
developments can do, to what the
stakeholders want
A wholesale change in service design a transformation of services involving working
with end users (or agencies that work
with them)
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Key aspects
Co-design is a collaboration. Transparency
participation requires continuity of participants
wide-ranging input.
Co-design is a developmental process. exchange of information and expertise
co-design teaches co-design.
Co-design shifts power to the process balances rights and freedoms between participants
equality of legitimacy and value in inputs
collective ownership: empowerment and abrogation of power
Co-design activities are outcome-based practical focus
shared creative intent
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Relation to co-production
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Responsibility for design of services
Professionals as sole
service planner
Professionals and service
users/community as co-
planners
No professional input into
service planning
Responsibilityfordelivery
ofservices
Professionals as
sole service
deliverers
Traditional professional
service provision
Professional service
provision but
users/communities
involved in planning and
co-design
Professionals as sole service
deliverers
Professionals and
users/communities
as co-deliverers
User co-delivery of
professionally designed
services
Full co-production
User/community delivery of
services with little formal/
professional
Users/communities
as sole deliverers
User/community
delivery of professionally
planned services
User/community delivery
of co-planned or co-
designed services
Self-organised community
provision
NESTA report (2009)
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Who is involved
Types of involvement: Horizontal
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Working with colleaguesSmart Cities partners
Neighbouring municipalities
Ties with language in project objectives
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Who is involved
Types of involvement: Vertical
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Working with stakeholdersOther departments
Suppliers
Agencies
Citizens
Stakeholder involvement
can be legally required
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Tools & techniques
Meetings
Workshops
Focus groupsSurveys as alternative to focus group
Mass survey of needs
On specific issues
Stakeholder meetingsProcess mapping / customer journey mapping
Ateliers
Design thinking8
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Examples from our partners
Service development in KristiansandCommunity care for those with mental
illness
The challenge: involve people andfamilies
Counter intuitive to co-design stigmatised users
weak social networks and low insight
Group of potential users trained to support their engagement
help them to act as articulaterepresentatives of their communities
The training included :committee work,media contact, the responsibilities androles of different government bodiesand how to run a local interestorganisation
Took 3 to 4 times as long to createthe required conditions But resulting service was better.
Start-up
Preparation anddata gathering
Decision andimplementation
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Examples from our partners
Online engagement in LeiedalLelijke plekjes mooie trekjes
Asked for neglected (small
scale) public places to fix
Professionals selected from
long list
Map and images on the
website allows people to see
their ideas coming true
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Examples from our partners
Customer Journey Mapping in
Edinburgh
Linked to customer insight and business process
improvementFocus on emotional insights into customer's
experience
Naturally leads to engaging customers in serviceredesign
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ContextsSegmentation and customer insight
Successful co-design needs a clear picture
of who the customers are
Research design
Can fit with customer research
big picture surveys
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Contexts
Design thinkingBenefit
Solution is focused on realproblems
Real user engagement
Challenges
Problem definition can take 60% of
project timeHow to sell a creative processwhen a PID must define thedeliverables?
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Problem statement(defining + researching)1
Immersion andempathy2
Synthesis3
Ideation4
Prototyping5
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Some issues & lessons
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Think about related terms Mainstreaming, citizen engagement,
participation, knowledge management
Organisational maturity Know thyself
Requirement for long term, trust-based
relationships Its not a one night stand (or a solitary activity)
Communication & sharing Case studies
Reports
Workshop
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THANK YOU!
Any questions?
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