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18.04.23 Seite 1
Integration of Gender in EnDev - Kenya
Gender and Practitioners Meeting
December 12th – 13th 2011 – Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anna Ingwe – MusunguDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbHPromotion of Private Sector Development in Agriculture Programme (PSDA)
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Energizing Development Partnership
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Kenyan experience – EnDev Program
Objective: To provide households, businesses and social institutions access to modern clean energy by provision of ICS in a sustainable manner
Scope: 12 districts (out of 72) in 3 focal areas
Funding: Dutch – German Partnership, E 5.95 million
Duration: 1st Phase Nov 2005 – June 20092nd Phase July 2009 – Dec 2012
Activities: Focus on building capacity to develop sustainable market for ICS (commercial approach)
Partners: Private sector – bring the service to the peopleGOK network – supervision & coordinationAgro industries/CBO/NGO – access to farmers/community Donor funded project – mainstream stove activities
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Jiko kisasa stove
Jiko kisasa one pot
JIko kisasa portable
Jiko kisasa two pots
Jiko kisasa liner
3 USD
8 USD4 USD
8 USD
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Rocket stove
Brick rocket stove
Clay Rocket Stove
10 – 175 USDsize & materials
5 – 10 USD
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1. Traditional cooking practices – great burden to women and children
Health: exposure to IAP - causes respiratory diseases and increases earlychild mortality.
Poverty trap: Time consuming tasks as fuelwood collection keep women from generating additional income or children from going to school.
Security: While collecting fuelwood in distant areas (due to fuel shortage), women and children are at higher risk to become a victim of crime.
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Why Address Gender Equality in Stove Work?
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Why Address Gender Equality in Stove Work?
2. Labour division – women and men have different responsibilities and impacts on ICS work
Job creation: Women are seldom included in technical trainings on ICS
Key persons: Women and men are key persons for the successful dissemination of ICS: - Women built up good rapport to other women
- Men usually hold the money
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Gender in EnDev Kenya
EnDev Kenya has focused on job creation for men and women rather than a common gender mainstreaming approach
Two program indicators: 35% income increase for women Employment - above-average
job creation for women
Important to recognize the different contributions and
roles of both genders
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Project recognized women role in promotion, adoption and use of ICS Offer opportunity and encourage their contribution /participation
1. Micro level
Women are included at all levels of VC to increase the likelihood of ICS adoption and long term use
New groups include men and women Groups include old and young members to satisfy future needs
2. Meso level – women are targetted and involved in stove work as entrepreneurs and trainers along the VC
Approach
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Areas of involvement - 1
Promotion /Marketing
Women-to-women communications about the advantages of ICS have high credibility and create more market for stoves while men are more free to expand the marketing radius
Women and men with good reputation and acceptable in the community are selected to spear head promotion activities locally (increasing awareness and creating demand for ICS )
Training
Women relate more easily, listen and trust their fellow women, however both recruited to train at any level of VC
Trainings done at the village to allow women to participate and be able to go back home, while men train users in far away villages
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Areas of involvement - 2
Consumer education
As stove users, it is easy for women to teach their fellow women but both have opportunity to offer consumer education
M&E
Women play a key role in providing feedback and lessons learned in the improvement process. Both genders involved in monitoring and evaluation process
Capacity building along VC
To achieve sustainability and further scaling up, training is done for both men and women in stove production, marketing and installation
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Results
Stove uptake on the rise
Kenya Stove Project: Stove sales trend 2006 - 2011
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Stove production offers employment opportunities for women
Results
Nr
of tr
aine
d pe
ople
Employment of women and men in stove work June 2011
JK Producer RS BuilderJK Installer
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Monthly income by gender of stove dealers
Kshs Men Women
500 - 5000 35% 49%
5.500 - 10.000 34% 32%
10.500 - 20.000 22.50% 12%
20.500 - 30.000 1% 4%
30.500 - 40.000 2.50% 3%
More than 40.500 5% -
Source : Project survey report, Sept /Oct. 2011
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Overall Impact of Stove Interventions on Women
Women empowerment
empowerment of women in business orientation and decision making
Participation in community meetings, giving opinion and contributing to the well being of the society
Improved quality of life (nutrition, health and education)
Increased availability of and access to income for women
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Jiko kisasa stove producer
Jiko kisasa stove installer
Dr. Klingshirn visiting a producer group Nov 2011
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Improved stove users
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Policy
HHE sector is largely unregulated
Financing
Lack of access to finance for SME with special consideration to women needs (have nothing to offer for collateral, keep away)
Cultural norms
- firewood and domestic chores considered a woman´s problem
- firewood shortage not perceived as a problem
Challenges
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Limited opportunities for women
Most not well educated, are tied down with other family obligations (therefore cannot move as easily to distant places, but they seem to be very active otherwise)
Challenges for and among development partners
Lack of experience / know-how in stove dissemination
Carbon finance
Carbon finance often offers stove for free for short term profit, this distorts stove market development!! Conflict of interest between sustainability of the intervention and short-term profits
Challenges
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Commercial approach provide basis for sustainability of stove activities
Income generation opportunities remain a major motivation for continuation with multiple positive impacts on women
Recognizing the role of women, offering opportunity and encouraging their participation - will increase the likelihood of ICS adoption and long term use
Involvement of more stakeholders for broad mainstreaming of stove activities carries a greater chance of sustainability ( energy, health, environment, gender, agriculture)
Lessons Learnt
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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) GmbH
Promotion of Private Sector Development in Agriculture
www.giz.de
Thank you for your attention
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Jiko Kisasa Stove in KenyaJiko Kisasa Stove in Kenya