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Taxonomy of Bacteria
.
Bacteriology
Nomenclature . . . Identification
Classification
Taxonomy
. . . -: . Taxonomy Nomenclature Classification
-: -:
: 322-384 Carl Ven Linne 1753 Binomial System . ( . ) 1903 1947
-:
Code International bacteriology .
Scientific namesTrival Bacille Typhus bazilen . Collequial names Scientific names . . 1947 : Vernical
Common typhique
Typhoid bacillus
. Species binomial . Genus
(
)
. ) Neisseria ( ) Pasteurella
Lactobacillus Sarcina Micrococcus Corynebacterium Clostridium
( A.neisser
Species Sarcina alba Clostridium dissolves
-:
Streptococcus/actis Streptococcus/actis Actinomyces Scabies : Bacillus Subtilis Cohn Bacillus Coagulans Hammer
: Species Staphylococcus aureus (Rosenbach) Winslow & Rogers . Rosenbach) Rosenbach Winslow & Rogers Staphylococcus Varieties or Strains . -: Streptococcus Lactis Strept . Lactis Var . maltige
Classification of Bacteria
. . :
(
)
Natural Classification Phylogenetic Classification . . . . -: Artificial System-:
-: .
Artificial System-: . . . . .
Numerical Taxonomy
. Numerical Taxonomy .
(
.
) .
: ( A) . = . (C) . (A) DNA (C) (G) (T)
(G) =
(T)
.
+ %20 =
. %40 =
.
+
%30=
%60 = .
) .DNA
+
Melting point
( DNA
)
. .DNA
Duplex :
.
Species : . . .
Genus : . . . . .
Monotypic Family :
Bacillaceae
aceae Type genus Actinomy Cetaceae Bacillus . Actinomyces
.
Order : aceae Type Family Actinomycetales Speirochae + ales (ales) Tribe Suborder Bergeys Manual Kingdom Procaryotae ( 1989 _ ) Four Divisious : Section 33 Kingdom . Procaryotae . D.I Gracilicutes . D . II Firmicutes D . III Tenericutes D . IV Mendosicutes 1974
: D . I : Gracilicutes ( Gracilis = Thin Cutes = Skin) )( . . Sheath . Myxospores Capsule )
(
pleurocapsales Myxobacterales
. Class 1 : Scoto bacteria Class 2 : Anoxphoto bacteria Class 3 : Oxyphoto bacteria
: D . II Firmicutes ( Firmus = Strong )
( ( ) . .
(
)
: Class 1: Firmi bacteria Class 2: Thallo bacteria ) .(
. D . III . Tenericutes (Mycoplasmas . 2
: (Tenes = Soft ) :
) . Mollicutes
. . DNA C+G . . 4343- 48 % RNA C+G %46 -23 Genome
: D . IV : Mendosicutes (mendosus = haring faults ) Firmicutes Gracilictes . ( ) . + RNA RNA Archaco bacteria
: Group I Methanogens Group II Strict halophiles Group III Thermoacidophiles
. ( Section -: 23)
) Group I : The Spirochetes. Order : Spirochatales
(
.
2 .
. -: 4 2- G : Cristospira . 4- G : treponema . Treponema Pallidum 1.G : Leptosipira -: Family 1 : Spirochaetaceae 1-G : Spirochaetaceae . 3- G : Borrelia . Species Family 2 Leptospiraceae .
-2 Group 2: Aerobic / Microaerophilic , Motile , Helical / Vibrioid . Gram negative bacteris .
(
) H2 Co2 Co2
. .
-: Vibrioid Fresh Water -: 1- G : Aqua spirillium . 2- G : Spirillum . 3- G : Azo spirillum . 4- G : Oceano spirillum . 5- G : Campylo bacter 6- G : Bdello vibrio . 7- G : Vampiro vibrio . 8- G : Sporo sbirillum . Helical
( ) -3 Group 3: Nonmotile ( or Rarely motile ) . Gram Negative Curred BacteriaFamily : Spirosomaceae . . 1 . G : Runella G : spirosoma G : Cyclobacerium G : Flectobacillus : . :
-: (Ancylo bacter ) G : Microcylus ( G : Meniscus . : )
G : Barchyarcus .
:
.
G : Pelosigma :
.
. : Group 4 : Gram Negative aerobic Rods and Cocci .-: Family
1- Family : pseudomonadaceae .
543
54
. G1: pseudomonas G2: Xanthomonas G3 : Zoogloea G2 Type Genus pseudomonas
: G4 : Frateuria
2- Family : Azotobacteraceae .
G1 : Azoto bacer .
: G2 : Azomonas G2
3- Family : Rhizobiaceae(6 2) )
.
G2 : Brdyrhizobium G4: phyllobacterium
: G1: Rhizobium G3: Agrobacterium
4 Family : methylococcaceae
Ch3 Ch3 oH
CH4 CH4
: G1: Methylococcus G2 : Methylomonas
: Methyiomonas methanica Methylococcus capsulatus. capsulatus.
5 Family : Halobacteriaceae
O2 535-20 %68 - 66 C + G
G2 : Halococcus. Halococcus.
: G1 : Halobacterium .
6 - Family ; Acetobacteraceae
(
)
8 -1 6-5 . %65 - 51 DNA : G1 : Aceto bacter . G2 : Gllucono bacter : . : . (C+ G) ph ( 530 -25 )
7 Fam : Legionellaceae. Legionellaceae.
530 -25 pH 3.6 %43 -39 DNA G1 : Legionlla (C+ G)
8 Fam Leisseriaceae
Xanthephyll
.
: G2 : Moraxella G4 : Kingella : - Neisseria gonorrhoeae . - Neisseria Meningiidi ( G1 : Neisseria G3 : Acineto bacter
)
-5 Group 5 : Gram . Negative Facultatively anaerobic Rods
1/2 .
-:
1- Family : Entero bacteriaceae
. ( . )
1- Family : Entero bacteriaceae:
G1 : Escherichia G2 : Edwardsiella G3 : Shigella G4 : Citro bacter G5 : Salmonella G6 : Klebsiella G 7 : Hafnia G8 : Enterobacter G9: Serratia G10 : Broteus G11: Yersinia 11: G12 : Erwinia G13: providencia 13:
.Escherichia .Shigella .S.typhosa - S . paratyphi -S . Citrobacter dirersus
Coli
-: : = = = = alysenteriae - Sh . Shiga : = = = = .Typhimurum : = = = = : = = = = : = = = = = = = =
. Klebsiella pneumonia .Erowinia stewartii . proteus vulgaris :
2 Family : Vibrionaceae
-2
(
) Nad %35-2 .
-:
G1 : Vibrio . : Nad Vibrio Cholerae G2 : Photobactrium 3 -1 . G3: Aeromonas . . . G4 : Plesiomons . . .
.
3 Family : Pasteurellaceae
(
) : G3 : Haemophilus
G1 : Pasteurella
G2 : Actinobacillus
-6 Group 6 : Anaerobic Gram negative Striaght. -:
.
)
G1 : Bacteroides G4 : Selenomonas G7 : Succinivibrio G10: Pectinatus G13: Lachnospira G16: Megamonas Family : Bacteroidaceae
G2 : Fusibacteriuim G5 : Butyrivibrio G8 : Anaerob G11:Anaerovibrio G14: Haloanaerobium G17: Welinella :
G3 : Succinimonas G6 : Leptotrichia G9 : Aceptotrichia G12: Asporomus G15:Halobacteroides G18:Themobacteroides
-7 Group 7: Dissimilatory Sulfate or s . Reducing
. B . G1: Desulfuromonas. Desulfuromonas. . G2: Desulfovibrio . Co2
C -: S Co2 Co2
G3: Desulfomonas. Desulfomonas. .
G4: Desulfococcus. Desulfococcus. . Co2
G5: Desulfobacter. Desulfobacter.
Co2 G6: Desulfobulbus. Desulfobulbus. . G7: Desulfotomaculum. Desulfotomaculum. . G8: Desulfosarcina. Desulfosarcina. . Subgroup 1 Subgroup 2 _Subgroup 3 _Subgroub 4 G9: Desulfonama. Desulfonama. -
.
.Cutes = Skin )
: D . I : Gracilicutes ( gracilis = Thin : D . II Firmicutes ( Firmus = Strong ) . : D . III . Tenericutes (Tenes = Soft ) : D . IV : Mendosicutes (mendosus = haring faults )