1825-1850
9:1 Market Revolution
• 1. Samuel Morse
• 2. Specialization
• 3. Market Revolution
• 4. Capitalism- economic system in which private businesses/individuals control means of production (like factories, land, machines) to earn profits.
• 5. entrepreneurs
• 6. New Inventions:– Charles Goodyear 1839-– Elias Howe 1846-– Alex. Graham Bell-– Marconi-– John Deere-– Cyrus McCormick-
SUMMARY:
• Identify 2 inventions that enhanced people’s lives and explain how they fueled the country’s economic growth.
9:2 Manifest Destiny
• 1. Manifest Destiny- phrase that expressed Americans belief that the U.S.’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean & into Mexican Territory.
• This destiny was manifest (obvious).
2.Americans were moving west :
1.Personal economic problems
2.Abundance of land was greatest attraction for farming or speculation
3. Santa Fe Trail- busiest, well-known trade route 780 miles from Independence Missouri to Santa Fe,NM
• 4. Oregon Trail- Independence, MO to Portland, OR……Methodist missionaries set up mission schools to convert Native Am. & Educate them.– See Conestoga wagons & life/death on
Oregon trail p284
• Treaty of Fort Laramie
Black Hawk Illinois
Black Hawk War 1832 rebelled vs. U.S.- 200 slaughtered
• 5. Mormons-religious group founded by Joseph Smith. Moved West due to protest against practice of polygamy- having more than one wife. Smith murdered in jail.
• Brigham Young- led Mormons beyond US boundary to Salt Lake City, UT
• 6. “Fifty-four forty or fight” – James K. Polk slogan (1844) referred to 54’40
latitude line as northern limit of disputed OR. Terr.
James Knox Polk
SUMMARY:
• Summarize reasons American settlers moved west during mid-1800’s
• Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans
9:3 Expansion in TX.
• Obj: Explain why Mexico encouraged settlement in TX
• 1. Stephen F. Austin
• 2. Land grants
• 3. Tensions grew when US settlers of cotton/sugar were bringing their slaves & MX had abolished slavery (1824)
• 4. G.T.T.
5. S.F. Austin met w/Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
6. Alamo-
7. Sam Houston-
The Fall of the Alamo" by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk depicts Davy Crockett in a charge at the Mexican troops who have breached the walls of the mission.
• Sam Houston b/c President of this
• Republic of TX
8. 1838 S.Houston invites US to ANNEX -(incorporate) TX republic into the U.S.
1844 TX becomes 28th state ……..Mexico is furious!....
Summary:
• Explain why Mexico encouraged settlement in TX territory
• How did TX end up gaining its independence?
9:4 WAR with MEXICO
• 1. John Slidell-
• 2. Gen. Zachary Taylor
• 3. Slave issue affected debate over war:
• NORTH-opposed war (seeing it as a way to extend slavery to TX.
• SOUTH-favored war for same reason
• 4. Pres. Polk provoked MX ?
• 5. Winfield Scott
• 6. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexican Cession=
• 7. Gadsden Purchase
• 8. “forty-niners”
Summary
• Identify U.S. territories gained from Mexico
• Explain the impact of the discovery of gold in CA on the development of the West