1846 1846 Dred Scott Dred Scott v. Sanford Scott, a slave, argued that
since he and his wife had once lived in free states, they should be free
The Supreme Court declared that The Supreme Court declared that slaves were not citizens and could not slaves were not citizens and could not sue in court sue in court ( (NOT NOT citizenscitizens) )
The Supreme Court also ruled that The Supreme Court also ruled that slaves were property and Congress slaves were property and Congress could not deprive a man of his property without due could not deprive a man of his property without due processprocess
Infuriated Northerners Infuriated Northerners * Most Supreme Court Judges * Most Supreme Court Judges were Southerners were Southerners
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
“A House divided against itself, cannot stand”.
“A House divided against itself, cannot stand”.
DouglasDouglas
Each new state should decide the Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself. (Popular slavery question for itself. (Popular Sovereignty)Sovereignty)
LincolnLincoln
““The framers of the Constitution The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.” END intended slavery to end.” END SLAVERYSLAVERY
The problem is that slavery is The problem is that slavery is WRONG!WRONG!
Stephen
Douglas and the
Freeport Freeport DoctrineDoctrine
Stephen
Douglas and the
Freeport Freeport DoctrineDoctrinePopular
Sovereignty?Popular
Sovereignty?
Douglas (Democrat) Douglas (Democrat) Lincoln (Republican) Lincoln (Republican)
Slavery becomes the Slavery becomes the MAIN issue of the Debate MAIN issue of the Debate National Newspapers Carry National Newspapers Carry the Story the Story
Freeport DoctrineFreeport Doctrine Freeport Illinois DebateFreeport Illinois Debate Lincoln makes Douglas “put foot in Lincoln makes Douglas “put foot in
mouth” mouth” Democrats Democrats SPLITSPLIT over the Doctrine over the Doctrine
Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats Southern Democrats Southern Democrats
Senate WinnerSenate Winner
Stephen Douglas was re-elected to Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.the Senate.
But….now everyone knew who But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!Abraham Lincoln was!!!
Douglas Wins!
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building
by John Steuart Curry
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building
by John Steuart Curry
John BrownJohn Brown ( (Kansas Red-LegKansas Red-Leg) ) Oct. 16, 1859 Oct. 16, 1859 attacks Federal attacks Federal Arsenal at Harpers Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Ferry, Virginia
Country becomes more dividedCountry becomes more divided Trial for TREASONTrial for TREASON
(National News) (National News) Dec. 2, 1859 for HANGINGDec. 2, 1859 for HANGING
North – seen as a North – seen as a HEROHERO South – seen as example of South – seen as example of FANATICFANATIC
““the sins of this country will only the sins of this country will only be washed away with rivers of be washed away with rivers of
blood…”blood…”
18601860PresidentiaPresidentia
llElectionElection
18601860PresidentiaPresidentia
llElectionElection
√ Abraham LincolnRepublican
√ Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional
Union
John BellConstitutional
Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern DemocratStephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860
NO-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].
Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers – in West].
NO-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].
Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers – in West].
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860
Election
Results
1860
Election
Results
Continue:Continue:CAUSESCAUSES Leading to War Leading to War NOTESNOTESadding to Thursday Notes
1860 Presidential Election1860 Presidential Election 4 candidates4 candidates S. Democrats (v-p S. Democrats (v-p Breckinridge) N. Democrats Breckinridge) N. Democrats ((DouglasDouglas -popular sov.) Constitutional -popular sov.) Constitutional Union Party (old Whig, & Union Party (old Whig, & American Parties) American Parties) RepublicanRepublican ((Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln))
Lincoln - Lincoln - 40%40% popular / 59% electoral popular / 59% electoral 6 weeks - SC6 weeks - SC secedessecedes from Union 6 others from Union 6 others Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Texas ( Louisiana, Texas (DEEP SOUTHDEEP SOUTH)) Feb. 1861 “Feb. 1861 “Confederacy FormedConfederacy Formed””
Nation Divides forNation Divides for WARWAR
Secession!: SCSecession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Dec. 20, 1860Secession!: SCSecession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860 Dec. 20, 1860
The Confederate States of The Confederate States of AmericaAmerica
(Articles of Confederation)(Articles of Confederation) South CarolinaSouth Carolina MississippiMississippi FFloridalorida LLouisianaouisiana AAlabamalabama GGeorgiaeorgia TexasTexas
Confederacy CreatedConfederacy Created Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis (MS) (MS)
Montgomery, AL - CapitalMontgomery, AL - Capital Confederate soldiers Confederate soldiers
occupy U.S Government occupy U.S Government offices & U.S. offices & U.S. Forts in the SouthForts in the South
What Happens NowWhat Happens Now? ? -Lincoln ‘new’ -Lincoln ‘new’ PresPres
Fort SumterFort Sumter (P.G.T. Beauregard) (P.G.T. Beauregard)
Fort Sumter: April 12, Fort Sumter: April 12, 18611861
Fort Sumter: April 12, Fort Sumter: April 12, 18611861
Fort SumterFort Sumter
Some advised Lincoln to Some advised Lincoln to “ “Let the states goLet the states go””
Others said, Others said, “ “Give in on the slavery Give in on the slavery questionquestion.”.”
Still others said, “Still others said, “Use the ARMY to Use the ARMY to end their revoltend their revolt!”!”
Lincoln’s ChoicesLincoln’s Choices
He wanted to prevent war.He wanted to prevent war. ““We are not enemies, but friends.”We are not enemies, but friends.”
THE VERY NEXT DAYTHE VERY NEXT DAY
An important message came from An important message came from Major Robert Anderson Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:commander at Fort Sumter:
Urgent!Urgent!
Message from Commander AndersonMessage from Commander Anderson
Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.
What should What should President DO?President DO?
If I send supplies… If I send supplies… Southerners Southerners might attackmight attack..
If I send troops…. If I send troops…. Southerners Southerners WILL attackWILL attack..
If I do nothing…the commander If I do nothing…the commander WILL have to surrenderWILL have to surrender..
DecisionDecision
Lincoln decided Lincoln decided to send supply ships to send supply ships
And see what the Southerners would And see what the Southerners would dodo
Confederate President DavisConfederate President Davis Davis decided to take over the fort Davis decided to take over the fort
BEFORE the supply ships arrived. BEFORE the supply ships arrived. Demanded them to surrender.Demanded them to surrender. Commander Says – Commander Says – NEVER NEVER
SURRENDERSURRENDER!! The Confederate troops FIRED on the The Confederate troops FIRED on the
fort, Major Anderson and his men fort, Major Anderson and his men eventually ran out of ammunition and eventually ran out of ammunition and had to give up.had to give up.
The Civil War has The Civil War has Begun!Begun!
Lincoln called for Americans to join the army Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to to stop the rebellionstop the rebellion..
Other frightened southern states not in the Other frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with other 7 states.Confederacy now joined with other 7 states.
ArkansasArkansas - - TennesseeTennessee - - North CarolinaNorth Carolina and Virginia Virginia (move capital to RICHMOND)
1111 States Strong States Strong NOT ALL Slaves will join NOT ALL Slaves will join
The Confederacy The Confederacy
Nation Divides forNation Divides for WARWAR
Map Part of Unit TestMap Part of Unit Test
SCSC
TX MS AL TX MS AL GAGA
LA LA FL FL
AR, TN, NC, VAAR, TN, NC, VA
MO, KY, MD, MO, KY, MD, DEDE
TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC
1846 Wilmot ProvisoCompromise of 1850
1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
1856 Bleeding Kansas1856 Caning of Sumner
1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford1858 Lincoln – Douglas
1859 Attack at Harper’s FerryElection of 18601861 Confederacy Formed Fort Sumter Attack *CIVIL WAR BEGINS*
1819 Missouri CompromiseWestward Expansion
Fugitive Slave ActPersonal Liberty Laws
Underground Railroad