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OCTOBER 1905 REVOLUTION

AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

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NICHOLAS TRIES TO COMPROMISE

6 August : Nicholasissued a manifestocreating State Duma Consultative

Elections secret, but notgeneral, equal, or direct

allowed to discussproposals

see budgets

little real power

Called for mid-January1906

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FIRST SOVIETS CREATED

Origin: Shidlovskycommission February 1905

Workers began to organizecouncils soviets.

Fall 1905: Petersburg andMoscow soviets well

organized. October strike wave

renewed, Moscow first.

Turned into general strike,over 2 million strikers.

October 14: Petersburg Gov.Trepov publicly orderedpolice to decisively suppressthe disorder: if the crowdresists do not use blanks andspare no bullets!

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OCTOBER MANIFESTO

17/30 OCTOBER 1905

Lofty Manifesto about theimprovement of publicorder

Granted freedoms: personal inviolability

conscience

speech

assembly

association

Extended suffrage to StateDuma

No law enacted without

Dumas approval

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NICHOLASS REACTION

Nicholas IIs diary, 17 October 1905 entry:

, , . 5 .

., , !

We sat and talked, awaiting the arrival of

Witte. I signed the manifesto at 5 pm. Aftersuch a day [my] head was made heavy and[my] thoughts became confused. Lord, helpus, save dying Russia!

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PUBLIC REACTIONS

Middle-class liberals reacted

very positively Workers and socialists of

soviets said obman fraud;

tried to bankrupt govt.; failed.

Rightists, especially police and

army, responded with pogromsin 660 towns:

800 Jews killed

70 million rubles of

property destroyed

Odessa: over 400 Jewskilled

Rostov on Don: over 150

Ekaterinoslav: 67

Minsk: 54

etc.

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FIRST CALLING OF STATE DUMA

27 APRIL-6 JULY 1906

Elections complex and veryindirect

Elected by curia/estate

Every ten male peasanthousehold heads elected adesiatvornik

At volost assemblydesiatvorniki elected twopeasant delegates to a district(uezd) assembly.

district assembly elected

peasant electors to provincialelectoral assemblies, whichelected deputies to the Duma.

Of 448 deputies, 153 Kadets,63 autonomists, 13Octoberists, 97 Trudoviki, 105

non-party, 7 others (socialistsboycotted)

First State Duma opening ceremony, Winter palace, 27 April 1906

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FIRST CALLING OF STATE DUMA

27 APRIL-8 JULY 1906

23 April: Nicholas issued FundamentalLaw, limiting Dumas power

Duma demanded more: Legislative initiative

Immunity

Question ministers

Real Focus: Land question

13 May: government rejected alldemands

Duma responded with no confidencevote

6 June: More radical land proposaldeclared (33 SRs)

8 July: claiming the Duma was notquieting the people but inciting moresedition, Tsar dissolved first calling.

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VYBORG APPEAL, 9-10 JULY 1906

200 (120 Kadets; 80

Trudoviki) Duma

deputies signed

passive resistance non-payment of taxes

draft avoidance

Citizens! Stand up strongly for the violated rights of the peoples representatives, stand upfor the State Duma! Russia should not remain even one day without the peoples

representatives. You have the means to achieve this: The government does not have the

right without the agreement of the peoples representatives to collect taxes or call the

people to military service. Therefore, now, when the government has dissolved the State

Duma, you have the right not to provide one soldier or pay any money.

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SECOND CALLING OF STATE DUMA,

20 FEBRUARY-3 JUNE 1907

518 deputies: 104 Trudoviki,

98 Kadets,

76 autonomists,

65 Social-Democrats

54 Octoberists,

50 non-party

30 Muslim party

16 peoples socialists

17 cossack party

Much more leftist (only 32 fromfirst calling: 6 percent)

Kadets called for forced sale of allunused land to peasants

Peasant deputies called for allland without compensation.

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3 JUNE COUNTER-REVOLUTION

Petr A. Stolypin, 1862-

1911

4 January 1906:

violent, effectivesuppression of

peasant uprising in

Saratov province

26 April 1906: Minister

of Internal Affairs

(MVD)

8 July 1906: Prime