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8/10/2019 1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf
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a~ t a i nROOJ-Kewpel'sdition o f t e Puuhtu Teat Book ,
No 4
TR NSL TION
OF
THE
THE HISTORY OF SULT N M HMUD OF CH ZNI
The text-book for the Higher Standard Examination)
BY
Captain G
ROOS-KEPPEL
POLITICAL
OFFICER
KHYBER
PASS
President Central Committee o Examination i n Pushtu
AND
Q A Z l A B D U L Q H A N l K H A N
Son
of
Q A Z l M A H M U D K H A N
JKUNSHI
OF
PESIIAWAB.
PUNTED AT THE ANGLO SAN6EBIT PBE8Su
19OSu
Price 2 4 m O
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PREFACE
HAVINGeen authorized by the Punjab Govern-
ment to produce a new edition of the Gan j-i-P akhtu
and Tarikh-i-Mahrnud-i-G11az11uvihe text-books
for the Lower and Higher Standard Examinations
in Pushtu
I
have produced trans lations of each in
the hope tha t a literal translation at a low price
will
be of use to students of the language.
A s the translation adheres to the tex t as literally
as possible i t is necessarily clumsy in style and in
order not to confuse th e translation with notes only
such words
have been interpolated as are required
to render the sense intelligible. These are in
brackets. The pages noted in the margin refer to
the text both of the K ~l id- i-A fg ha niand of my
edition of Ganj-i-Pakhtu and Ta rikh-iS ultan M ah-
mud-i- Ghaznavi.
G ROOS-KEPPEL
CAPTAIN
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TH ollectors of histories have, tvith auspicious pens,
Page 2
th us written on th e pages of their own works, bhab Su ltan
Mahmud of Ghazni was a Kiog who had th e fcrtune to be
fortuna te (both) in (matters of) religion and of (bhie world),
and bhe fame of his justico and even-handedness had spread
on all sides,
And in the work of religious war Ila llnd planted th e
banners of Islam and had pulled up the roots of tjrants.
When he used to s ta rt for war, you would say , This
musb be a flood which flows equally over hill and dale
;
nd
when he used to eeab himself upon (hie) throne, a man would
th ink, This musb indeed be the sun whose lig ht shines on
greab and small (lib. the noblee and the common peoplo).
Wiadom wan his, and power and good fortun e:
On account of all
there he
was
worthy of a crown an d throne.
Bub in some books ib has been seen thab this K io g
wo
page 8
very avacicioue, 5ub (the accuaotion) rega rd iog avarice
appears to be beyond (the lirnite of) juslice, because to
subdue so many countries and to cuuee so many learned men
and famous (poets) to si t in (h is) assembly cannot
be
succese-
fully done wichoub giving away wealth and withoub bestow-
ing riches.
And i t ie an eviden t facb th a t without (counting) fixed
al lo ~ an ce e e used to give four lakhs of rupees (a year)
~
deserving people, and do many kiudneeeee to them and
oon
fer advantages on everyone,
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Y e s i f . t h ~ s ewo ,$binge are th e oause of the K ing
(having a) bad name, i t may be eo. One, t ha t b e . hurb the
feelings of.Firdoei the poeb, the otlier, that towards the end
of his life he used to
take money from (hie) people (by
force.)
I t is eaid thab bhe K ing irl outw ard appearanoe w nob
beautiful.
One day he looked in a mirro r and hie face
app eared to him to be ugly, eo he eaid .t o minieter (who
Was there),
People say th at gazing on
tlle King's face
improves the eighb, and my complextion ie such th at by
looking a t i t man'e he ar t becomes sorrowful."
Th e minister eaid to him, W ha t necessity is th er e fur
you to beautify your appearance; it ie befititng th at you should
ma ke your habite beautiful so bhut everyone 'mey love you."
T h a t say ing pleased the inggreably, and he acted upon
it, and in good habits he reached much a limit (of goodoeae)
thab he eurpaese'd all (other) King s. T h e father of $he K in g
'
was the Amir Sabaktagin, and his mother wae the daughter
of a noble of Zabalietan, for th is reaeon he is (sometimes)
called "Zabali," s Firdoei the poet has praised him, eaying,
Page 4.
The Zabali Sultau Matmnd is such
n
ocean
That ib shore no one har seen anywhere.
A peari from it did not come into my hand
The ocean i good but 1 complain of my fate.
On the night of the Aehura in the yea r of the He gira
357 he was born, and Ji rjan i, has written iu (hie) book th e
Minhej-us-Saraj, th at the good fortune of Sultan M ah n ~ u d
wae equal to the good fortune of the Lord of the Fai th of
Ielam, and a momenb before hie birth th e Am ir Saba ktagin
e a r in a 'dream tha t from their hearth a grea t tree sprang
up , eo (great) that the whole world could find place beneath
it8 shadow, When he awoke from eleep, he
w
thinking
of its inte rpretation, whon scdden ly some ane broughb
him
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bhe tid in gs saying , Be you fortuna te,
a
e6n ie born to you?
The Amir Sabakbagin w s very pleaeed; a nd on sc wu nb of
that auepicioue dr ea m Ile gave hie sol1 tlie nam e of Aftrl~mud
i.e., the F ort un ate O t~ e) , nd bccamo liopeful of (hie att ain -
iog) high r an k a nd honour.
Th en in a little ti m e th e tplanb of hie good for14une
gave such a ehade that m any people eat und er i ts ehade, ae
these couplets of Firdoei bear testimony to t h e fact.
1
In
the reign of Ma hmud t h e Qhazi,
h e
King
The
eheep
nd
the
wolf
drink
water
in
one
place.
When a boy
is first
born of
his
mother
I n h ie
cradle he mentions the name of Mahmud.
At bbat time, by order of
the
Amir Sabaktagin, he de-
P w b .
etroyed the temple (lit. idol house) of the Hirldue whicli was
on th e ba nk of the river So dr a and ma de hie fame (lib. good
forbune) equ al to t he fame of the Lord of th e F a it h (of
Ielaml.
And in th e first year of hie reig n a mine of gold
it
t he
form of a tree appeared from the ground in Seietan, an d
however much one miglit dig in i t (nothing but) pu re good
would come ou t of it , and i t wae thr ee parde round. After-
wards in the time of Sulta n Mae ud th at mine w s loeb by
reaeon of an earthquake.
Again, when th e Sulta n was free from hie war against
I
h ie bro ther , he eet hie face to Ballch nd on accounb of this,
t h a t th e Governorship of Khorasan (which) wae hie by
ri g h t, had been enlr ustc d to (one) Baktoean, he eeut a
meesenger to Bo kl ~a ra o Amir Maneur an d exelpined hie
diseatiefaation
tc
him.
H e gave answer, 11 ave given you th e Qovernorehip
of
Balkh an d Tarmiz and He ra t, b u t Boktczan ie a well-
wishing man, and w i~ ho u t reason to remove him and to
diemies him
from
offioe
ia
not proper,
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Be
i.e., Su lta n Mahmud) eenb Ab-ul-Haeean of J a m m u
wibh many preeente to Bokbara , and eaid to Am ir Mansur,
(1
ho pe that yo11 will not foul the spr ing of friendelrip and
sincerity.,with the earth and rubbish of indifference, and
thab you will not forgeb th e righ ts of and of my fa ther
which are iccumbenb on you, thab th e thread of friendsh ip
may nob be torn (aeuuder) and the foundatiorle of submission
may nob be undermind.
PAS 6
When Ab-ul-Haasan of ~ a m m ' ucnclled Bukhara, Amir
Mansur decided to make him a minis ter of his own, and he
gave no reply to the Sultan'e message.
Su ltan Mahmud star ted in th e direobion of Clisbapur,
and w h en ,~ ak to za n ucderetood his objcct, he wenb in an-
other direction and eeub a petition (rela ting tlle whole) of
hie case tq Bokhara.
Am ir Mansur waa inlox ica tid with the prida and igno-
rance an d vsn ity of youth. H e colltcted his force and
st ai te d for Khorasan an d rested nowhere till (he reached)
Sarkhae. Although th e Sultan knew well thab Am ir
Mansur could nob cope with him, yet he feared the reproach
and ecandal of faithleeenese,'ei, he left Niehapur to him and
wenb to Murghab.
b
'hdppened thab Baktozan, wit11 the connivance
o
Faik, behaved .treacherously he eeized Amir Mnneilr and
pierced his eyes with a needle and blinded him, ar ll seated
on the throne hie younger brother, whoee namo was Abd-ul-
Malik, and 'he himself feared the Sultan (and) fled to
Merv.
Tb e
Sultan sta rte d afte r him and reached Merv.
Baktozan and E'aik chose a ruinous couraa and gave
battle
t
Bhe Sulta n in the plaio, bub vict0r.y
waa
in the
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one of his princeeiee; And he e b b : wibh him various
de-
mriptiona (of preeente such ae) 'eapphires and coetly rubiee
and necklaces of pearle, an d egge of ambergrie, and veaeele of
gold and silver filled with scents c\nd camphor, and obher pre-
eente froin Hindu etan , plnnte of aloes, and watered swords,
and 'war elep han ts capnrieoned and equipped so thab the
eyee of th e spec tatore would become dazzled, and swift horses
.
.with golden eaddlee on tlle~n.
When the Im am Ab -ul-T aiab reached the land of 'Turd
keetau, the people of
hat
couatry,
w m
11ad mostly become
Mueelmane iu the time of Iluk Khan, dloned him muoh
respeob and honour and politeness.
And he wee detained a t Orkand until Ila k Ellan gave
permieeion for an audience, After this he brought into th e
King's preeence th at pearl after which he had dived in th e
eea of Tu rke stan, together with tile coetly goods of thab
cou ntry , 'wibh p ure gold and silver, and with slave girls from
K hit a and the'milk faced onee of, K h ~ l a n , ogether with
erm iue and eables, together with obtler presente. A ftsr thab
for a long lime friendellip and trffectiorr increaeed between
the Sultan and Ilek Khan, uulil by reason, of the evil ege of
bhe time and through the exerlions
of
slanderers their friend-
ehip and affection wee ohangod into enm it y and malice,
ss
,
will ehortly be recounted, if it please God Almighty.
And Su ltan Ma hmu d, on account of this th at h e had said
age .
th a t whenever am rit. leisure from the affairs of my king-
do m willepend most of my lim e io going to Hin dus tan and
wage a Holy War eterm ined in the month of th e leeeer I d
in
the year
391
of the Heg ira, to etab ou t from Ghazni for
Eindw bsn, and came to Peeharar with ten thoueand troopers.
And Ja ipa l came and prepared
t
fighb him with twelve thou*
,
a n d mounted
men,
thirty bboueend infanbry, and three
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hundred elephnnbs, pnd joined ba ttle mith him on Monday,
bhe 8t h of the m oo thof
~asian-m us la in
in the ye&
. ,393
of '
,
the Hegira.
Su ltan Mahm ud behaved bravely and ,vicbpry fell to him,
RO
he become famous as a
G
hazi
;
nd he
,
aaptured Jaipel
, ,
mith fifteen men,.who were some his ,sons nnd .some
his
relations, and lie killed five t1,ousand Hindus and brougbt
back much plunder. Aud he took fro,* the ' neck.
i
tho?;
,
prisoners eixteen necklacea, a n d those neeklsies ar e ca lle l
i n th e Hindi language Mala, and people fined the prim
of each necklace aE one lac and eighty thousand gold
mohure.
Then th e Kinf i wenb, from Peehawar
.
o ~ h a n d a nd
. . .
,brought that country (also) usder
hie
rple.
And as soor) as
i t
w s spring he pardoned Jaipnlund the
other prisoners, nfter they had ngroed tq pay
hitn
tribute,
PI^
released them froin imprisonment, And Ile killed m r r~ ~ y
pomerft~lPathane, and
made
some his servan ts and took
hem,
with him
to
Ghazoi.
.
The cuetotn of the Hind us is auy rnja who i~ twice
pagelo
defeated by the Musalmane, or taken prisoner, is no t aga in
fit
to
rule
and hie sin clrnnot
be
expia ted without fire. So fqr
thi s reason Jaipa l made hi. son, wl1u8e name was A s a u d p J ,
king and threw I~imeelf nto a
fire lrp
w a ~ urut.
Bud
Sal ta n Mahmud in th e month of Haesan-Huesain, in the year
9
of the Hagira, went ngaiu
bo
Seistan and th at Lime he
2
brought Hanif to Ghazui.
Then again a desire for H induetan took birth in his
heart. In the year
395
of the Hegiru he sta rted iu bhe
direction of the city named Bbatis, and when be hid
bravereed the boundaries of Mulban be,camped there.
Apd
ie
tbeb oiby there
w e
8 greab s forb
tbab t h e
bird vulbuce
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oould not reach ite eummit, an d rou nd
it
t he r e
WM
such
moat tilab the eight of the etrongeet eighted could not reach
i t s bobtom. T he narne of t he r ~ j af that place
w e
Baj i
h
nd because of hie mauy elep ha nts an d troop s h e wcur
ao proud t h a t Ireither di d he ca re for th e noblee of A m ir
Sabakt sg in , uor d id l i~aubrni to Jaipul.
W h e n Sultari Mahm:ld iri orde r to cru sh him led hie
arm y out, he aeeembled liis troops an d drew i t u p in l ine8
parrllel to
be
a r my
of
Ielilm. Th e t\vo u m i e e fought
illgelher
for
~lrrett
~r
bur tlie bluenlmnns appeared to the
Piug to weaken; so
OII
~ l i o 4 ~ u r t hay he gave an order ,
' l'o-day will be th e roy al brittle, let old and ')oung,
ser va nts an d followers all eq uip tliemeelves, eo th at the y
may be preaent on the field (cf battle) to fig ht for Fa ith.
A ~ i dwhen Roj r
aji
RRO ea rn t bliie plan, h e wenb
to
hie idol holleo and proe trated himeelf before th e idole a n d
begged help from th em, and with noiee and coercion he d rov e
(all) the Hi nd ue out of the c ity, uud they placed themselves
on the field of
baltle.
T he n the n ~ ~ b l e rf Id a m et0reok their haode to th eir
sword# and epenre slid all tng ether cha rged th e iufidele.
From dawn till ~ u n e e they folrght togeth er, and on every rid e
mound8
o f
dea d were etan diug and streanl e of blood mere
~ w i ~ i g ,u t r i t ) sign of tveakneee
sVaa
vieible on either eide.
T h e Saltn li the11 rnieed hi I~nnd a to th e preeence of
Qod, nlid he bro ught th e holy soul of the Pr op hr t, on
whom be peace, a s hia it~terces eor nd himself charg ed in to
the mid st of the (enemy's) army. H e broke t h e infidel
h o ~ t
nd
beeieged
Rnji
Rso
arid
gave 'ordere
to
fill 11p tDhe
moat.
When he had nearly filled up th e mo at with etonee,
olods of earbb, tbornbaehee, and ebrube, Baji Rao was
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aonfounded. H e lefb his arm y in th e fighb en d togeth er
with a few special men catue down from tllra fort pad
fled
t o
a
jungle among Lhe foreeta or1 the banks of
he
Ilkdue.
When thq Sultan heard of t,l~ie e sent R forcs of brave
soldicre aft er him sn d they eiirrounded him in thab very
jungle. When Bsj i Rao coi11d find no way of escape he
E W12*
quickly drew a dagger from hie belt atid struck ia with
greab fury into hie breast. Tn e Glrazie cr m e up with hiln,
bbey cu t off hia head and W U U ~ f f w i~h ll Lo the Sulten,
and with their unepariug swurde they struck lo the grouud
the heads of the compatlioua of Baji Rao e~rdmade heavy
slaughter.
.
Ei gb ty elep han ts and vleves uud muc11 plunder aud
proper ty came iuto ~l le i r lauds, aud thub city togotber witlr
th e surrou nding courrlry acknowledged the ru lc of th e
-u
Sult an, and he wit11 victory aud contlaesl, re lu rn ed
t o
Gbazui.
Then again in the year 396 of the Hegira t ho Sul i eu
decided to subdoe Alltlltat~, ud
he
gave ordera to the lradere
of th e arm y eajiug , Sh eik h Halnid Locli, Governor ol
Multan, used to he loyul to Amir S a b u k t a g i ~ ~r ~ dwould I I O ~
fr ee himself from his service, bu t aft er him Iris grand son,
.
Ab -ul-Fateb, wllose name
W ~ L
vnd, tlre eorl of Nuoir, tile
son of Sheikh H amid , an d wl~o
w g
a l~e re tic , t firet behav-
e himself according to the lltrbit of his father and grand-
fe ther cod couuted h im ~el f mong l l ~ eervants of tile Sultan ,
b u t when th e Sultan'rl urruy W LI occupied nt Bt~o~icrad
news was heard of him ond iu ~ p ro p e r eed s were commenced
to
be
done by him.
The King th at year, by reaeon of eome d e e i g ~ ~prehnd-
e to) ta ke no notice and eaid uo tl~ in g,but I I C X ~ y e $ -
he
dbfier rnin ed'to te ke Me revohgb.
,
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Page
13
Ib sppeare from the writirrge of th e Zain-ul-Akhbar th sb
il
ord er th at he should tnieu:iderstnnd (Iris in ten tion), h e
Iefb thab road and wenb by anoth er road, And Anandpa l,
lrori of Jaip nl,
w e
stat ioned or1 th e road to stop the paeeage
of he 1Cio;; a arm jS, but ha a ab crushed (and) fled to
.
Caehmere. Atrd i t is said in the Iiie tibry of Alfi th a t a t th e
t imo ~vl ie ~ib-ul-Fateh learnt
uf
theJ, coming of the Su lta n
he eent a m n
to Aoandpal and aeked him for help.
Anandpal ;in order) to assist Ab-u l-Frrteh, went from
Lahore to Peehawar arid s e t ~ t few (of hie) noblce on shea d
to obstruot the road of the Sultan, in order thab the Su lta n
should be prevented from marching to Mnlten.
T l ~ e iug ill gre at wrath gave ordere to hie army to
dee trt~y he cities of Annudpal. Th e army attac ked eimul-
ta ue ou~ ly ud threw into cor~frisiou lie nublee of An aod pal
it, Peehawar. Aud when A I I ~ ~ I I P R ~ear11~h i u he fled, and
th eb arm y of the Sullau was still th us pu rs~ lin g rim when he
reoehed th e limite of Sodrn oil tlie borlkv of the Ch enab ,
w d then Ire gob frightened (and) tur ned hie face to Cash -
mere. Tlre Su ltan did uot go aft er him (bub) st ar te d for
Multen for his owu stiairs,
When Abeul-Fateh saw tllat the raja8 of In di a co l~ ld o
no tbiog , he elrut lrimself (und hie followers) up in a forb
and made,(lih, displeyed ) entreatiee arid excuaee, and pro-
mieed thab year by year he would eend twenty tholieand gold
molrure for (d ie King a) service urrd would promu lga te t h e
lawe of Lte Shcriat a ~ ~ denounce the religiou of the heretics.
Pagc 1.1.
Tile Su ltuu beuieged Blultan for eome days, b ut on thio p eacs
he
gave him binditrg pro~iiiuu nd pardoned th c Governo r
of
b I ~ ~ l t u t ~ .
gain, when hu was (occupied) in preparutionli
lor
hi
re tu rn , i t chanced th at envoge from Arsalun Jazib,
who
wae Quveroor of Herab, reuohed hi m and informed the
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SuIban of the (advance of the army of I lak Kbau,
he
nltaa with a l l has te ent rus ted the a t ie i rs of ~ h a b i n d a o
Sakp al , who
wne
th e son of R (certain) raj a of Hinduetan, an d
a t the han ds of Abrt Ali S am ju ri hnd become a Mueelman,
and was also named Abuur,
slid
he (t~iluself) eut to Ghazni.
And the accorlnt of the cane of Ilak Khan W R t h r ~ a : o r
a long tim e th e Sultan 811d Ilnk Khan were
e
friendly
the t ies of fa ther- in-law and s , ,n - i l~- lawbetitted) to elrch an
estenb a has ~ lr el id y ee11 nlentioned, t ~ r ~ t i l ,n a c c o u ~ ~ tf
th e rnirrchief of i n l r i g l w a114
by reasoti of th e efforts of
slanderers that fr ieadal~ipwiis cI~~rngt.tlu t o e n l n i t ~ .
And when the Sri l tau s tar ted tow~rdeMultau aud there
were no warriors (lit. wreetlercr) lefc iu th e plains of IChoreeau,
I lak Kha n eaw his op po rtu l~it~ ylit founcl le isu re ) a d e t e r-
miued to sub due tlltrt corllrtry. H e selrt Yiy ew ~s h te g in ,
who was the co m m at ~ de r l ~ i s rmy, with greab ertny bo
Kho rasan, au d he uppoilrted Jaferteg iu as Governor iu th e
capital of Balkh. A ~ J ~ A I ~azib, G over t~or f Bera t , learnt
of thie occurrence n r~ d \.eat from H er et to Cihazni in order
l B t k u e ~ .
to protect the tllrone o f rho kingdom
And a party of tb e
chiefs of Khorasnn, by renqon of th e long absence of th e Su l-
tan, joined Ila k K1ia11. When the S l~ lt a n eached Ghazni, he
.collected an army like
t h e
people of t,he Da y of Reeor rectio u,
and marched to Balkh, nd w h e n J e f e r t ~ g i nelrrllt of bhe
com ing of bhe Su lta n, 11e fled from Balk h to T irm iz.
And A r ~ r l a n azib, by the order of the Srt lt tur,
went
from Hertrt iu prlrsoit of Sijcrw:cyh~egitra l ~ d t ar te d t ow a rds
Jlewnr-ul-Nahr.
Ilnk Khan asked Iielp from I< rder K h a n , K in g of C h i ~ ~ a ,
(and) Icadar Khrrri witah
5 000
men storbed to the a~ eis t~ an ce
of
I la k K h a l ~ , en d) I l ~ k l ~ a t ~ith t l re i~aly f Kadar brru
c rossed the Rive r Ju iu h~ tn , ud when (ouly) twelve kua
of
road remained to Balkh the arm y of the Sultan faced them.
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. , I . ,.
~ he (3 ;l t an himsblf rr tanged the ' l inee
o f
hie a rmy. 'H e '
ent rusted ,bhe cent re to hie yoanger b ro ther ~ m i r as i r -nd- ,
d in , G ~ ~ v e r n o rf J ar jan and Abu Naer Fa riun ~ n d bdu lla
,
Tui. The r igh t w ieg he e n t r ~ e t e d ~ tolLun
'l'ash Hajib,
a n d .
appointed Arsalan Jazib
to
the
(cornmnntl
of the) lefb wing
with other Pathan troblea.
And with five hundred elephants, like in ou n~ ai as , Ibe,
made a o i t d e l i ~ ~ ~ f r o n tf hie line. h n d on the other sid e)
I
t
I la k K ha n l ~ i m ~ e l ftood in th e cen tre of lrie arm'y ; od
) . .
k r
16
apphiuted Kkd ar Kharl to the rig ht wing a i d etat,ioned
,
Jafa rtagin on hie lefc. Then b i t h a rn li u , like twp rivers of
mercury, faced oue anolher, and by the noise of (th e tram pl-
ing of) their horse; ~ n a d e he
&ode. , of the earth quake ; nd
with th e duet 'of th e , hoofs of the ir hordes tiley made ' t h e
.
8 I d .
t
plain of the s y dark ; a~ rd he fire of e trugg? a r ~ d b a~ ~ t l e
they kiudled wiblr the blast of th e* (t h ei r) rtttrcks.
On th e otlier aide 1lak ~ h a n imeelf became engaged
in the bat tl e, and on thie the Sul tan d i ~ m o u ~ ~ t e d .
from lliu
horee and bowed hie head ill proetratioh-]' before th e Pure
Qod and raieed the hands of prayere and entreaby end placed
reliance on the faveiir of ' the moet kind God, a n d h e m o ~ l t r t ~ d
,
a fieroe elephant and led a cherg e against 'the ar m y of 1 l a k '
Khan . I t heppened tllatl Lhe ~ u l t a n ' a lephanb eeized' th e
etand ard beare'i; of Il ak K hau with hie trun k and daehed
him on the grou ud
;
fter th at he came to bhe lines of t h e
T ur k s and deetroyed many of them. Whe n the Ghexie saw
.
that tt ie Sultan llimeelf hed cntered the held of bobtle, ttr
iav olu nta rily they ruelred forward toge the r and drew toheir
eworda an d killed many Turk e in bhat momeab. Ka da r
Ghe n, panic-etrickea, hopeleael of life, . flcd by tricke and
>
etratagem from the battle, and whsn he had cromrd the
watem ofitlie Ja ih u n, he reeted to w he re until h e reached hie
pwn countrg;.and never.again.had
a
thought
of
'Kho'taean;
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n th e hiatory of Yemeni i t ie written thab
the
S u t t m
sfber th e flight of ll a k K h au pursuer1 the broken arm y, b u t
Pam 17.
i t was wiuter the re (a od) the ct ~l dwue limitless (aud) no one
hlrd etreligth (to endure it).
bloat of Lhe udblea deeired thab
they ehodd trot pursue the routed arnry, but ae the Su ltan
.
was himself exertirrg himself, they h ad, whethe r (hey like d
ip or not, to
go
two mlrc he e af te r tllern.
On
the t l~ i r d ~ ig t r t
1
,
they camped in
A
desert . T h e whole nighb 8no.w fell an d te e
cold allowed it4 severihy beyotrd lim it, aud
fur the Sultan
they pilched big te nt au d placed mauy brasiera
in
i t (aarl)
made the teut so werln that:most of
bile
people (iu
it.
were
ready to throw off th.ir clothes oo accoun ? of the heat.
At thab momenb Wulchalz cam e in a t the door of the
teib. 'Cke s u lt a n said to him q R jolre,
~ ~ C l n ,
a l c h n k ,ind
any to tlie Cald oatsidu why do yon die, a t ~ dwhy owing to
5
extrem e cold ar e you a t th e poiub uf de ath
;
we here are
ready iodeod
to
tak e off o w clothen on aicoudb of th e
heab.
Wulchak instant ly went out a n d , came i n again a t otlae
a ~ ~ did, gave th e Kiog'a gracious meseage to
tbe
Cold,
ntld he say8 elthough. my Ikar~d cu n~ lo t reach the Sulto n
nnd th e Sulbna'd nobles, ge t will ao eer ve his o th er serv ant 8
r
tJ1at to-morrow tlie S ~ il tn n and hie n o b l c ~at114 ohiecu will
(Irnve lo).r\tbrtrd to .th ei r \ l o r a e ~ lremselves, a1111 UP will
eee, uo failure i n dint eervice of. miue.
Ttre Sultcru, , el-
th o n g t ol~tw nrdly ie, treate d these words,
s
a jeer, jeb i n ,
,
hie heart he repslited him of his desig n at)& decided. to
return.
11,
hanced th a t thab very night newa cam e from Hin da e-
pw 1 ,
ta n thnh Abear llnd beconie enega de and had retu rned bo
his origin:\l religioo, and (ne) 'he enw
the field open to him,.
dB had driven
dub
all thd officials
of
the Su l tan,
I
:
; i 1 ,
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The Sultnrn on bhe .morrow turned th e reine of hie ,
inbentions towarda tkes plsiue of Hindustan, and sta rted to
make the journey
y
regl;lar maiohes, and setib on firsb thore
nobles who .were in receip t of frze gr an ts or land in
Hinduatan.
They seized Abdar and brought him ho the Sutbaa e
wdien ce hall. T he Stiltan took frnm him four lakha of
rupees and bestowed thein on
Tegin
his treasurer. An d h
pub him 6. e., Abear) in prison and he died there. And
l
th
Sultan then returned to Ghtrzni (and) reelined upon t b
bed of comforb and waa at ease.
Ohce moro in th e yeor
399
of the Hegira, he oollecbed
his arm y, and with the intenti011of revenging himself upon
Anandpal, who had been di~respe ctful to him in th e Multan
campaign, he tnnrched to Hindnetan.
When Anandpa l l e ~ r n t f this, he asked hetp from the
(other) rajos of Hin dnst sn. As to th s Hindu s, a war w ith
Muealrnans appeared
to be a meritorious act, then all the
rajw, willirigly r nnrvillingly, collected together to such aa
exbeat ohat th e
Rajw
of Ujjain
aud
Givalior and Kaliujnr slid
Kanauj and Uelhi and Ajmir, all came eo his aeeistauce aud
sta rte d for the Puojab with tliek respective armies. And
so
they had collected it1
the
time of Am ir Sabaktagiu, the army
Pam 19
of this tim e was far greate r than thab; and the y came to
ge ther wibh Anandpal td bhe-plain8 of Peehawer.
Forby daya they lay in face of the Sultan, bub no one of
eibher arm y advanced to ba ltle. B ~ ib he a rmy of t he
infidels increesed day by day, and from every side people
conbinued to come
ta
ib to erich un extent thab the infidels of
. i hk be r also
joined
them
in
bhao expedition,
8/10/2019 1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf
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17
,
.
And bhey mad e eych efforte i n this \Qar
tlp
t he
infidel women used e eel1 , th e ir ornam ente ~ n dend (money.
for) expeneee after their husbands, so thdt their rnalee might
be free to fighb.
And th e wom'an who had no meaae would
epih the wheel and labour and eend (money for) expensee EO
tbe army.
W h en phe S u l t ~ nrealized th a t this tim e th e infidele
I
were wi th g rea t eingle-mindehoese preparing t h e m ~ e lv ie or
battle,, , . e d u g a,rrench on both side; of t h i a r m y and
ed, for battle.
I
Th en he aekh
1 000
archere 'in front
ired)
they nit tliclib aod,st;8tagetu excited t l l ibfidel o r b y a i d
drbw' them af ter t h i d ~ , unti l they had,b rougb t theinf idel
..
a rm y close to bheir own. And ' th e Muealrndne with greab
,
uoan imity occupied bbemnelvee in repelling the i~ ~f id el e.
A nd in egjbe of th e greab precautions of bh'e Sul ta n, an
ar my .of 30 000 of the igfidele of Kakhar, j'c~et,t1 the crieie of
th e battle,'croaeed bhe treochea on eith er eide a n d peoe&ated
to the rnideb of the cnrvalry ~ n dsed their pikee, swoide'ab&
4*gger.e e n d Lnmk ed obsr many m en an d Loreee, to euch ab
~ ~ 0 2 0
. . ,
exbenb. (iodeed) th at in the cwinklini ' of i n eye they mut i
I . .
marbxre'of
4 000
men. Inde ed , hhitigs. cam e to euch a pitch
t h a t th e s l l l k d w a s
ready even on acco~inb f tho Ka kh are
: I
~o Icnve.dhe field hnd rhop the b';ttle. y chance th e elsp hab t
of ~ n a n d p a l ob frighbened ab the, noise of:the gun an d' th e
+ell o f ( h a ) fled. T h e * r k y (of the,
Elide
th on gh i thab the rdjae h a J 't a k e n it o -flighb,'eo
1\11
e p r e ~ dbe
(newe of their) defeab (aad'fled).
Ab du lla Ta i, with fi-re or ,eix thousand. Arab traope, sad
Arsalan Jazib, wi:h
2 000
Turk, Pathan and ahi l zai
trooper^
for bwo nighte and dsy e purlued the b m k e n ' a r iy , killdd eight
ltbonaand infidels, an d kro ugh b
hick
t h i r b
,
e lephante i n d
much plunder ~ n d re e e n t~ d hemnilvee before the Srdtan.
T he Su lta n after this, to ' make firm t h e religion of th
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18/65
Prophob determined (bo wage) a hdy war .againrb th
iufidela of Nngerkob, and to deebroy th eir idol-houere. and
bed. Aud a t th at tim e thab forb waa famoue a9 the forb
of Bbim, (and) when the Sultan reached in he ordered it
t
be besieged, and killed mhuy people in the neighbourbood.
And th a t fort had been uonetructed in the tim e
of
Raja
Bhim on the top of a hill, and the Hindus called i t Makhgan-
ul-Aenam or the Treasury of the Idule and the rajeb
of (all) countriee ueetl
to
eerid there gold and silver a t ~ d
peerli and rubiee add coral and 'oth er ricbeb,'and in doing so
they consdertid'it t be an ' ~ d v r ro t a ~ eoi
both
worlde.
FO;
pW2 .
th ie r e k n eo gr ea t wea lth ' tias n~l lec tedn' tbat fortrm i
ihab in the treaeury of kia'g were so much rich collected'.
a
~ n d bhqb fort was empty of brave men, an d there
r
no'o?e in ibe r tPb ~r ah m an s , h n i b u r d ~ j heir 'minda
were'eeired with panic, and rained oriee to th e ekiee
for
memy. And on the third day th e y 'o p e n d ibbe ' d k e of tbe
.
f b, and the Brahm sdi came and aalubed Sultan
Tben the S u 1 t a n ' ~ t h few special men entered bhe forb,
8:~s.
lakbe of Bold mohure and ?iahb h u n d red k au n d s of
b d ilver b e u d i and two hundred m au nb pure gold
and tko thoueind m t k ~ d ef vir n silver and bnenty maundo'
1 . .
of aesor( r re]? hioh had been collected there dnce th e
. '
~ ~ a . o fbim ind h d come in to the p o a ed o n bf t he oivil
offioQts; l\ e l l to thd sulta n,
,
nd afber this bbe 8ulan return-
ed to Ohecni.
And in the year 400 of bhe Hegira the Snltan when out
if tile oit; and'
.
. .hrona 'o f .gold nd eilier in h e H all
of ~ a d i ~ i o ? ,nd tsrqed ou t into (and arran ged). in the plain
(d l) the plunder which ha d fallen i,nto hi. hand8 du ring hn.
.':atb) journey;
aid
Inany people from the oity and from th e
- , .
.
AT -One lakhlrlOu 000. Ooo mrond-St poundr
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(eur rounding) villages oame bo ee e- th e epeateale. And bhir
crowd
o
people rem ained aolleobed bogebhet for th ree d ry r ,
and enjoyed themaelves in various waye. And he diebribubed
th a t wealbh among pioua and poor men an d pleaeed th e
h e a r t s of the people. l a ~ t t ,
And in bhe gear
401
of the H egira he led hie at m y ti
a h o r . Muham mad Ben-Suri, ruler of theb country, oama
oub with ten thoueand mounbed men t o fighb th e Sultan, and
bhe ba ttle raged from bhe tim e of eunriee until m idday, an d
t h e Ohoris behaved with gre at bravery.
When bhe Sul ten saw their bravery he gave ordere and
led hie amry back e a triok. The Ghore thoughb thab th e
Sulben was routed and emerged from their trenohee a d
pureued him. When bhey reached th e middle of the plain
the Sulban ieeued (f reeb) order~nd (hie) eoldiere faced
about and slew many of the Qhorie and broughb Mnhbmmad
Ben-Suri a prieoner to the Su ltan . Bub he from (exoeesive)
grief licked a poieoned atone (whioh he had in hie ring) and
died in bhe Suitan a preeenoe, and bhab oountry aleo wer
inoluded in the poeeeesione of the Sul tan.
And iu bhe hiebory of Yemeni i t ie w i t ~ ~ nhab bhe
rulere of Ghor and bheeubjecba of thab plaae
bed
nob until bhen
coneenbed bo (embraoe) th e faith of Islam. Bub bhe au th or of
th e Tebkab Naeiri and Mubarek Sh eh Rozi, who wrote tb e
hebory of the kinge of Qhor in veree, ha re mid thab the
Qhorie had become Mueslmane in t he time of. th e Caliphate
of th e Commander of the Faithful Ali-ben-Abi-Telib, m y
God be pleaeed with him; ro d in tim e of the Bani-Umayad,
(when) all lue al m an e had spoken improperly a g d n l t tbs
PW U
deffiendaabe of the Propheb, on whom be p e w in h e
oountry of Ghor (alone) no one eaid any thing .(of the ,c t),
and
of
ir
rawstbb
.oounQ
b
proud
slbavo
oll. ~thet)
o?w@ip8e
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40
.
Ag ain in the same year th e Sul tan wenb a seeond tim e
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'is'my .petition ,'thel Thaneear ie the place of ro rs b ip of th e
peapie of bhie country, and (even) if in the religion cf the
Musalmane ib ie (coneidered) a meritorioue aob to brebk idole
.
bhat (meriborione) work
rua
accompliehed in the breaking of
th e idole of Nagarkot. Now if the King will accept
aa
corn-
peneation) th e coeb of hie corning and will
fix
upon thaee people
yearly tax and will retu rn without moleeting them , sleo
.
will, ae a bhankoffering that my prayer haa been gran ted ,
send to (the King's) du rba r every year fifty elephants and
many kinds of offeringe
The Sultan gave answer: In the religion
of
the
Muealmane ib ie (la id down thad thie ie) a meriborioue aob
.
bhab any one who may deetroy th e place of worship of th e
heathen he will reap gre at' reward on the day ofjudgm ent,
and my intention to remove entirely idole from bhe oitiee
of Hinduetan. How then can prevenb myeelf from going
P ~ 2 6
to Thaneear,"
.
In ehorb, thie news reached the Raja of Delhi, ( m d he
prepared himself to war with the Muealmane and eenb
meeeengere
to
every parb of Hinduetan, and mid to the
Rsjaa "Sultan b la b~nud , wioh a greab army, hee etarted
for Thaneear. Now if to thie greab flood we do not oppose
by a etrong dam, then ib will be eoon thab be
will nob leave
the plant of wealth, of small or greab, in th e plain of thi s
country.
o
is therefore better tbat we ehould remove thie
danger with one consent '
Bub the ~u lb a neached Thaneear before they oould oollect
together, and when he saw th e oity em pty (of defendere)
he plandered ib ab his ease, and broke all the idole and
eenb (the idol) Jagsum to Qhazni (with ordere tha t) i t ehould
be placed in th e road, so th at every ocle lnighb pges
ver i b
and trample ib under hie feet ; rnd he found
t
greab
w w o k i the
templee'tbe%
b ould
tr
haunted
.
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22/65
And ib ie relabed by Ha ji hu ba m m ad Kandabari th rl
in
one temple a piece of ruby wacl found, wbicb in weigbb WM
.
.
50. miskale, and no ane had ever eeen or heard of such
a.
piece. . .
And the Sultan afber thab victory determined to'eubdue
Delhi, bub hie nobles begged him, eaying
: Ib
is then necee-
eary bo go to Delhi when tbe Punjab from one end .to
anobher ehall come ,into our poeeeeeion and our m in d e
A.nsnd
pat.
e ab e u e from our anxiety regarding (the inbention of)
ly 26.
Tb e Sultan approved of thie counsel, and despatched e
lit tle lea's than two hundred thousand slave-ginle and slavw
ftod tbab country and returned to Ohazni.
' I t s said that thab year they counted thehiby of ~ h a z n i
b2
b 'o n e of the ci ti es of dindue tan, because many slaves and
e l e ~ e - ~ i r l ead fallen to each noble. And in bhe year
408
o f ,
.
.
th. ~ d ~ i kl t b n t a e b ,he cbm nabdei-in-chief, and ~ r k a n
~ h l bodqherad' Oharjiitian and captu red Shah Sa r knokn u
~ $ u ' ~ a e a r ,who
a )
ruler of thab country, and broughb
. ,
,
him to Gbazni. '
. ,
a n d ' while, ' t h e y were taking Shah 8.r to Ohazni they ..
.
. .
enbruebed him to a elave, and b b e b
'el&
bhought to himself,
I 1 '
ib..is righb
,.
bbab
I
ehouid send a letter home bhab the
pepole of (my) house ;hall know of my coming. Sq he
mi$ t i 8had
.
a r :' Wribe a Irbter for me that
1
may send t ,
,
home
I
Shah r forbade him muob, but bhe elave would nob
lervw him (in pbaw). So as. he w uld nob help himeelf he
book
s
pen in hie hand, and wrote: "Oh useless, undeeirsble,
obrp~slesr vil-living. onel. Are you
in
bhe belief Jbab 1
d;
;,
~ d - h o n a o l . ~
0; r d
ow
:Job
W P I ~ p t O p y ) g
8/10/2019 1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf
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ua lawful (pleaeuree) ae if do nob know of ib. ou
ppend
th e d ay in d rink and the nigl~ b ou amuee etrangebachelors;
.
you bave ruined my home atld lost my honor. If ever reaob
you eafely, will reckon with you und give you a leeeo~.
When he had finiehed the letter he pu ta eeal on
i
(and
.
bloeed the envelope (and) gave ib to the elave. When bhe
elsve eenb th e peper to (his) home end (when) hie wife under-
ebood ibe purport,ehe wee eeized with panic end anxiety urn
age 37
bora (in her mind). S h e thoughb in her hearb thab Borne
enem y mighb have made false aocueation rgaiusb her bo her
huebend and liave slandered
he r to him. So for fear of her
huebsud e l e took
a
few female slavee with her and lefc he?
home, and wenb and hid hereelf eomewhere in a co rnen
And when bhe slave had brouglrt Shah Sa r
to
Gbaani be uenb
to hie home, and
whab doee he eee (there). The door
ir
oloeed, and t her ei e no one in the house. H e etood bewildered
tcsr
a
while. Then when be had opened tbe door hie (once)
inhab ited houee appeared deeerbed to him. Neither did
h
eee hie wife nor did his eerva nb appeer. Th e ela re aelted th e
.
neighboure (and) bhey told
him uf the paper. The elare
etood for some time in g rief lamenting aud eigh iag,
m
saying:
said nothing (of the kind).
Then he weob end
fetched hie wife and meda many apologies to her.
And in the fireb aesembly when they brought S hah Sar
to the presenoe of bbe Sul tan, bhen (eome) cheerful friend,
told the whole etory of bhe elave to the Sultan. T he Su ltan
laughed , aa d eaid: Wboever etepe beyond hie proper level
an d behaoee dierespeotfully to th e great, deeervee thie
very
puniehmenb.
Then th e Su ltan in bhoee very daye wrote
a
letter to
the Caliph, Abbaei, nhose title w u .A l- K d ir -( lb il lr b (and).
'
bbe purporb of it WM this moeb of the citiee of Khoraesn
8/10/2019 1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf
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are in orlr poeeeedon. hope (therefore) thab eome of
ibe
pa@2 1*
oiti'ee of Khoraean, which are in the hande of your ealvee, will
also be refb to these (m y) people. Ae the Caliph had nob
bhe rtreiogbh to
go
to war, wee forced to agree to th ie
propoesl.
Anobher tim e bhe Sultan again eeut him
s
ebber, and
wrote in ib, ('Leave Sam aroand aleo to me. The Caliph
I
Aid , u k sheher from the Pure God from bhi. nil. not f
do thie thing, and if you intend to take i t without my cobsenb
will make th e whale world ehakedupon you?
.
The Sulbin wes very angry ab thie saying, aud eaid:
Do
you wish th at should go bo you with thouuands of elephanbe
and upset your kingdom and level all your villagee and cities,
,
and having loaded their dueb upon elephante thab should
brin g i t to Ghazni.
The meeeebger heard these words and etarted off(home.)
-
When eome time bed e la p ed , he came again and broughb
paper.
The Sultan took hie eeab and (his) alavee atood in lines
before him , and he posted grea t elephante ab the door of hie
Durba r and gob ready hie army; At theh mom ent the mee-
senger placed a ~ e a le d aper on the throne, and eaid, The
Commander of the Fai thfu l eaye, 'Your anrwer ie tbis.'
Kbweja Abu Xeear i o z a i , who was the head of the offioe
\
bf'lebtere, opened the *per (and) eaw in i t fireb written th L
In the name ot God the Merciful, the Compauio~te
Qben on the eeoothd line theee lettere were writben
eeparately in bhie w ay--A-L.M-8-L-M, and afte r thab th e
letter
waa
thus
:-
. ,
P8ga39.
'gPnlc.e
be to
God
Lord of the World, and
peace md
aafety
be an
liia Prophet Muhimmad and on
all
hir deaceadnntr.
o
.
Xhdn
u
nothing bore. The ~ u i t l ro nd ell bhr other
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wribera were confounded a nd did nob underabaod th e mea n-
in g of i t in the least,.
Th en they read every eingle verse
of t he G r e at K ~ i r a n n d saw i ts c ~ m l n e n t e r ~ ,ub no p~i rporb
of could be a scer tu iued . Kl~ wa jn bu B ~ k r rhss t an i , who
was 11 i ll then the p~ ~sse ssorf (any gre at) rauk, plucked u p
courage, a n 3 said
: T h e
gracioue Sultaii had mentioned
elephan te to destroy thab coun try,
8
i t muat be tbab the
Caliph in reply tto your words bae wr itteu (t h e veree of th e
Koran, which means)
:
Oh d o you
not
era
how
your
Qod
hem treated
the
friend6
of the
alephdnts.
The Sul tan on
heariog
cheee words fell down ernueleoa
through fear. wh e n a f te r
a
whild he cam e to himbelf, he I p t
mu ch aud m ade excuses to the mtsspnger a ~ l d a e n t im back
with
many gifr,s and gave Abu Bekr a spt.citr1 rob e of
honour and promoted h i ~ no Llle dignity of a uoble.
And in the year 404 o f b h e d ~ e g i r n ,he Sultbn led hi8
ar m y to th e Forb of N au du na , whicli is situate d on the bill
Baluab.
And ab thie t im e Aoandpal died. H is eon, w l ~ o
r
graridson of Jaipal and wae Governor
u
Lahore, had 1101 t he
e t r e ~ ~ g t ho fight him , (antl) leaving few warriore
n
N a ~ d u n a ,
w en t to a (cerbain) valley
u
Cehemere. T h e Su ltan broieged
bhat forfrees, an d prep ared what wae requ isite for m nk ing e
hole arid de stro yin g the fort; bull those people were hard -
role
80.
premed and begged for mercy, and m ade over bhe fo rt ~ f e
an d complete to the Sul tan.
T he S~ llba n took po~ne~clion
f
the forb and appointed
bruebworthy man to (hhe ch arg o
of
i t and went a f te r Js ipnl ' r
grandson LO that valley of Caslbm*re (which hw alrccrdy bee11
me ntiuned), au d Jaiysl'r graudot.m the uc e fl,d elyewbere. Tho
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Sultan 'pluodc'red mach weal bh in th at valley, a c d reconoiled
ma ny 'people to ' ( jo ioi og the ) blutialman 'f a it h , bhen h e
returned to Ghazni .
Add in the yea r
406
of the Heg i ra, the Su l tan m ad e a
$n' of (cor,quering) th e count 'ry of Cashm ere, an d when he
weot ' the re he besieged t8he s tro ng for t of Lo hko t; bub
when long t 'ime
had
elapsed and much snow fell , and the
.
cold 'becrmo "e xt re m e (lit . victorioas) lind rei~lftlrcernents
f
beyond n u m b ., r 11ad renched t h e fort*, he raised Lhe sie ge an d
stbr:te d
bnckr . to iG lnz~~i .
Au d .in t h a t j ou rn ey h e l o s ~ is
way
an d reiiched a pltrce wllerc
L I C
tvt~oleplain was full of
w a t ~ r . . W h e re ve r key went they saw 11ci1g11t u t water,
and io thab \varer Inally met1 ptdrished,
I L I I ~
his was the f i rs t
( rniafor tul le ' d l ie to ~JIIJ)vil eye whicli hed b-frl lrn t h e
Sultau'a prnly ill iln jt,tlrne .s ill H i ~ ~ d u s t . a n .Af ter some
d ~ y e
h e y , with libany d evi ces a nd efforla,
go^
free from thab
water aud weob to Ghazni.
B u d
i l l
th at very yea r Ab-111-Abbas J l a ln u ~ r, ing of
Khoarazm, wrote a le t t e r of f r ie l~ dbhipo th e S ~ l l t a uaskirlg)
for (the hand of) hie sister. T h e Su lta n accepted th e (offer
in t h e ) p s p r r and s ent h is s i s te r to IChuaruzrn.
Page 1.
Atld i r ~ he yea r
4 7 o L l ~ e
Hegirt,
a
b ~ u d f brigan&
made 8rt l a~ , t , t ~ : k
11
t , l ~ t tK i ~ l g f [ < I I ~ L ~ + I Z I I ) , and killed I~iln.
Thb S
: & ~ I
f r i ) mCfii:~z i went to Bi~llth , l ld t l r c ~ ~ c eta r t ed
dr. K l s o ~ r a z ~ n .
I ; 1
W l l e ~ ~'e re ac he d K h i z r U o ~ ~ d n r ,I I th e front,ier of
K ho ara z~ n , he made J luhaml l rad l ui he Chief of an army,
aad s e n t hiin in frorlt,. W l~elr th e peop le of Gh azni
h
e ~ ~ c a l n p a dn d wcsre sttrildi~ iy
u p
f i ~ r
he
morning prayer ,
Khkmar Taah, who
way
~ i i a e ' rd ~r of t h e I
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T h e Sulban senb a large a rm y of pioked m en (lib. plaree)
a f t e r them and when they ctrme u p with them they ca ptu red
Khamar Tash and brought
him
to th e Sultan.
W l ~ e n he Sultan reached
he
fortress of Ha enraep, the
eoldiers of Kho arazm collected and ma de a
simultaneous
abback on the Sultan's arm y, and fuugllt deepe rately.
Bub
Ohey were bruken, ar~dAl ap tag in Bo khari, who wsm th ei r
,
leader, fell iuco cap tivity . W hen th e Sulta n wont to,K,hoararm
h e firab ret alia ted on th e m urd ere rs of Ab-ul-Abbee (by
kill ing them), then he glive
to th e noble Altum Taeh th e
bitle of th e K in g of K l~ o ar az m , nd bestowed orb hi m th e
cou ntry of Khoa razm and Arkao d together with i te surronnd-
iog ( couut ry ). And when thence he came to ~ b l k h e
,
,:
ga ve t he country of H er at to his sot) Am ir Masud, and m ad e
M uham ma d Ben Hu set~iu Zuzni his de pu ty , aud eenb him
wibh him. A n d t h e coun try of Ko rka n h e ga ve t'o Ilia
son A m ir Mubarnmad an d senb Abu B ak r Kahae tani with paoe a
him.
And when
the
Sulban was (once more) ab leiours frbm
%b he ffair8 of K ho ar ez m , ib was then win ter 'time', an d
he
gav e an ord er (saying)
:
. We mill paaa the winberein-
Bub
.eo bhab the soldiers may be in cornforb.
u
An d in th e ear ly sp r in g of the year 409 of bhe Hegira,
when th e nights arid da ys are equal ;in length) an d th e
eoldiery of v erd ure aud flowers ~ ~ o st o n d i r ~gn the meadowe
of th e plains a nd groves, aud th e pure air and fragranb
breeze had conqu ered bile furtrees of th e buds, th e Su lta n,
with a lakh of eamarv and twenty t h o u s a ~ ~ dnfantry, who
ha d aseembled wit11 th e iute ntio n of (jo iu il~ g) boly
war from Tu rkestan , from DIaw ur-ul-Nahr aud frurn &h ots -
b an a n d from obher countriee, alerte d for Kanauj.
I . ' : f
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. 4 . .
,
.~ . .
..
:
.
Now th at .couutry rbfter th e invasion o f) K as ht w p ti ll
. .
bhen had
never fnlleu in to the hendo of any foreign (con-
qtlerer), arrd'from Ghazrri to that place it was three moothe'
journey, aud there were seven very large river6 to be croeeed.
When the Sultan reached th e fron tier of Cashm ere,
tbs Gavertror of C u h ln er e presented many thitrgs wo rth
-offeriug' .before th e Sultan, and ntarsed a t
t h
hetrd of his
army f o r , (th e Sultan'e) service. When th e s, ,ldiere o f
I d t ~ m ad traversrd many llbHga8 aud had b rrived a t Kunouj,
the y claw a g reat , firm, atron g hwb, so (gr ea t) th at
o
spectator
would thiuk thab its head reached LO the sky. Arld t h e
raja of that place was called K,~rah,aud ) when he saw th e
k g ?
83
(Sultau'r) ar m y he was rot ~fo riu drd ab the ir grtrn de ur
anal pwny and wna terrified, in hie Iiearb there re m a in e d
,uo itlea of figI~ ing, and
re
seut eorne mou to tile presauce
of
the
S u l ~ a u , ayiog
:
I
ubey bhe ordara
of
the King," and he
himself, wiih affecbion a d ioceriby, descended from the forb
with his greab an d small eone, and according bo t h e w rit in gs
of EJ&ib-UR-Siyer (ib appea rs t ha t) he alno embraced Islam.
Aud
th e Sultan af ter three days s tar ted for th e forb of
Meerub. T h e raj a of thab fort, who was called H ar w ct ,
entrusted tbe fort to tru stw i~r th y men, and himself wenb
away
to
alloth er place (lib. to one side ). And the people
in the fort saw thab they had no power of resistance, so they
prcseuted (to the Su ltan ) ten bhousarid times one thou sand
d ir l~ am a, which ie two
lakhs
and fifry bhousa~rd upees, an d
thirt.y elep han ts, and obtairled peuce. Again, th e Su ltan
t - .
frqm hhab place star te d for th e forb of Mahawan, which
fo rt in b uilt orr th e bank s of th e Ju n water.
A ed th e raja of
th a t fi,rt wue c d e d by the ne rne of Kalchand. H e mouihtc.d
. .
an lepharlb and detv rmiued to ctosu th e water.
T h e a r m y
o
s
&Iwn *rb*d r h r r
bim
(and) whwm rhe w im p
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near bo him, bhat unlucky ttyrant drew (his)dngger frbm (it s j
ebe ath (a nd ) first cu t off tlre head of hie wife an d eon, th en
h e struck himbelf
o n
tlie breast and seut himself to Irell.
And in tlrnt plaae
RO
much plun der fell in to th e Sulban'r
hands that no one c o ~ ~ l doririt ib. E ~ g l r t y grent elephants
alone were (found) iu ib. \??hen the Su ltan was ab leisu re
from tha t uffair, sorne one (caused to) pkise to his auspiciode
Page t
ea rs (t he news) thab iu those pa rts there was a city called
Muttra, (and) bhat Krivhn Bas Dev, whom the Hindue call
prop het, was borii i ~ riiat city , and (t hn t) in extenb (lib. build -
ing a) or populatiotr no otie had seen in th e world a city li ke
it . And the re were
su
many wonders and curio sities in ib
thab no one can (enough) extol
tlrenr. T h e Su ltan on hear-
i n g t hi s a c c o ~ ~ t i tm~nedi t r te lystn rtr d for th at place. And
although tliae city was snbjrct LO the Raja of Delhi, still nb
one appeared to stop the
King's
(advance.) H e reached hia
destina tion withoub anxie ty and withoub interference, a nd
plunde red th e city and bu rn t tile idol-houses of bhe ciby and
neighbourhaod,
slid
broke the idols and much wealth c a w
in to hi8 hands. And he was so astonished a t th e eighb of
those buildings (which
he
found there) thab hessenb
A le bter
to th e nobles an d chief# uf Ghazui, and wrote th ie p aragra ph
i n i t :
Iu
this city there are a thousand buildings with
foundations as strong)
as tlie slry a nd moeb of
them
a re
bu ilt of ma rble, and the re ar e so many idol-houses in them
th a t they are beyond coun ting; and if an y one should desire
to build such baildings , then if he were to spe nd a lakh of
gold moliu rs on exper t bu i lden , he would ( I ~ ~ r d l y )omplete
i in two liundred years.
Q ~ ~ J
I t is said bhat he found am ongst them
f i v e
idnle.of pure
.gol d, in th e eye-sockets of which they pub eapph iree (and)
all those sapphi res were valued a t fifby thousaud rup,ees.
Tbsra waa wnubber iifol
of
gold in wbioh
they
h kl
ineer(ri?cl
p,~lrg,
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plate of em erald s, which in weighb was 400 miskale. When
ilt 'd had broken u p th a t idol e ight thoursnd three hu nd re d
mis.kals of gold were got from it, and of idols of silver, great
.aqd emall , there were morc t ha n o ne h a n d re d , ( ~ t n d )when
.they broke the m all up they loaded a hund red camels w ith
thew . After th is tbe y se t fire to all the buildings, (and )
,
,whea twen ty fdays had passed they mar ched from th ab
place.
~ d d
b is wribben in th e hietory of Alfi t h a t bhe Su lt an
he ard thab in thoee perte there were on the ban k of th e ri ve r
eeven greab forts,
so
he seb ouh in th a t d irect ion . And t he
ruler of those forts used to pay trib ute to the Delh i Rnjs,
.and whgn he learnt of this he fled 'Che Su lta n reached thoae
forte an d was tak ing a view of th e (nurronnding) counrriea
(when) i chance d thab his eye fell on an idol-hooee whic h,
in bhe b e l i e l t f the Hind us, was stand ing for four thousand
years. I n thrbse forte an d idol-houses ev ery thin g thab th e
Mueatmane found the y took poseession of, a n d ab t h e King'e
ebirsup they started for th e fo rt of Mauj.
And i n thab fo rt the re were many brave men, an d they
h a d pub euppliee (suf ficiel~ l) fur a long bime i n ib. The
Su ltan besieged bhoee people for fifteen day e and lefb th em
la o way
of
going an d coming. When the y underutood thab
. be. Sulban would con que r th e fo rt by force, eome of bhem
.
deecended form th e forb an d slew themselves, an d eome w ith
th ei r women t\nd eous t hre* thelnsel vee int o fire, an d eome
opened th e gabe, took the ir deggere an d knives in the ir
.ha nd s a n d foughb euch a fight with th e Mueelmane theb
Pago
S6
bhey were all killed.
T h e Sulban broughb the plundered property idt o hie
$oeeeesion: and sb once sta rte d for Chandpal'e forb. Ch and -
pal, hi&olf eaw
(bhrb he'
had)
no
e t r o q t h t o fighb 80)
,I;....
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with hie family and prnperty f led to the mountains.
T h e
S u lt a n took possession of (all) properby rem niu ing in bhe
forb, an d divid ed th e slores of g ra in am on g hie soldiers.
Then he dec ided to g o bo th e hom e of th e infid el
Ch sn d Rs i .
H e also did like Ch and pa l the y fled to :he
hills with tiheir prop ,rty and poesessione.
And Chand Rdi had an slepllanb which the Sultan had
.
many t imss t r ied , a t a great price, to obbain bub he could
.
no t g e t io.
A n d (a bo ut ) tllnt ti m e thob eleplianb, withoub
i ts a t tendant ,
ran
B \ V A Y
from l t i e ca m p of Cban d Rai , and
cam e straig ht to the Sultao 'a tenb. T he Su lta n gav e
ordern and the y seized it , au d he was mu ch pleased.
.
And he gnve tha t elephanb th e name of Khod adad i.
e.
God-given).
Th en w h en t h e S u l t an a r~ i v ed
n t
G h azo i ,
h e c o u ~ ~ t , e dp the plu ~r de r wlrich he had t aken in the
expe dit io n bo
(
lit. the pluuder of 1Knntiuj.
I t t u r n e d oub
:3
(bo be) tw enty thou sand gold pleces and a tl ~ o u sa n d houeend
rupees and f i f ~ y l ~ o u s a ~ r dlave, female and male, and thr ee
h u n d red an d fifty e leph an ts , a r~ d t h e re was ~ n i ~ c htber
.
roper ty .
Then the S ~i l ta n ave orders , saying : Build a Jlusjid-i
.
ja rt ~ i , which Plzbl~at~sall
t h u
F r ~ d
y
mosque' sf marble,
.so thno
i l l
some pI:lces there
lortg bo
hqu~ rre blocks of m arble)
n r ~ d ~ r ome Irexag mal, a ~ r dn some octago~ral,and it1 s o m a ,
cy l i r rd r i c~ l ,~o that spectators may be ns~ ouud ed t ( the
~ ~ 3 7
beau ty of) the sight, of i t ,n ud when he had built th at mosque
,
h e
pu t in
i
such carpets nnd lamps and oth rr thing s
of
be au ty , tha t cheerful youths used to call ib T he Brid e
of
Heaven. And in th e neigbbourhoud of th a t mo sque
. he
built a school aud coli,,c ,t.d i t tilt: buokg of every (kind
of) wiedotn end elldowed tlret mo6que au d h a t scl~o olwit
(the revenues of) many villagee.
An d aeptb,e Yu ltae-dM .
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hie work with (great) 'enthusiasm , every noble begao t i
build in .hie own pro pe rty mosqoes, schools and rest -houses
for travellers. I n a lithle while many buildings re eu lk d
thqb they could not be counted, And in t,hab journe y, the
Sultan had bro ug ht bird from H ind us tan (which was) like
a dove (and) should any one mix p oi ~o n n th e food and
bripg th a t food , to bhe aesembly, then th at b ird ,would
_ . . I
b r a m b l e ~ , e s t l h l yand ' shad tea s invol,untar,ily. H senb.
bhil w ith a a q y (othe r) o fferings bo th e ~ a i i ~ h ' ~ l - K ' i d r - 0 ' :
Billah of. ~ . a ~ b d s $ .
. , ,
And he had found a, Atone in HindortAd thab, dok ev er
8 .
muoh *
m n
was h ou nd ed , when they ~ c r i ~ e d ' t h s btone
in
:
ator an 'd rpub o 04 bhlb wound, i t would instanbly b e g i i to
. .
h3al:'And in bhiy;ar 400 bf th; Hegira he Rent'ta Baghdad
I
oll of conqbesbs in'whidh all
( hh )
conqueate of Hindintan
k e ie writ ten.
~ h e ~ a l i p h
f Raghd'ad, on the da y he iecei've'd
t h a t ' 'assembled a grea t 'gabheridg and draeied thdb
tlldb roll of conq~iestir shou ld be rend 'from . the pulp its
before (all) the people, so that the, people mighb be ' infoihed
of bhe exaltation "of th e sbandards of Islam and o f ' t h e de-
struction of bhe (very) root of bhe heathen trud return thank8
to God and g reat ly app land Su lta n Milallmud of ,Ghazni, a.hd
pray for hin,( furth er) conquest and victory. And o n . thab
day there wae such rejoicing in Baghdad se one.rejoicee,on
the day
of
the Id-and' (to du) this was (but) fitting,
l inismuch'
ju st a$ 'tbe companions
of
the Pro phe t did .a
(g reat ) work in the cibieo of Arabia, Per8ia;Turkey an d
Syria , such
a.
work did . the Sultan do in Hiudu stan (end)
gai'ned both this world and th e next.
And
in
th e year
412 of
the Heg ira, the wise and pio w
unanimouely petitioned th e St ~l t.r o, ,ryiug: "For a long time
. tbe ,Sulba~ .goaevery year t H i u d ~ ~ e t t t oor a holy wtrr to
gain rew rd in heaven, and there dieplaya the etrrndud of
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Ielam, br~ton bha (very) toad bo bhe Hou sa of
G d
kc,
Mecca) th e dwellere iu th e deeert, and th e Kluamatao hnva
gaioed th e asc6ndanay and th e Abbusi Caliphe have no
power, eo Muenlmans .lmvecremained (eo) unfortuna te (ar to
lose) the reward of pilgrimage. f e o m e t h i ~ gwould be
done to help them i t wor~ldlbewell.
T b e Sulturn rrocepted bheir war& (of advice) (an d) made
one Abu Mu ham mad Naaahi, who wm bhe.bead of th e Qa'zie
of
th e Sulturn'e domieiooe, Lord of th e Pilgrims ,
s d
gave
him bhirty thoueaod piecee of gold for those dwellere in tb e
t a p .
deeert who used
to
attack th e osravane aud eeut liim
to
t h e
House .)fGad, aod m3oy people, noMea nnd poor slrd derti-
tut e, grea t s o d am rll ,et er kd with him. Afber many marcher
dwellers. in th e deeert, eocordiog to their anc ient cnetom,
were holdiog th e road and would ,lot allow th e carnvan 1
ad van ce . Qeei Ab11 Mullalnmad Neeahi, as peace-offering,
eent them five tlto~rsaadpiecee of gold, and esid to them
Take thie and leave bhe road (open) to ue.
The chief of Lhe dw tlle re in the dr se rt , whose oem e
w s Hum ad-bin-Ali, would 11ot mak e pence elrd prep ared
hi8 force and advanad with
be
i ~ t e o t i o ~f. raiding
towards the oatavea.
1
ohaooed tbat in
the
a m v a n t bere
wos a Turk eleve r h o ass very ekilful a b archery; he drov e
en srrow
t
Hamad and r ~ r n o k im fa ir i n the bead, u l d
h
fell headlong from h i horee.. Imm ediately t he deuerb
men
ook bb body
ao d fled.. .
Qmzi Abu Mubammad Nasahi, with heart
b
ootlCioned hie pilgrimage aide md mnnd,
a d
n puse
rskrrned (home).
And in tbab very year, tb at h in the
yeai 42
f bbe
Begin, tlw $ u l kn h e u d
b h
bbe in fid eb of E indruCro
bad
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8 pqkeq very,
i ll o f th eR ej a r f Ka oauj , who was ca lled K ora b ,
, r
'and
bJad blam ed him, aayitlg: "W hy ha ve yon obe yed th e
-1 l i
order s of Strltau 'Mullmud
?
u ~ ~ dutlda, the
Ryjs
of
,TCqli~~jt ~ p r e ~ j e da t d killed Kot.aI1.
4
, . .
P L ~
W he s t119 Sul tan h e k d illin od;h he p iepa red a la rg er
force th an (he Itad) the' first titn e au d \;errti af tb r Nan d; to
H i n d ue t an W h e n h e re ac he d t h e e iv er J u n , t h e g ~ a u d e o n
,qf J,qipqI, >lvfi .,%e of th e Punjab , ,who h ad of ten f led
from Llie Sult an, adv anc ed to help N an d a to the ce nt re of
,(I
bhe Snltarc'tl lruutei
to
.opp?se th e $u.ltau's ar m y. B u t th e
. n al e r 3 9 s d ~ b pa~lB) .guuuc .c.rild cross to , t h e o th e r
.bmIr
. .
, '
3 . . , .
B u d d e u l y e@b of. t h e
sultan'^
.picked ~ l a v e e ,rossed the
.
. .
~ybber.with u r u e b , , a ~ ~ dliqy threw fbe whole of t b e a r m y
.of .$uipal'e g r u ~ ~ d s o nnko coofiieiou atld made them fly
kefo re k l~e rn , )Juipml'a grt lt~ dsu n wi(ll~ few me n fled a n d
'tbe
igbIl)
el t~veswunt on , and ~ k g r e as a ci ty near and th e1
plundered i b n o d d e u ~ r u j e d
,iy
templed, aud i shou ld be
L'vidcub to the wis,e t h a t
cigllt
.(clleve) youths,csooot:break
I
all a rmy, bu t ~ h u e e igh t slavee .wcre ( iu reul i ty) ,nob les (aud)
P-1 F .
..,
1 :
) 1 i 3o r o u e d ?dl t he ir o s s f ir ce s, a n d ~ l l e i e f v i e i ley h a d
: qc I
d o n e . s o
.
g r e k t . a wuvk;"From tllub pluae be took h iB a r k y
t 6 w a r d e K . \ l i ~ ~ j s r .ande wi th 36,000 m o u n t e d ' men aud
.
45,000
CiboL~~~uun d G40 e l e p l l u ~ ~ l an~ l ie u t to (give) ba l t le
t o tlre S u l ~ n l ~ ,
Tile S ~ Ian bscended ti 1;illock a bd sut veyed th e a r m y
o f LUaada ;
as
i t h y p r u d . Lu 11inl,(bo be).very g r k t (in:
~kqrnber) 110 ercgrobted lravipg com e ; Ile beub his .head in
p r a y a b i p n .
uud
pr iye d fur viotvry. an d conquest to Clod. b
happened th a t . th a t u ighb a g reab pan ic ,f ee l on , t be h e u b -
,of,
Naugu ; l ~ eef t ail
hiu
property trod .war material, and
3 ; ....
rum psi, led
riwtiy.
. , .
..
' ,.
,
, . , ,
,
. I
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(.
. 'Netb
-day bhe
king
.?iouhbed {bie hqyes) add:fiiob
he
'Page 41,
eearohed for- (a;*) pfapee Urambus)l;ad ,when.L h 6 i f e ~ ( o f ,
-
Eieaobel'j; end deceit .on the'pritb'ol t ~ h e e t h e n ~ ~ w a a ~ ~
I
,pelled,
be
b,egan:to p l u d ~ e ~ . rr. + '
b i l ~ i l.
.
..
..
IT kinde and eorta and v&iet?& of tbih gi fall ihto
hende of the Muealman eoldiere Aleo in those pwtcu they
f0i.i 58 elephants in e foreat. And
e
h e waa h o i a t ed8d
in hie mind regarding tbe Punjab (whichS\;ae) i n his'-
he
I (was . ptiflfied,... thab
.
ye9y w j l t (lyv ing pone) that-wo rk
.
L4I.i.
. -
,
, .
.-',)
.A
taod), etaped to , ,
.
r b . . . , .
..
, ?d c:*.,w
2r . i
: rd
, ,.Againi :i n thdae
:,.roigtd4ye
peva. l;esc.he , i tp @,b t b
N p L e o f
Fi rab
,
B I ~N a t d i "
,.
w , b j p h a r e ; c ~ ~ n $ $ : ~
~h
.,ithiti thd knit* f Hiodustan. lla dn qt pln,qed: o @ tJ y ,k l t~ + :
de m ob th e i r necke abd :hsd. u i q e d t h e i r . : b e ~ ~ $ . q ( t y q ~ d
f r o b : i h e o r d e p o f :
tha.
lave , of
Y
u ~ ~ ~ q q ~ ,q,yhPq kp
pe&e;-(ahd> were w e t l y ieda lgin g, b,idolgtryi,,;
.,,;I
.,I,,
Tlie S ulltan tabk $ith hini'.&~r
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36/65
: A nd in t2le.year'4lP of th e H eg ir a he dotermined (bo
go) bo Ceshmere, sod he (therefore) beeieged T~ohkob, s
Rpetlb one m onth there , bu t they were firm ( in t hei r defence)
rind L I I ~rrrud of tho Scl lt an wae no t (victorious) over them.
e
retired from th at place (and ) went to L aho re (a nd ) 8enb
hie brmy in every direction to plunder and raid ( a ~ ~ d )hey
collected an extrem ely g rea t qriantity of ( d l eorte of) pro-
perty and goode,
And on thab occaeion when the grandeon of Ja ip a l had
become weak he flud lo th e Raja of Ajmere. T h e S u k a n
went and c aptured Lahore and entrueted i t to a truetworth y
noble, and th e other parts of the P ~ ln ja b e (aleo) en tr u ep d
to trustworthy and Injal
men
and he held his hand frbm
plunder and begun to cherieh and th e rninda o f t h e
peopla, and h e lefb hi ea rm y io th at oountry and publiebed
t h e khutba (eermoo) in his name, an d in th e fiieb
.
(beginning) of eprinp; he wenb to Cthaani.
And in the year 413 of th e Heg ira, on th e way -to
Lahore, he determined to
go
bo th e coun try of Nanda,
When he reached the fort of Gwalior he made arrarlgemente
to
blookade it, Afte r four daye the raja of th at fort se nt
t
him very intelligent messengers w ith (an offering.of)
thirty-five elepbanta (and) made peace with him,
T he Sultan started frcm tha t place for Kalinjrr wbere
.Na nda abode. N and a eent 8 e1ephant.s ae en offering) for
.pence. When the Sulta n had accept.ed th e elep han te,the
.raja turned 411 tire elephants, without their attendante,
looee in th e p1ai.o. T he Su ltan gave orde rs to bis T u rk s
and they seized bhem ell and mounted upon th em , and th e
people of the forb
were
eeboandd ab
bherre.,
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h d Ne nde in. thg H io du bongue oompooed ,s
poqm
in
preia e of th e Sultarr an d eenb i t to him. Th e Su lta n
ahow ed thab poem to tbe learned men of Binduetan aa d of
Arabi a e n d of Perbia (an d) Itbey all cried bravo e n d
well done.
The S ul tan wee very pleeeed and ga ve him a commieeioa
8 ru l e r o f f i f t e e ~~ortreesea, of which one wan the fort of
Kalinjar (iteelf) together wi th (m any ) other presentr.
Ntrlrda aleo preeented to l.Ile Sultan much riches and many
pearle (and) then the Sultan sta rted back to Ghazni and
arriv ed th er e safely.
And in the year 415 of th e H egi ra he took m ust er of
th e army. Wibhouk (counting) th a t arm y \vbich wae in
(~ iie tan t) ro vi uc e~ hey wrote with petre (upon th e mueter;
..
rolle) 54,000 mounted men and 300 elephante, and with thab
~ p l e n d o u rof rebinue) he started for Balkh.
Ab thab tim e the people of Maw ar-ul-Nahr com plain ed
of th e r ule (lib, han d) of Alitagin. T he Su lta n croaeed tb e
Jni hun river, determined to remove him. T he nobles of
Ma wa r-ul-N ahr cam e oub to receive him a n d t;rougbb
e ~ l u
offering6 worthy of th eir poaitione (lib. eelvee).
A n d Yusuf
K e d a r Kh an, who was King of all Ttlrkeetan, aleo oame to
rw eiv e him. He w ~ eranted an in terv iew wibh the '~ul tea ,
(who received him ) with greab affection a n d friendship,
T h e Sultan wae gre,rtly pleased (with him ) an d they held
(varioue) ssaembliee and presented to one an othe r offerivge
and rrri t iee and pl rt ed with peace, and (with well) pleased
(minds.) When Al itag in IeIbttIb th ie newe h e fled .,T he Strlt.an
r n b man aRer him m d cap ta red h im and broughb ig
bwk
And Ile p ot t:t te re on lritn (a nd ) confined him in a
(ce rta in) fortreee of EIiud ustan, an d he llimeelf marched
t
bqzni
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: . :CA.~bbk
v i i j j a r
ia..4 l b o f ,he B i g i n , doe n e
k i c
&$mti t ioo
ti
him
. saying)
thab
:
" T h e : ~ i n & e
i
~ b k a
Ay
b a b
when eouls become
-
eeparated
fro
k d i e ;
biieji.til tl .go
k
d o service
to
Sornnakh, and tthab.h&e
every eoul ie m d e over
bo
the body (most) suitnble (to ib) :
~d & k& ot he r belief of th e Hin dus ie this, thab th e ebbing
a d d flowing of bhe ocean ie for th e worship
ef
Somnath.
d n d t h e ~ r a h m s n a ' e a y hab S om ilath w a e very angry witb
6boa&i86Ia .%hich Su lta a. 3i ah mud bad &oke'n dn a t8ekefo rs
t ia di ob helped tbein,
sr
el'- i n th e twinklfng of an
~ g b 6
would have
destroyed
them ell
i.e.,
the Sl~ ltnn 's orces).
*&&
r o o W : o f t hei r belfefa i s t h , thh Sorntlath is a ,EiLg,'. and
f b ~ ' @ l l s t h i r ido l r a re h is db'6r-keepers.anrd ' w a t c ~ m e & ; ' ~ ~ ~ ~ '
. ,, . . .
.
.* < : , - , . ..* . . .
.
~ h d nh e Su lta n +a: informed
of
this ia t t e f h,e.made
.%rrn 6mlve io m quer 8dPnath.)0 tl th e 10 th
d pf
h i j
month
.
o f ~ h a b k ' s d a r
..
he ebarted
.
for Someath mith a oh&&:.
h~ i> .
ar m y end with 30;000 mounted men, wair ibrs of the k i t h ,
who bad
619;
fro? Turkes tan and oth er
'?3; . F
,
thdb (o.~~.;S~mn'a;tli)' e a gieat city on.the
.$ . 1 ,
. ?
l & & y ; an d ' i t ' i e i h e (chief) $a& of wo*ship of & th e
B i d -
.
m a o i * & (at&ye'f)'Gheatl~en and (t he ido l) Sbmnabh
was:
i i e # f n thab$&$. ~ n d ' i bs'kald ted in bihtories t6rrb:pbdple,
tbert i&e of the ' ' i rophea of the l s a t ~ e r io d , n
w m
b
peke
h& &ugh( a g r e a t idol named Somnabh frdm the.
t(sa ir'(i.
o;;Macca), and had tak en i t to th a t place and had
Zoun&e& ttrat..city in ite name. B u t i t wmild ap pe ar' fro m
t h e booM'af:the first (of the): Brahm ane, which books were
o t i d ~ i ~ i d ' r - ~ t h o d i a n dea re be fo re . * (~ hd-enf t a l a m , tb a t
i t
dd*. , , .
bfiel
accouib js not
trur.
~ n d e e d , t h b ~ * ~ & &lmt thab idd l ia-
'of . the tim'e 'of.Krisboa, nnd ~ h n t ' i s k i u r l ~ ~ u e a n d'brs (itgo$
&a d tbe'B[ ahm aoa uaed t o worehip i b and rrccurdii~gto
tl ii.
vetrioo of th e Brehmane, Kriehna dieappeared (from ear th) '
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n bhab very place. Th e Su ltan on Ghe 15 th of ohe ~ o m e a i ,
which Pa tha ns call the mon th of fashing, reached M ultan .
'As lie was adv an ting a waterless and grasslese deeerb
app eared before I~ irn , o the Sulta n ordered thab each one
ehould cmrry wnter and gram with him. And a s a precautiorl
,the Sa lta n Irimself loaded twerttsy thousand sele cted. car neb
'with water and grass. When bliey had bravera ed'that deso-
r w 46.
late, wilderness they reached th e city of bjm ere.
And th e raja of thab place had witlidrawn from th e road
(a,))
the soldiers of the S u lt ar ~ begau to d a y 8nd plut~de r .
'
B u t (as) their objecb was to deslro y Som natli, the y d id notl
wait to ca rrf . tlie fort of d jm er e, (but) wenb on au d
beized
t h e road before them . Aud d uring tlrjs they cam e .up61r
rnd n) fo rts full of brave nlen bub all were filled with fear,
~ ud ?v it b ou b nyth ing (in t lie way of fighting) they agreed
(to hckno \+lidge th e Sultau'e rule), after thob lie ' reached
.
? Jabrwala and found th a t ci ty em p ty , (so)' th e Sulbaa ord ere d
(his men)
to go and fetcli from th at city muc h graes.
W hen tiley had g one and fetched th e" gr ds 8t he j rret ou6
quickly, and with tho t~tmosb pedd reached ~o rnnabh."
And bhere, on the seashore, they saw a greab fortreee (80
grea t) tbab a man worild think thab its su m m it touched the
sky a i d the waters of ~ l ~ eea warred wit11 ite walle, (abd)
-
many infidels were seated on it s surnmib gazing ab t h e
% usalm~ns. And they were crying wiLh loud voicee,
.
S o m ~ n t h as led jorl here, so tha t with one blow he ma y
d a y you all, and he will now ta ke his revenge for all the
,
.
idols you have broken in Hindustan."
Nexb day as th e e uu
I
rose the Sul tan issued orders to h is army, (and) t h e y a d n b
e tra ighb t o t he base of t he walls of t he f o rt to figbb. ~ h e l
the H ind us saw bheir bravery and courage they lefb th e
.
a m h i t of the fort , for fear of th e archers , (aud) all'
fle
to
the idol-h ouse s aod begged aid from Som nath .
L > .
*
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hebfu m.a.a pian ted lidd er s '.nd climbed , bo the
bummib of the forb, and with loud voices chaobed, God i
g*wb
1
Th e Hindue also unanimously opposed them, an d
they fought together the whole dny. 'W h en night came
both armiee rented, and nexb day th e battl e joined in th e
Orme way (and) unbil n ig h t they were themeelvee oub (and)
they killed, many heatben. O n. th e tbird day many arm ier
m m e from (all)
pat te
of Hind ue tan and drew themeelvee
u p i s linee outside on th e plai~l. T he Sultan lefo eome to
Cowry on) the siege and the reeb went ond ga ve batble on
th e plain. And by the coming of th e Chiefs of Pram dev an d
Dsbiehlim, th e Musalmane' strength failed. T h e Su ltan
in
gre at prief went
to a
corner and eeized th e mantle of Abul
Jawno
Kharkani, and prayed t o the preeence of the P u re
God for victory and cooquest.
Then he came to the cen tre
s hie liue and chargod upon th e intidele. vicbory 'w as hie
deetiny, and he elen five bhou'eitld heretiol. n d khe o fear
overcame the people of
1 11s
oib, they l e h the fightiog an d
h e ~ r e i m a n e od attendante of Sorrnabh, who were aboub
four thoueand, went to the b nk of tbe sea Aman ran seated
Obemeelvee in
bo ts
and sta rted towards th e island Ssrandip,
.Lee,
Veyloil), Bub th e Sultan had previouely .bboughb of thin
nod had pested eeveral ehtpe filled with eoldiere on the way
Swandip. Wlleo
to
them the sllipe of the hea then a p
peared'bhey pursued them (nod) eank th em a ll in th e waber. .
The n th e Su ltan with hie eons and noblee enbered bhe forb
and viewed all ite buildinge.
.
.Afrer th at (he saw) in th e fo rt an idol-houee which h ad
Ppen builb long an d broad, tlla t i t had fifty-six pillare.aod
all ,were stu dd ed with jewels.
@nd , mn rth was a n idol of atone five yarde l u g , of
i n o
yard , were in the a r t b an d bbfee yarde oub.? W hen
th e Sultrp'r
gem
fell on th e idol be
had a
b bbleme
in
h
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h a n d an d etrack jb so in th e fane thnb he broke
the
face,
k f t e r bhab.he
gar;
brdbra (*ad) todk two pieces froul it
( +n dj s en t th em to O l ~ e z ~ ~ i .lue he put ill
bl lu
doorw~ry f
.
t h e Fr ida y moeq'l~e, nd 'oh e obhcr he pub ill ' the palaco of
' t h e ~ b ; ~ ' eud ie tlc s ha1 1
.
.
. , , , I
, - ,
: Fo r six hundred yeere thoee pieces (of the l$y
;
bberq end.peoplp used to see them.
.
And. he separated two mura pieces'of S o m n a ~ ~ hnd-senb
bhein to Mbccs and Mediua (s o ) ' t h ~ t hey rnighb p lt~c-.l~ern
in the-mairi roads thab poor 'a n d ~ r e a b . ighh wulk ovey
th'em.
, . . f , . :
And this etory is ( a h ) true thab nt t'he ti me he waH
.going to break So m n~ \ tb ,
band of
B r a h n ~ h n ~ppeal6d to
t
th e uoblee 6 aJ i t~ g) : If the S u l t ~ npill
nob
break thia idhl
we i i l i pay 80 m11c11into the St tt te t . i e e ~ u r ~ . ' ' 'lld t~oblee
.
'approvrd t f t h ~ e a g y e s t i ~ , ~ ~nd athid to' ~ l l e
S L I I ~ H I I
b B
t h e breaking of thia 'idu l ido latry will nob be lost to thie
co uu iry , en d if wealth be ttiken inebead o f
i
many Mu@al-
mane will benefib by'it."
,The Su lta n said Your worde ar e
I
ue, buh
i f
I d o this
h y . c?.
@ ing .people \oil call me M al~ mn d, the idael-sell~r, nnd
if I
hreak
i
they will call me M a h n ~ a d , he idol-breaker,'
Now i t i s
be tter tha t both in tohieworld and the next they
.
hould call me ' th e id o l- b re aker .' po t th e ,idol-eel14 r,
I:;
and bhe advantage of the firm fnitb ~ ) fhe Sultqn w ~ n ,l at.
(when) he broke that idol eo malty royal p ~ a r l ~ ,ame o u t
. ~f
its
belly-bbab they were
a
hu nd red t#i,men mpr e tha n th e
Brahm ane' price (which th ey had offered.)
And
i h
is written in the Hebib-ul-Siyar tbab
Som
neth ie
the name of th e idol which th e Rind118 ,ecoounb
ohief among ,their idlllrr,.
but
frsbrn the wurdj. of S trrikh
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42/65
Farid-u d-D in ALbar i t appears contrary to thie, ae the follo~v-
ing ootiplet itself bea rs witness
:-
'
The
army of
Mahmud s the midat of Somnath
Found an idol
nl~d
t had the n m
f Nalh,
Th at is Som" wae th e nam e of t he idol-lrouee atrd
Nath
wee
tlie idol iu it.'
And to tlie writer of these linee i t appeare t h a t what the
hietorinna have enid ie true, and the Sheikll'e words are uob
cot11 ad ict ory, because tlrie word (S omnath ) is a compound
,
cf So m atid N ~ t l r , ' btld dom was the name of
n
raja wlro consLructcd tlie idul ut.d
''
XaLlr
ws s
the uame of
t h e idul. Lat er , by reaeon of it e co net at ~t use, Lot11 became
one nnme, au d i t was ueed the namo of the idol an d aleo
.
of the idol-houeo aud also of the tit ..
No, if anyotre
page 63.
calla tlio name of th e idol Somuatlr or aaye
Nat h
I
alolre
both a r e equal, nnd Net h iu tlie Hin di botrgue mealle
vetrerable."
And
in the temple of So mn ath on nights or daye when
th e moon or th e eun is eclipsed more tha u two or thr ee