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1920s Street Scene
The Jazz Age
Going to the Movies Wishing on the Stars: growth of Hollywood influence Escaping together
New American Heroes: Sports & Individual Triumphs From Babe Ruth to Charles “Lucky Lindy” Lindbergh
New Rhythms in the Air: Jazz, Blues, and the Charleston
The Harlem Renaissance, “A Literary & Artistic Movement” Proclaimed that African Americans would no longer accept second-class
citizenship in any area of American life
Time to Read….& Advertise
Americans had more time on their hand and more education that any previous generation
Mass Media: the methods by which information and entertainment are transmitted to large numbers of people; includes newspapers, TV, and radio
Books, Magazines, Newspapers
Syndicates: chains of newspapers under centralized direction
Editorials, sports, gossip, and Sunday features
Tabloid Newspapers: attempted to sell papers by publicizing scandals or fads
New Era of Consumer Goods
B/w 1923 and 1929, American workers saw their real income rise 11%
Now Americans had more than enough money to live on and they could buy more of the goods they produced
The decade began with a short but sharp economic depression in 1921 Unemployment that year reached 5.73 million;
for the rest of the decade, it hovered around 2.5 million
Wage increase seen in: manufacturing and public education; but income decreased in mining and agriculture
New Consumer Goods
Using Ice for Packaging Food
New Type of Packaging
New Household Products
Vacuum Cleaners Washing Machines
Improved Standard of Living
In the 1920s, many middle-class American consumers improved their standard of living* *The material well-being of the
individuals or groups in a society
Necessities and luxuries were more available and affordable
In 1927Americans owned 4 out of 5 of the world’s cars, averaging 1 motor vehicle for every 5.3 persons
For Some…. The Model T….
Poverty
1. Low wages unemployment combined to drive many American families into poverty
2. Farmers and other workers suffered when the goods they produced dropped in price
3. Hardships for coal miners and textile workers as occurred in the 1920s
Electricity & Fashion are evil!!!
4. For the first time in a century, overall factory employment decreased
5. A third of American families lived below minimum levels for a decent life
PovertyFor the Rest of
America…..
The Lost Generation
Materialism: society placed more importance on $ and material goods than it did on intellectual, spiritual and artistic concerns
Leaving the US Behind: Expatriates moved to
Europe: Gertrude Stein, Ernest
Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald
Criticizing the US from within: John Dos Passos, Sinclair
Lewis, H.L. Mencken
Clashing Cultures
In 1920s, electrical current needed to run machines became more widely available, not just in the houses of the wealthy, but also in the homes of many average Americans
Rural America, especially in the South were not electrified for years
Farming & Agriculture Electricity
Clashing Cultures
Rural people, especially in the South and Midwest, remained faithful to their churches
When large #s of farmer migrated to cities during the 1920s, they brought fundamentalism with them – it helped to make sense of their new lives
Evangelists – modern aspects of fundamentalism Used radio to reach people
The Scopes Trial Evolution vs. The Bible
Fundamentalism: a movement that affirmed the literal truth of the Bible
Tradition New-Age
Automobile Industry
Garages, filling stations, hot dog stands, restaurants, tearooms, tourists’ roadside camps –all sprang into existence only after the automobile industry
Changed the face of the country
Highways & Roadways
Villages along the new automobile routes thrived
Villages along the railroad lines began to disappear
At the end of WW1, the US had just 7000miles of concrete roads
By 1927, a network of 50,000 miles was growing at the rate of 10,000 miles each year
Automobility
Effect of Auto-mobility
Road-Side Tourist Lodge Gas Station
Leisure Activities
Beach Life
Listening to the Radio
Leisure Time
Coney Island Family Sunday
New Fads
Flagpole Sitting Contests Dance Marathons
Selling America, “New Ways To Buy”
In 1918, there were 29,000 such stores
By 1929 there were 160,000
Lost their main advantage of convenience w/ the automobile and people started to go to chain stores
Chain Stores Corner Stores
Chain Stores
A & P Safeway
Chain Stores
Piggly Wiggly JC Penney’s
New Ways of Buying
In 1928, 85% of furniture, 80% of phonographs, 75% of washing machines and radios, and 70% of refrigerators were bought on credit* *Putting money down and paying the balance in installments
Advertising a New Lifestyle
A premium was placed on youth – adults tried acting like children instead of young people modeling themselves on their elders
Youth came to mean stylishness – young people became the models for fashion, dress, music and language
The Gibson Girl
The Flapper
New Entitlement for Women
Old Schools versus New Schools
Laboratories in Schools
1920: Band-Aid Bandages
1921: Electrolux Vacuum Cleaners and Chanel No. 5 Perfume
Perfume Vacuum
1922: Readers’ Digest published
1923: Electric Razor
1924: Kleenex (originally called Celluwipes)
1925: Scotch Tape
1926: Cork-centered Baseballs
1927: Baby Ruth candy bar and Wonder Bread
1928: Gerber Baby Food
1929: Kodak 16mm color movie film