1944 Transit Study Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

8/20/2019 1944 Transit Study Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

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C: 05 f . :. \ N S I T S T U D Y · 1 9 4 4A N G E L E S M E T R O P O L I T A N A R E A

BUSINESS DISTRICT ASSOCIATION

HELLMAN BLDG. LOS ANGELES 13, CALIF.

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2/41

MICH A EL F. SH A N NO N , Pres id ent

E U G EN E P. CL A RK V i ce-Pres id ent

FRE D L. M OW DER Secretary

J AM E S R . M ARTIN Treasurer

Consulting Engineers

ST U A RT M. BA T E

LEEDS & BARNARD

DIRECTORS

Charles Baad

C . E . B a ll

Rt . Re v. Jo h n J. Cantwell

No rm an Ch and ler

E u gen e P. Clark

M . G. Eshman

Roger Goodan

P. B . Harris

W m. Rh od es H erv ey

H art I saacs

H. D.lvey

R. H. Lacy

Beach D. LyonJ ames R. Mar ti n

J o sep h Mes mer . .Fred L. Mowder

R. P. M cReyn o ld s , M.D.

Stuart O'Melveny

D. W . Pontius

V i ct or H. Rossetti

Robert A. Rowan

J. F. Sartori

J . W. Schneider

Michael F. Shannon

O s car A. Smith

Walter P. StoryWm. B.Stringfellow

J ames G . W arren

E. U. Wheelock

P. G . Winnett

John G. Zobelein

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C!Ctntral1Jju~int!)~1!\i~trict ~~~ociation

324 H. W. HELLMAN BUILDI NGLOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Phone MUtual 2917

OrganizeC: 1924Fo r Mu tu a l Benefit of

Business and Property In terestsIn Centr a l B usin es s District

Board of Directors,

Central Business District Association,

Los Angeles, Calif~rnia. S C R T It I . ' ~ R A R Y• • & " f . ~

This is a report concerning transportation in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area.

It summarizes the principal results of the Association's work not only during the

first half of the current year but also a substantial amount of the work of the staff

each year since 1940.

It has been apparent ever since the publication of the transportation reports

which resulted from the exhaustive surveys and analyses of 1938 and 1939 that the

findings and recommendations of these reports entailed further work and study as

to the details of parkway use and coordination of such use with existing transit

facilities.

These matters were again brought prominently before the people of the Metro-

politan Area in November of 1943 by publicity given the filing of applications with

the State Railroad Commission for operation of coach lines on the parkways. The

need for issuance of the Association's studies and findings became quite apparent.

In addition, both the City Planning Commission and the Regional Planning Com-

mission published reports dealing with either parkways or their use.

Definite plans are in process of drafting for the construction features of the

first priority parkways. A summary report only could be undertaken at this time.

Basic data and analyses will follow in due course. It is hoped that this brief statement

and general plans will be of assistance to the governmental agencies and authorities

drafting the constructive plans.


3/41

T HIS Association and the Los Angeles Traffic Association werecooperating agencies in the preparation of "A Transit Program for the

Los Angeles Metropolitan Area" published the latter part of 1939. Again,

in 1940, a joint report was issued covering traffic conditions on Hill Street

through the Central Business District. In 1941, we report ed on t he use

of the Arroyo Seco Parkway by motor coaches. In 1942, we cooperated

with the City Planning Commission on "Mass Transit and the Master Plan

of Parkways." Part of our 1943 Annual Report was devoted to transpor -

tation and parkways.

These activities were primarily the result of specific requests from

governmental agencies for use of data and personnel in connection with

their planning assign~ents.

In order to bring out the status of the various units of the overall park-

way system plannec!. for the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area, the program

for construction as agreed upon by the City, County, and State, f irst pri-

ority units to be constructed as soon as materials become available, and

more particularly how the parkways are to be utilized to make them avail-

able to all the people in the area - those who use public hansit as well as

those who drive their own automobiles - this Transit Report is presented,

without exhaustive analyses or discussions.

We had before the war an existing public transit system serving over

a million riders each day and adopted plans for a system of parkways de-

signed to serve the metropolitan area. The question now arises - to what

extent do existing facilities meet present and prospective needs and to

what extent are we justified in utilizing the parkway system for mass transit

purposes?

These considerations have led to studies and recommendations by reg-

ulatory bodies, planning agencies, and individuals, as well as service or -

ganizations such as the C entral B usiness District Association. It is in ther-

light of such studies and recommendations that the proposals contained in

this report are submitted.


4/41

Letter of Tra nsm itta I .

S ta te me nt Regar di ng Thi s Repor t .

Table of Contents .' .

Aliso Street Viaduct and Connections .

Initial Parkway Routes .

First Priorities for Parkway 'Constr uction .

Com posi te Par kw ay Pla n - Com par ison City and County .

Sketches of Various Parkway Structur es .

A rr oy o S ec o E xte nsio n - R oa dw ay s a nd Tr affic .

Santa Ana Parkway Deta ils .

Types of Cross Sec ti ons i n 'Parkway Construction .

Rel ati on of " H" Line t o H ol lywood Par kw ay a t Ve rm ont A ve nue .

./ Tra ns it Route s Sugge st ed i n 1942 Progr ess Report .

O lympic Boule va rd - M aj or Str ee t N ea r Bever ly G le n Boule va rd .

Major Traff ic Street Plan of 1924 Related to Parkway System .

V ie ws of End 'of Line Transfer Facil it ies....... .

Thr ough Route s V er sus Tra ns fe rs - Propose d Route s .

Parkway Detai ls - Street Crossing O ver D epr essed Parkway .

Cross T own and Feeder Service - Present and Proposed .

Pacific Ocp-a n Beach Views .

..-/ Transit Lines to. Pacific Ocean Beaches .

Parkway Transfer and Stop Arrangement .

Tim e a nd D is ta nc e Fac tors f or Tra ns it Lines .

Views of Places of Interest in Los Angeles Area .

Points of Interest in Relat ion to Parkway System .

.V ie ws of Rai l Line Right s- Of -Way Conve rs ions t o H ighw ay U se .

Rail Line Rights-Of -Wa y 'Conversion to Highway Use .

Views of Rose Bowl and Hollywood Boulevard .

/M etropolitan C ities and Towns- Parkway Transit Routes .

Views of Arroyo Seco Parkway in Operation .

Exa mple of Oper at ing M et hods - Par kw ay Tra ns it Lines .

Parkway Detail- E ntrance and Exit Ramps .

Selected Findings Regarding This 1944 Transit Study , .

Past and Presen t S urface T ran sit E qu ip ment - Ph otog raph s .

Excerpt from "A Transi t Program for the Los Angeles Metro-

poli tan Are a" - Tra nsp orta tion Eng ine ering Board .

Ac knowled 9 ments .

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8-9

10-11

12

13

14

15

1 6

17

18

1 9

20

21

2 2

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3 1

32

33

34

35

36-37


5/41

AL ISO

WITH

STREET VIA DUCT A ND CONNECTIONS

RAMONA PARKWAY AND SANTA ANA

E N GIN E E R I N G D E PAR T M'E NT. C I T Y 0 F LOS A N GEL E S

L L 0 Y D A L D R I C H. C I T YEN GIN E E R.


6/41

PA RKW A;Y" NTA ANA}S T (H 0 L L Y WOO D

S·: ~ 0 _ H ARB 0 R)E A S T - W E lr TH (A R ROY 0

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.~~.,;~LEGEND WAYS >I NI TI AL PA RK S UR FA CE L IN ES ,-

PA RK W A Y A N D PA RK W A Y L IN E S i J , _INT E RSE CT IN G SU RFACE L INE S \,

INTERSECTING Plan as sho"(~The Parkway "as a p.

NO TE ... P la ~ o f P ark wa Y~ ity P lan~

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Angeles \'s. d by the os 23 1941. \ p.l'O veCom mis sion Jun e •n,ng

Initial

south

t andeast-wes

park way thro ugh

north·

routes.

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f a nd pa rk .Com bi ne d s ur a C; h t w il l use'

transit lin es away

them.

f . terseetionPoints 0 In

ture parkways.

And with

tr~nsit lines.


7/41

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LEGENDPARKWAYS

FIRST PRIORITY PARKWAYS --._--

FIRST PRI.ORITY PARKWAYS

RIGHTS·OF-W AY I,

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ILEGEI\"D __ :t;;U"Rl!SIl H'GHWAY R oorr.:•. RAIL R .AJ>ID T'R A.'1111TRoutt

While substantial' parts of the initial east-west IHolly-

wood-Santa Ana) and north-south IArroyo Seco-Harbor}

through routes are covered in the First Priorities for Park.

way Construction, also incl~ded is the Santa 'Monica

Parkway. westward from its' intersection with the Holly-


8/41

Compar ison of the plans d esigned

by the Los Angeles Tr anspor tation

Engineering Boar d and a p proved

by the City Planning Commission

with plan designed by the County

Regional Planning Commission.

PARKWAYS - CITY PLAN

PARKWAYS - COUNTY PLAN

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9/41

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10/41

F OU R L E VE L S T RU C TU R E

INTERSECTION OF HOLLYWOOD-SANTA ANA AND ARROYO SECO- HARBOR PARKWAY

FOUR LEVEL STRU TURE

INTERSE TION OF

HOLLYWOO

S NT N ND RROYO

SEeO H RBOR

P RKW Y

R MON P R W Y

DET ILS


11/41

SOUTHBOUND TRAFFIC is approaching Los Angeles on new Arroyo Seco extension

and through open cut in Elysian Park - old road at left -City Hall in background.

Adaptability of the facility for other traf-

fic than automobiles is illustrated by the army

trucks shown in the picture.

Service trucks having priority of right-of-

way could utilize, if necessary and desirable,

any or all of the roadways.

It is apparent that use by buses could be

easily confined to the outside traffic lane.

The northbound roadway leading to the

Figueroa Tunnels is seen at the left of the

picture.


12/41

Four-lane traffic arter ie s i n e ac h d ir ec ti on

have bee n des igne d, w he re nec es sa ry . to c a r-

ry heavy t raff ic loads.

Arroyo Seco Extension w il l c ar ry t he hea vy

north-east traffic.

H olly wo od P ark wa y, b etw een F ig uero a

S tre et a nd V erm on t, w ill a cc om mo date th e

c om bin ed lo ad d isc harg ed in to it fro m th e

S an ta M on ic a P ark wa y a nd S an F ern an do

Valley.

Tra ff ic l oa ds m os t likel y to devel op on t he

majori ty of the overall parkway system wil l re-

quire but three t raff ic lanes in each direction.

SOU TH BO UN D TRA FFIC pas sing under Par k Row Bri dge on Ar royo Sec o

Extension - N OR TH BO UN D T RA FF IC o n o ld ro ad th ro ug h p ark tu nn el.


13/41

SOTO STR T OVERP SS· R MON P RKW Y


14/41

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IN PARKWAY CONSTRUCTION


15/41


16/41

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L E G E N D

PARKWAYS

P ACIFIC EL ECTRIC -----

L. A. RAILWAY

L. A. MOTOR COACH

LOCATION

Graphically illustrated here

are the transit routes sug-

gested in the City Planning

Commission 1942 Progress

Report.


17/41

A typical example of a street planned some

~wenty years ago later being built, as popu-

lation increased and attending heavier traffic

loads demanded, into a through route, or

major highway.

A prominent diagonal proposed in the

original major street plan now approximates

the route of the Hollywood Parkway. While

the surface diagonal street was never con.

structed, the artery is now being provided, in

accordance with the early appreciation for its

ultimate necessity" but with parkway and lim-

ited access and grade separation features of

the most modern type.


18/41

To those familiar with the Los Angeles 'Major Street System as it

exists today, it is readily apparent that the majority of the major

streets were planned 20 years ago. They are indicated in this illus-

tration. The parkway system rOlltes closely approximate the major

street locations. The diagonal arteries in the old plan, and, as noted

on the opposite page, in one prominent instance, are now to be built

as portions of the parkway system.


19/41

ILLUSTRATING DELAY AND INCONVENIENCE OF END OF LINE

TRANSFERS NOCESSITATED BY LACK OF THROUGH ROUTES.


20/41

LE GE N DPARKWAYS

C OM BI NE D P AR KW AY

A ND S UR FA CE L IN ES

NO TE ... The P arkw ay Plan as shown

i s " M as ter P lan of P ark ways" as a p-

pro ved by the LQ s _ A ng ele s C it y P la n-

n in g C o mm is si on Ju ne 2 3, 1 94 1.

fed largely with passengers

emanating from beyond the

end of the line by bus feed·

Proposals in this report in-

clude substitution of through

routes for the mere urgently

needed replacements of ex-

isting combinations of sur-

face car lines and feeder

ROUTES. VERSUSI", · . " , ..

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21/41

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22/41

L EGEND

PARKWAY~F EXISTINGREVISION

S ER VIC E P AR KW AY &COMBINED

CEo LINESS UR FA C RO SS TO WN &EXISTING

F EEDER S ER VI CE C ROSS TOW NPROPOSED FUTURE

FEED ER SERVICE PI n as shown i s ; ...

The Parkway a " il.J _ • .•• p. ,- NOT E .•• I of Parkways Cf 'Plan",,; •.•. ~'"" Ma st er P a hn L s A ng el es . Iy ~' c.\

d by t e 0 "3 19.41., >~. ,. ;' prove .. n Jurr" .•• '. ,{,. '~,' _ . 9 Commlsslo .' ' '~~ - '\~. ~;~;-;': __ I,

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. "of a systemProper prOVISIon t'al

' is essen If feeder servIce

o f the park-to the adequacy 0 •

a whole sinceway system as ..• ns

f 'te Iimltatlothere are de Inl

radial through linesas to II

be economica ywhich can

justified.

hare certainIllustrated ere

dditions of crossfuture a '1" to such

feeder faci Itles

town 'hat mayservi ce texisting h

when t enecessary prove

k ay transit par w

S effective.come

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23/41

P CIFIC OCE N E CH

VIEW

LONG

BE CH

C LIFORNI


24/41

PAC I F I C!..,~""

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PARKWAYS

T H RO U GH T RA N SI T

ROUTES

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NO TE ... T he P ar kw ay P la n a s sh ow~\is

" M as te r P la n o f P a rk wa ys " a s ap pr oY lI'd by the Lo s An gel es Cit y Pla nn in g C or lot-

m is si on J un e 2 3, 1 94 1.

In the planning of exte~sive

improvements for the Pacific

Coast Beach communities,

Playa del Rey to Palos Ver-

des, auxiliary parkways, or

access roads, connecting

these beaches with the gen-

eral overall parkway system,

were made a part of the

Beach Plan.

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Illustrated here is the man-

ner in which these auxiliary

parkways will be utilized by

the parkway t ransi t l ines.

Planning for fast, convenient

service at reasonable cost is,

indeed, in order in view of

the anticipated future use

of the beaches.


25/41


26/41

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Illustrated here is a compar-

ison of time and distance of

existing transit facility

schedules as against the

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"H~'~~'. AIRPORT

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transit service. Figures in the

outer circles indicate time (in

minutes) required by exist.

ing transit facility schedules;

and the figures in the inner

circles ind icate estimated

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27/41

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28/41

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0-Tt'IE WA L I8 U

L EG EN DPARKWAYS

PA RK A N D RE CRE A TIO N

FACILITIES

AIRPORTS

E D UCA T IO N A L A N D CIV IC

INSTITUTIONS

-- NO TE .•• The Par kw ay Pla n as sho wnis " M as te r P la n o f P ar kw ay s" a s a p- pro ved by the Los Ang ele s Cit y Pla n-

n in g Co mmis s io n J u ne 2 3, 1 9 4 1.

Parkways already construct-

ed, those under construction,

as well as first priority routes

of the overall parkway sys-

tem reach many of these

points of interest, pleasure,

and necessity, and plans for

providing mass transit serv-

ice should be undertaken

without delay.

POINTS OF INTEREST- PUBLIC GATHERING

PLACES - EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC.I··:~··"· ..


29/41

HUNTINGTON DRIVE - PACIFIC ELECTRIC

RAILROAD COMPANY - RIGHT OF WAY

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT SCHEME FOR SANTA FE RIGHT OF WAY

~'** t c . 1~ \~~< :" ~~""'7"""'~

SANTA FE RAILROAD RIGHT OF WAY THRU MAN-HATTAN, H ERMOSA AND REDONDO BEACHES


30/41

CONVERSIONS!. ,.. ~

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PARKWAYS

RA I~ LINE RIGHTS-OF-WAY

T O BE CO N V ERT E D FO R

A U XILIA RY PA RK W AY U SE

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NO TE .•. T he P ar kw ay P la n as s ho w~is " Ma ster P la n o f P ark way s" a s a p~

pro ved by the Los An gel es Cit y Pla nlning Commis si on J un e 2 3. 1941. \

.....l

. . . . ./• . . . .. : • .

. • . ~• . . . .

Abandonment of any railline rights-of-way permits

these areas to be developed

for other than transportation

purposes. They most desir-

ably should continue to be

used for tr ansportation pur-

poses. Where transportation

needs do not warrant their

use, they should be reserved

for the very definite future

need.


31/41

ROSE BOWL - PASADENA, CALIFORNIA

HOllYWOOD BOULEVARD- HOllYWOOD. CALIFORNIA

N E E D S

A N D

P O S S I B I L IT IE S

P A R K W A Y

T R A N S -I T

S E R V I C E


32/41

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L E GE N D

PARKWAYS

CITY BOUNDARIES

METROPOLITAN

While a c ert ain portion of

the war-time inflated popu-

l ation can be expected t o

return to their former homes,

others will remain and settle

either in Los Angeles or sur-

rounding cities and towns.

This illustration brings out

the manner in which parkway

transit routes will serve the

population centers in the

whole metropolitan area.

____I

3 \


33/41

In this view of the Arroyo

Seco Parkway opposing traf.

fic proceeds on different

levels separated by railing

and planted slope. Only

three lanes of traffic in each

direction are required.

To avoid congestion and de·

lay where Traffic loads are

heaviest, as in t he case of

Arroyo Seco Extension pic-

tured to the left, four lanes

of traffic in each direction

are afforded. Mass transit

use is illustrated by coach in

right hand lane.


34/41

B um lN U.R PARI\VAY••• _ NO LOCA LH OP~

tROSS - TOVN

ARTlRY

tROSS - TOVN

ARH .RY

R u m L t.AVr..nu, P A R K V A Y

TO D IH R IR U H . PA m :.N Lb R SA T S T lJ P S O N L[][AL ~ T R t. .m

IN T l .l l D O V N T O V N D I S T R I C T

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3 B E 5 E 5 B E ~illllilni

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PASSlNGlRS AUGln AT MAJOR

TRAN~~lR P[JINTS TO mNTINUl

Tl-l ll R JOURNl Y T O Dlm NAT ION~ I MIL'-

[ IN l ITl-l lR S IDl [ ]~ P ARKVAY.

NU STU PS RlT Ull N TRAN ~~ lR POINT S

PASSlNGlPJ I7lSTINlD Ttl nu,.H.NTRAL I MI Nm DIHRI[ T

l X A M P L l O ~ O P b . R A T IN G M l T W [ ] V S


35/41

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36/41

I. Plans for construction of the initial

parkway routes must consider intersecting

parkways and surface lines as well as the

parkway transit lines.

2. An area of agreement has been estab-

lished regarding first priority of parkways

to be built and, tentatively, for a ten-year

progr am.

3. By reason of the permanent nature of

parkway facilities, once established, to

alter or enlarge capacities is most difficult.

4. Some sections of the parkways may be

elevated, or depressed and confined be-

tween retaining walls, but normal design is

preferred.

5. The large amount of basic data ana·

Iyzed in preparation for this summary re-

port should eventually be published.

6. The parkway plan herein presented is

consistent with and carries on the original

intentio'l of Los Angeles Major Traffic

Street Plan.

7. Calculations and basic data show that

certain through parkway routes are a

necessary element of an efficient overall

transit system.

8. Sufficient cross town and feeder transit

service must be provided to avoid uneco-

nomical additional radial transit routes.

9. Pacific Ocean Beach communities with·

out doubt will be utilized to much greater

extent for dwelling and recreational pur-

poses than at present and adequate transit

service must be provided .

10. Substantial time savings in many

cases are possible by parkway coach serv-

ice as against surface line schedules now

in effect.

II. In planning parkway service attention

should be given to principal points of in-

terest, educational institutions, public gath.

ering places, and the like.

12. Various rail lines have been aban-

doned - more probably will be. Some

rights-of-way should continue to be used

for transportation purposes.

13. Due to war-time inflation, existing

population distribution can be used only

sparingly in planning transit facilities.

14. In general, combined surface and

parkway lines will gather and distribute in

outlying areas and transfer at intermediate

points.

15. Present transit service provides in

part the latest available types of facilities

for existing surface operation. 'Present

coaches operate satisfactorily with other

traffic on completed sections of parkway.

However, coaches specially designed for

appropriate speed, braking. and similar

characteristics, and controlled as to num·

ber, ultimately will be required for park-

way service.


37/41

BROADWAY NEAR SEVENTH STREET - LOOKING

NORTH - MODERN SURFACE TRANSPORTA nON

SECOND ND BRO DW Y LOOKING SOUTH

9

BRO DW Y NE R SEVENTH

STREET

LOOKING

NORTH MODERN

SURFACE

TR NSPORT TION


38/41

LAST HORSE C R TO RUN ON M N STREET LOS NGELES _ 897

MODERN TYPE BUS USED IN 9


39/41

an extra width of about 35 feet or approximately 15"/0 of

the 'otal right-of-way, and initial provisiol) of such width

three main roadways instead of the conventional two

which with largely unbalanced traffic would be equivalent

to doubling the capacity of the route.

capacity and, if growths are rapid. it might not be long

until the extra center width would be pressed into serv-


40/41

The report would have been impossible in its present form

without the helpful assistance of the following agencies:

THE REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION,

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES

LOS ANGELES CITY PLANNING COMMISS'ION

LOS ANGELES TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION

LOS ANGELES CITY STREETTRAFFIC OEPARTMENT

LOS ANGELES BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES

AND TRANSPORTATION

LOS ANGELES BOARD OF PUBI WORKS,

BUREAU OF ENGINEERING

STATE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS, HIGHWAY DIVISION

AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES RAILWAY CORPORATION

PACIFIC ELeCTRIC RAILWAY COMPANY

GREATER LOS ANGELES CITIZENS COMMITIEE, INC.

ALL YEAR CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

BOOK DESI G N BY

CARL C. MeELVY - ARCHITECT A.J. A.


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1944 Transit Study Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

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