O f f i c i a l c a l l s t h i s morning, First on Greiser at the old

&:athaus, rifle-beering s u n t r i e s ( & o l i c e ) at the door. Greetings

quite c o r d i a l and Greiscr s a i a he hoped our collaboration in the

liew Year would be more satisfectory!

Then the ~ o l i s h Zinister, rayee, and the ilarbour iresident

Kederbragt, called on met six gl asees of pre-luncheon sherry left

me rather s i ck i sh .

The Consular Corgs, or as they sre here described, the

Diplomatic Corps, were nat seen; they only l e f t cards.

2nd January, 1956.

Dorothy Lay, who has been dining with us at 8 o'clock for the

p a s t few months on oucasions when we are alone, goes out alone

tonight to her first "dinner $artyw 7.30 to 10, chez les l~o;?s.

3rd January, 1936

Today I st tended rz State Shooting &ar ty "e ine r Sagd auf 5zse

und F ~ c f i s ~ ~ on the invitation of 3reiser as v~sndesj&germeist~~l' i z t

Sobbowitz, near the i c l i s h frontier, Left 2ansig in gooC Gaylight

about 7.45 a . m , and on the way no t i ced the hi& clouds f lecked ~ i t h

2ink. Then the sun r o s e over the horizon of the long slain, vast

blood-gold globe, at \ihich one cotilLL ~tarc mtranced until it pafirsad

above the earth mists, ?Ye met, some 20 , pes ts , including raaee,

Baron de Is Tournclle, rswlO nsny high officials, at the Foretmeister's

hause. There we l e f t our cars andmounted fn five f o r e s t w a g o n s ,

each with about 5 2er~?ons, the drivers r id ing p m t i l l i o n on one of

the horses, 3 brought no ~ " ~ 1 1 h forrester was at tached t o ne and

I f i r e d once during the day ~ i t h his "gun - twice at a hare which came dirsc t l y towards me and >assea usca the6 within two yaree,

any case, a difficult sho t , I most ly l e f t the gun i n the hanCis of

the forester, I could not, as is easier &en a hare cones directly

at one, let him pass and hoot him behind, f o r there S'E~S a fo res te r ,

a dog, - and a &re38 ihotographer in m y ime&iato r e s x f About miacay, sportsmen, f o ~ e s t e r a end beaters gathered in e sheltered

glade where tm m e e t seod fires -were burning, Y e got hot sou2,

hot red-wino grog and great dishes of sslit brodchens covered with

fish, meat, o r cheese,

The bag w a s forty-eight hares, four foxes, and one rabbit, a-

f2any "xaeit (deer) f l e d before the beaters, but no bildschwein weere

seen, The bag was s~all as the temperature was ra ther high, 30 or

4' C. above an& the hares rere out in the fields, not in the forest.

Coffee and cakes at the Forstmefsterqs house e t 4; and &t

6 p . ~ . we were due at a ceremony in Banaig here the "bagw was to

be handed over to a i d the Viinterkflfswexke, Txo bonfires blaze6 in t k d

oyen place be fo re the - -o l ice Heal?qusrters and between them 1 % ~ the

hares in a long l ine - e t h a s ,~ec i s l &Itice o f honour & the Ecxes. .A little sLieech-making and the ;o f ice Sand &~layed Bunting calfs,

inc lu2 ing "Jagd forbeit* e t c . I avoided this c e r e ~ o n y os I feared

Then we hzd t o g o t o dinner in the only k n z i g restaurant - ~ a u t e n f a c h e r - rooms decorate6 with f resh fo l iage a n i berries. The i;i.;ing of the Iiunt - Jaga6n ig - was naned - the man who shot m o s t ; a crown i r i n c e the second; and the flioodlekbnigtt the san who shot

l e s s % , Then I s ~ i d a few words in C m a n (first t iae) thaukiag

Creferer on behalf of the tpests. The Kbnig - as is h i e duty - made a cr i t i i c imi of the Jagd; (the Crown ~ - r i n c s usual ly speaks f o r the

l a d i e s but none were $resent): then the kaodlekonig s2eak~ an behalf

of be hares. The young vice-rresicent of t h e Senate - Hutk - made t h e latter in rhyme t o the air of en o l d hunting song to which all

shouted a cbosus. kie refer red t o me - a o n g s t o t h e r s - in the f olf owing doggerel : -

The reference vms t o a nistake ?;hich I hoped - mcst foolishly - would not be noised about t o o much. I w&c s t a r t l e d by a big hare

rushing between two clumps of bushes and h e c i t e t e d t o f i r e because

I feared it wes a keh (deer) . Then so~ .e th ing else rushed o ~ t and

I heard whst seemed to be &.n encoure~;ing sound from my foreeter &nd

let f l y - tiit e ;leh!l fcrtunately zissing. A ~ o c k Xuntergs Cotir t v a s IE.t UP, Greiser, aiJee and o the r s being sentenced t o various

drink f3 i

(The next day Bbttcher called on me axid seid the rreeident had

been much amoysd at Huth's references to me Fn the song. I Izughcd

a d said I took thet in the s&irit of the convivfel and s r i v ~ t e

meeting).

On his visit to me ~ o t t c h e ~ said theusual th ing &bout Seaate's

very good i.ersouel feelings for me, objectivity unquestioned, e t c .

'tie went rounu the usual circle about 13z;nzlig's situation. They will

not aoceyt the s i t u s t i o n in which the Leaguela gnarantee is a reality. -

8th Januaxy, 1 s

Eave sent o f f my emual repor t t o Geneva. It s a g s not a l l I

uould but puts the sttuntion as one r e q u l ~ i n g a new p o l i c y ox new

machinery. 1 mke a m i l d enough indictment of Forster : Greiser

has indic ted himself in his s2eech.

Hegientnge-l~residant Budding f som 3 a s t rrussie lunched a i t h ne . He t e l l s me that it is generally recognised that Forster is * i s u i t -

able f o r 3ans;ig en& that it has been decided to nove him, but that

it is a question of -&en and where, Torster is su23orted by the

. ?+ . Left ;:mg in Gernany - Wimler, 3arre, Streicher, etc,, and 3ftler himself stands always by en 'alte Karnilfer" he hae not the facul ty

of g e t t i n 3 rid of men who may be excellent in E revolution, but r h s e

usefulness is l i m i t e d ?:hen the revolution has ~ucseeded - zuzless as .fn a case l i k e that of Jmc- 370th ' 34 , E-ri~ cieasures struck the

world t%s ra ther drastic.

Budbing is 8n excellent propaganJ?ist. He elways brings the

talk to Eussia and I notioe a change beginning in regard to colonies

and territorial ambitions. Formerly it was mainly economic

elc.ttnrsf on,

As other Germans do, he argues that holand hss pa alternative

to the German alliance - a pol i cy based largely on fear of Zussia.

11th January, 1936

Dined Greiser, and twnty other principal Daneig o f f i c i ~ l s - Obergerichtspresident trOn -gens, ~ ~ o l - P r e s , Mbass , Bank rres.

~ o h a f f e r , rort Beleg. rras.Frank, 2rote.tant Bisho~ Beerman,Bzttcher,

BIme and Co, 811 Daneig. Nothing for G, Lo walk about this tine.

This is f i ~ s t occasion be has been socie l ly in my house cince tks

t 8 A b i r e r l Schessfl inoident, I h o p d they liked it! which is a trif le

feminine. Some a f them observed that conpany Tias national rather

than international. 811 sent very well, however, naay thanks to

E l s i e , as usual, and wlashingeu of good drink, Boschard t e l l s me

"all four Eresidents draslk a lot - eayecislly U ~ t e l l l ~ So good. 3 t is a l s o reported that GreSser asked for champagne at 11 yea.

It is nlvt2y.s nice to see guests enjoying their &ink. Bothing

political - Creiser's customary hope that all will go better between us offioially. Be is giving the dinner in the Bote %ale of the Old

3athsus on 13th in ay hanolul, he s a p * fie(~3 ally not a bad chsp - apart f ~ o m hfs 2olitics here.

&abbe writes to Ee of an interview at Geneva with Can, Gen,

gruel of Germany - now t h e only link there - asropos of Danzig. S p k e as though Forsterqs removal vere inrninent and said Creiser

was more soldier than diplomat - ayld inqui red as to the result of my talk with Bden las t month,

Tea party w i t h the I p a c y Zietkieviczts a l s o ycster&~y. kapceVs

aid. ileasant &@ogle.

Today the old Count and Collntess von ~ e ~ s e r & n & ccae f o r

lunch, stayed f o r afternoon tea and bridge. Shs says t o me to be

pa t ien t with 3anzig. Their frontier in the "co r r ido rH not so bad

in a way &B for 3ayizig as there were, of course, i 'o les a l s o the--,

but here were only ,Germans, etc. I said thst the a t t i t u d e of the

Srtnzig Governneat was tha t now they needed nei ther symgathy nor bflt

and r e l f ed onl ;~ on the s t rong arol of 2emmy.

Von Radowitz said that %re b u l d be no heritation in a very

d e f i n i t e l i n e being taken in Zeneve ~ ~ i t k regard to Forster. He

renarked bat X t l e r did not h68r all t h a t he shoul3 hear ~ e r h e p a ,

ant3 that if the question becane gublic it qouid be inevitable that

it should be brought t o his z t t en t i on and he believed the result8

would be coed for aanzig, f o r &oland, f a r the League and a l s o for

Gerr;imy, The dualism in 3anzig adnainSstration c r ~ ~ t e d sn

iapoeaible situation f o r all interested. '&%en 1 ?aid t h a t I found

it impossible t o make aqy distinction between the sublic :~asitbon of

Greiser an< that of ~ o r s ~ e r and thzt on the other hand etatenents

of the heed of the Sovemment hzd to be taken even =ore cc~iouely;

that P ~ r t h o r a o r e thare had been no evidence in any gfficial

transaction since th2 speech o f EoveaL*r 27th ci. bay weakening in

the Senate's e n t i - l e a y e ;lolicy, he remarkad that from his knowledge

of events here hc bel ieved that r o u l d bi cleared ug. Greiser, he

said, could not talk to me as ha (von 2.1 wks t a l k i n g to me, m d his

coment was t o the gfact that Greiser dare not until r 'orster goes.

In recording this conversation, I x i s h it t o remain clear that

any relations I bsve had aith the German Consul General have alwag-s

bean s t r i c t l y correct i n s o far as the Status of the :ree City night

be said to be concerned. The conversation is interesting, however,

as a furwther confiraation of the infor~etion I obtained in S s r l i n as

to the attitude of the $ernan o f i i c i z l authorities with regar0 to

For~ter,

Eave been ye-~eadicg today Pest year's leL$ers t o dvenol cn effa i ra

here and rather ;jlessed to f i n d nothing in them in the nay of false

prophecy or warning - on the contrary.

14th J m u a r r

Dined yith kre~iCent Creiser in the i3atl-m~~. Por the first

tine in the history of Danzig, s o far as can be traced, ladies were

a l l o m d t o dine in the Xed Boon, &coretad with f ine >enelling, the

p i c t u r e s on t k e v ~ ~ l l above the ;znels being inciirectly illQminated

and the dinner t t ib les lit with candles. A lcvely o l d room with o l d

s i lve r and brass an t he t ~ b l e .

The only notable k o l i t i c a f conversation tms -g\ith Gerr;i&n Cons.

*l von Xadcaitz, ~ h o said, "f must go a ~ d 6 . LIUEL &t&$-, 8 s a v i ~ e

to all CG~IC~Z~I~~, l e e p e , Danzig and A oland, if the 2 a r ~ ~ l e l i s ~

coula be once f o r a l l abolished, 1 s ~ i O i t was more then difficuf t

t o see how G. coula be dissociated especielly ic v i e w of his s2eech:

that had dominated rxy reirort 2nd would great ly influence Oeelsians

in Geneva, I also s e i d cluch mi6:i;ht d e ~ e n d on G ' s a t t i t u a e at Geneva,

And said I had no reasan t o believe t h a t things would go better even

without ?. G . he r e y l i e d , could not say anythin; t o me a s he

might even be shotl vhich was 2eshaps a recognizable exa~cexation,

Ee urged me to r e p e s e n t his views ~t Ceneva as hcving o f f i c i a l

su&ost.

and 1 rep l ied that the tine f o r that, et qr r a t e , WES pesoed.

Vice-i-s~siLent Zuth ag&in sst by Slsie an6 wouldn't l e t her

say s word t o Grelser. Hio youthfulness is rs ther attractive end

he is genuinely attracted to Elsie. Lnother f e l l o w who, with nore

reasonable advise~s, or in a situation in mhich the League and his

Earty wercCnot cast in 022oaing roles, could help to nake 3anzig

l i f e more ;leasant, Young and inexperienced, of course, and aith a

horizon ent i re ly linited by h i s &ar ty f o r ;:hi& lie says he could C t i e .

Ilalf-wey kau:;h the dinner l a s t night, rr-siderrt Greiser ma6..e

a syeech velcoming h i s g d ~ 8 t ~ . E+: began x i t h the Eigh Coraissioner,

to whom he cave e s,sclnl velcone as t h e r@gresentative of the

Leaye , g i a r e n t o r of t h e Stetus and Cbnstit~tion of 3znsig and to whan

he made sons c o r d i a l references in connection v:ith the collaboration

between the t w o ,

-Anyone lietenin& t o t h i s l i t t l e conz,jlimentary s p e c h woufb have

thought &re wasn't a cloud on the horizon and it wss a ra ther inter-

e~ting introtluction t o the discussions at Geneva. I had, however,

to sake a n e n t ~ l ressrvatian as S hed noticed a similar tenaency

immediately k r i o r to other meetings of the Council during the past

year, but I think perhays a little more wiis behind the rewsks , which

on thia occasion were ra ther public, than a desire t o apdeel to c:y

good nature in view of Geneva discussions. (Baturally I alwsys

take the line tha t Geneva discussians ere ent i re ly betveen the

Council and the Somite. 1

The rresident's statement was nede before tke L-o l ieh r?sresente-

tive, the f res iden t of the Barbour D o ~ r d , the Boyen of %he Consular

Corge, the Cermrur Consub CenereP end several Senators and leadera

cf the S.A. and S.S. Air. Forstex =&a absent from this function,

Fapee c a l l e d this evening, Said he found my r e p o r t vary

objeotive and interesting in the way i t put the whole situation and

yet left the Council pienty of l a t i t ude for what it f e l t could or

could not be done, We tells ne t b t an hour e f t e r I left he ws.8

sitting w i t h von -bdowitz and Qottches came to the tabfe,to be greeted

by von B. with, ":.ell, you 2hchiovalli, you "loueheur" (s;ly!) There

is no love lost between them, but I guess voa B. h&& teen enjoying

h i s beer1

I ' m off to Genevz tomorrow morning an2 haven't ~ u c h idea of =hat

the Co:mcil will do. But Tirite I s on the S a z i sides end if there is

T ?I-.- any shi rk ing of t k e issue, .- l--"lI ,am them,

17th JE3Kriusz 1Wd

S+ring wcstktes. L i t t l e mortli, Ane, no t i a e for the s k i s 1

brought v+i th me,

Bvenol g r e e t ~ d uc kth the r e ~ s r k , "This is lite~ature" - ~ a v i a g rry annual re&ost, I i n t e r r u ~ t u d his rhad~ody by sayirrg thzt I v;ks

more concerned t o ka01 if he t h o u ~ h t it good ~ o l i t i c s , lie seeoed

to be 100k satisfied, I scid I 1 1 ~ 5 done ng bes t , while fulfilling

ny tuty, to lesve the Council plenty o f latitude - not to &resent inelastic proposals. T haC tried nethods of yersu&sion in 3anzig

f o r two year8 an& when the question of %fie League ty.mrantee 'gas now

brought t o an issue it xes not b; ne but by the Senate r t ? f u a i n ~ to

carry out Council r~comenda t i t i n s =d a c c o ~ ~ a n j r i n ~ tbat xeflisal with

an imijossib3.e syesoh about the League.

1 ha&, furthernore, 2~ersonsfly interviewed the mcabers of the

Council most concerned, six xeeks ago, t o %yarn the^ of the ~ituztion

and had erzae&voure& by diplomatic oeens to f i n & an issue fron the

situation,

But he h f ~ d no t the slightest iioubt tha t 1: liad Cone excellently

in my r e h o r t .

l"fklters, ju s t back fron ,ondon and suffer ing f s o ~ a c h i l l , Lid

not seen qruite so h~tggy, BUS the ~olizh-3ritisf.1 cenvcrsatiolzn in

Lonhon on the subject seem 50 have been, on t h e whole, catisfkctory.

If the ;;i;nzige;rr; insist in t h e i r ~ e f i a n c . . , ;a?i,nd is ,ra,j&red to

accept a manbte fson the Council.

Of course, 1 kraginz the case makes s,sciel uifficulties f o r

Britain ( a o ~e$~orteur) a i d >enzig, one must reaeober, involves all

kinds of questions relatinb t o ~estern huz-s&o in which Elsitain is

liothing, one Gay su$pose, or can 2revent >E?XIZ~G beco~ing

&gain o focus of international t r o u b l e an& dancer, El;t if League

prestige can be rzainteined in this c&se, i t nay he22 - even if only post2oning or lessening the crisis a little,

sena to ra t ~ g t t c h e r , lookizrg rather g r i m , shook hands with ote as

he walked into K ~ e b b e ~ s office tocay, To k, he said the M,C,'s

rehort hed shocked then; he rdbed that the 2 . Z . w a s the only source

of t r o u b l e in rlanzig ( I j; t b t he (E.) was G$rLen and that ;eraany

would not allow this to continue, So the ct;t c o m ~ s out of the b ~ g

i n This confidence is t h e real ex2PanaLion of : i n z i g f s def imce

of $he Leame.

B. has all the fervour of a convexl. 2 e is no%- anore Zezi than

%LT. Eitler. But thtzt P : O U ~ ~ not nhttes: if he had iutel l ig+,nce and

p v e ~ i s e advice to h i s r-resfLent. IIoa much of the speech of 27th

Bovenber he was ressonsible f o r , hnd how euch Forster, T don't know;

it l ooks es though J'iancig ves going to f i g h t . 3, was tvo 6 3 : ~ ~

i n Ber l in ; has he any manfiat2 from 3 a r l i n anc, if co, from rho&?

For, of course , S e r l i n is dlvicied, t o o ,

warning; i t was not enou@i, It was answereci on 27th Nc.ven;ba~ with

defiance a d iz high suld ~ i g h t y **This closes a cha&ter.'+ 1 am u$orrie&

and arrxioua, as is my nature. r erheds they ~vssc s ight vd~en t h e y

szie, in effect, t k t the realists in Geneva will understand that

now that Samany is strong, the Leal.?e has ceased to count in Llanzig.

Sunctag - January lsth, 1936 Four hours alth ?.Leuensan. I have read a larg~ nymbes of

~inutea ruletirig to 2iscucsions in the Foreign Office and the conver-

sations with Haczinski, 2-olish ~ m b a s a a d o r in Lon5sn. A31 shob that

the .+roblens a r e being fsced, but the way ou t 1s not clear, ,vcn

the abrogation sf the a r t i c l e s in the F e s s a i l l < , ~ Treaty sere

considered and the w i t k G r a w a i of the l i , C , :.:alkin r u i s e ~ legel

difficulties about t 3 e first. It, seems t o be recogpized tne.t; ia

situatfon mig;ht arise which I should Soe l compelled to resi-• There

is no sfp of any tendency not Lo give me 100;> su&$ort. 5ut is the

problem not insoluble? Xilitary occupation As t o be ruled out.

Z e o n o ~ i c 2ressure by the League would require Etn isse~bly tiecision;

en& even if f t were >oss ib le it .B;-suld f ocrk sa~r3what ieeulier t o have

the eatire i~sseizbly machinery brought i n t o motion e;&inrst a recalcitrant

provincial torn! The ~lternative ~ g o u l d be econonic Iresszre by

r ~ l a n d bc t fng under e nandate from the Council. 1 boa't l i k ~ it

real13 - xr1lcss it can bs effect ive nberely as a threat lea2ini; to complications, a s it would, bett~een :;ernany and : olaizt?.

ro l end seems inc l ined to say 'yes1. 1 e t i l i have sorrie ho,~e

thct the more reasonable elocents in 3 e r l i n may xrin the day before

the crisis deveIo2s.

The Semm n e s s kaa opened p;, broadsice - r a the r concentrating on the question of tlre c5ections. This is not concfzsive as the

que~tion of new elections is not, reb l ly , the key to the Councilqs

difficulties which are concerned, in the first &lace, vith the

refusal t o c i r r~y out recanzendations end the general attsck on the

Constitution and the League guarantee,

3imzed ton ight with Stanley Bruce, diustralian 1i.C. i n Loui:.on,

~ ~ n d won f ive francs from him at bxidp. He is iresicient of the

Couvlcfl this session, Ee was &rime iiinister of Aus t r a l i~ t uhCn he

w a s 38. A l w a y s ' ~ ~ e l l - g r o ~ m e d , '123 ha8 the r;Ps of the Goloniel

educated at Gxford - unrj regards h i n a e l f as no e s a l l b e a s , I leasartl enough, but he and his vife are, f should say, very snobbish. It

may be notiued I don't =arm to them!

King 3cosge V is dying, Xven here tel tphonos arc busy the

latest bulletins sought for, The succession question is smooth, but

the formalities will involve %&en's r e t u r n to LonGon should death

occur while he (%den) is here. This %oulfi nean an u2set, L ~ e r b p s

ultimately ser ious in e f f ec t , on ny own ,roblens. The full authority

of the Secretary of S t a t e himself i a required in the discussions,

hat? whea yubricity at last could be; of value -idanaig, at its worst,

would be sniothered out of the -reas, as it w2s in Sedtember by the

Italien Zar.

Ffrst b y of the Council r and news of George V sonswhat bet ter

inasmuch ss the a 2 L d s i n t ~ o n t of Regency Council sugg~ > S ~ E that there is

no denger far sone cays at qy rate. X never before f e l t such a

personal interest in Eoi... ' c hes l th .

Count Lubienski cslPccf t h i s naming ear ly and received from n'e

confis~ation thet EL>- t a l k with Steverison yesterday had not result( d.

i n any s2ecifi.c broyosels .

"You h o w , " he said, "we a h i r e you very such. Thet might

be nothing from me, but I know that that is :'+re %cck4s opinion.$*

Then he told oe that the kolish rreEEa t h i ~ ziurning was unarii-

mously in su~~2ort oe me - as a con t rcs t , 3 suppose, to the Gemun oannpeign with i ts veiled threats under references to Yaox an< the

Saas, 2ut 1 cuet.nl t exaggerate that r T see a note of restraint so

far in the I ress of Gemmy. They have publi~hea a bowlderised

srumrriary of ny seport.. Cmfy t h i s afternoon be3 it been officially

issuek here,

Short t a l k s w i t h Lalters, Krabta a d Stevenson, In the middle

of a conference LCen c m e in, looking mch oldep a d Packing the

boyish verve of fornerly, 1 ho2e his hi@ o f f i c e won't sgc him t o o

a_uick;tg., 3s said it was kvenolts su,-gestion that there shoul.;: be

a 2reLininary Council i l iscuesion before the kepost was draf te6.

1 fully a2,rovedt it should h e l i ~ the R Z ~ ~ J O X ~ ~ U ~ * S task if a

few Council ncnberx ex$sess suitable z2inions. Sccondf y, and L~erha i~s

nost i zpor tan t , a >relirzinery ex- r ~ ~ j s i o n of viev;a L T , & ~ hcl2 the

reasonable el ezexs- in Gemany anl; give time for Gseiser to r@consider

his p o s i t i o n bafore we cone t o p o s i t i ~ r r ~ y ~ $ ~ ~ a l ~ . Men asked if

Creiser was here and expressed his a s t o n i s h o n t an& annoyance on

hearing ths.t he would not arrive 'before tonorrow a r i g h t . R e sent

Stevenson t o t e l l bottcher t o teleyhone et once 2n& Bo promised he

viould ~uggest an 'eerorlezne from Ber l in . St is exactly what I vrcrned

them about before lesving danzig.

Beck saw 30en today. The situation is becoming a little nore

clarified. Beck w i l l act on a "mndclt di~l .on&tique?' fron the

Council, as the State most intcreatsd, and in conjunction w i t h the

H.C. i n ensuring the execution of the Council's recornendations a d

t he maintenance of the Constitution, They donit $vent a military

mgndate. 'rlhet will the other moan? ihyovered by the Council to

talk to 3ma%g - and to Gemany, I su2pose. b e reflects, &lso, that it helgs She League to shed'aome of its responsibilities, and

one must remember t11,~t o t h e r alternatives are mope dangerous ead

41 that, after ell, &be Jsee City w a s created to meet a rftlish need.

ttne can well that the Biilhelmstrasse geo,le wrontt l i k e It.

I t w i l l increaser relish standing in relation to Lianzig. But it gay

well be followed by more cozzl;ilicstions.

It v:ouZd be a d is no condition of the - o l i s h decision, but

the hint i s bopped. by Deck that the next H.C. should be a L ale!

'+':ell, w o l l l The :lardonic ,.gods would laugh if this were the outcone

o f the s tu2 id p ~ l i c y pursued by Danzig Xazis. T~i l fu l , b l ind,

tmintellig,-ent ;3artisms, without a glimpse of en i n t e l l i g e n t , ~ o l i c y .

I f ind it hard to envisage. 3ut there would be a ce r t e in l o c f c z l i t y

superf ic ia l ly , st any r z t e , Csmany enZ. i o l a n d on good terms; 3anzig

boasting the same bile sttacking the League a n d its 3.2.: yoland

asked to t & e the major res=onsibility on behalf o f thc Council i n

the present c o n f l i c t . Logical-ly, it might be asked, "why not?''

reogle like Sottcher and Forstex may t e l l the Lzegue t o carry

out its duty about the Constittition. Vhet sort of a "bust-uptt

would follow the z~rointment sf a s o l i s h Li.2.i To h in t at i t is,

;rerhaps, a new ine ica t ion t h a t roland i s i n earnest about her o m

r i ~ h t s and, as soreone said, she mit,ht not make qy difficulty shout

a f e w German (~~dcsition) heads being broken in 2anzig by the Ilazia,

and everybody be more comfortable1 I t h i n k the r o l i s h ilee t o o

fantastic - a nominee, perha2s, but not a role, 1 reflectwith some satisfaction, that I heva done m y bes t ,

< - & Smug. &or too anxious. I have advised - in vain; I have taken risks t o avert & crisis - aW f a i l ed ; 2: Brzve t h e n b l u n t l y put the cards on the Council table,

Later: 1 hemd that bt idea was r e g ~ r d e d by the French 2s

imyossiblet I suppose a relish nominee might be Gifferent . The

r o l e s a re subtle enough to have 2ut u~ the greater vith a view to

getting the less.

22nd January, 1936

George II died a t rni&i;,-lit,

A clay of p e a t anxiety an& nervou? teasion over Danzig situation,

i,'atching in the ra , j lo r teur t s &raft %3th en e f f o r t to judge

ef fec t in the future . Germ~n iress csrqmign turns out t o have been

moss vi ru len t tkaa I ha8 tboug:ht from reading one or two extrects.

Xuch congra tu l a t i on , of course, from fiirclcs hem. Borbsr~,

m i a h EelegaZe, e reserved fe l lox , szid, "a caursgeour re&ttrt and

as p o l i t i c a l judgenient excellent e f t Starkey, a v:ise $12 veteran of

the r'merican t-reos, armi nany o t h e r delegates, c;-lrobeblg s i n c ~ r e ,

echoed t h i s .

As I wa,med people here s i x ~ e e k s ago, D&nzig i~ sgzin hectically

in t ha front l i n e ,

Am yre2ared to resign, of course, but that, s ~ i B ?;alters, vould

be a disaster. Am equally prepared to hold on, e~&ecially in view

of the attacks.

1 l e f t Danzig w i t h a somevhat i r r e s n l u t e intentton of hizting

at &nother yesr of off ice - aftho~gh I had ;~reviously and consistently declared my s incere intention t o go g ~ t the fsnd of ay t ~ m . S u r t a i n

2ersonal considerations arose. I Gm, however, mcre afraid of ny

heal th than mything else, I am so constantly under nervoua stsain

and f requent ly have, for the first tine in a y l i f e , bouts of sloe>-

lessness, And I get no holieaye so that I long for a quiet corner

and single tvork f o r s p ~ r i o d . .!ad, o f course, i t ib~ill bc thznkless

whatever I do in 3)anzig.

( ~ e o r ~ e V ~ 5 ~ s a model Eing of &gland. 3ut shy did he &,ass

away jus t in t ine to mothax llanzig?)

Laval, Frcneh i2renier, recalled sm2denly t o mrfs t~here his

Cabinet, the accustamed French way, hsd crunblcd un6.e~ hi^.

A new C~birnet formed by 3zrraut .zith Plan&.:* ss Foreign I ' infster

and 'aul Eonean, conin& back to Ceaeva as , ernanent 3ele,natea

Cabinet rather more p r o - l e a p @ and pro-Eritish.

Irreverent wits said Laval's hasty dc2artu~e was because his

black t i e had been left i n iaris , i-esha3s it sounds norc of a ioke

in Yrench,

In s p i t e of the King's illness and death, I f i nd Danzig has

been f i ~ x s i n g in the -2ngliah ifrsss. Good.

Saw kvenol f o r a f e w minutes fk.1116 kin very sound and rather

fim, H e is against letting the idea of a conmission of imestiga-

tian &ope Ne wants it to be reserved es a patontfzl wea2on; and

the elections pe t i t i on , too,

A t a vague hint that 3 would be rseCy at my time t o give 1.22 my

mandate, he emphatically s a i d that would be defeat f o ~ the L@.

Idlet Creiser and a delegation of eight a6visers in the Council

soom. Cordial l-mn&shcekes. Coring had provided him d t h rn aers-

plane to answer 3dem1s summons,

3den opened the Council debate wi th a good declaration

(including a com2liment - "A H.C. in whose inpartiality m d good judgel~ont the Council has complete confidencew). The Prenoh, Spanisk,

Turkish, Dmish, =ortuguese and k o l i s h representatives f o l l o ~ ~ c d , I

mede a shor t sup2lementary statement - incluiiing a declarat ion as t o absence of any yoliticaf. bias or pre ju2ice. Then Greiser ~leiie

an oration - declaring his att:~clmcnt to the Statute of Danzig

i ac lu t ing the E.C., - lightly 2assirig over the failure to carry out rsconmendations; only a Oifferenee of opinion between jurists and

"we po1iticiensH care mare f o r 2eace than such trifles, Anthony

Eden def lated him a l i t t l e an6 we sdJaurnsd,

"Such impudent syesch I never beard,'bEaid Ferpson, tho

calm end shrewd ra;tresentative of h.;uutexs.. Others. seenied ~ i l s o to

be badly im2ressed, but others not ,

I a so accustomed to it, and worse, that I was aPnost amused.

Lunch with rrincess Xadziwill, whom I don't like. I had been

verbe;rlly b v f t e d there three days before &nu a c c e 2 t ~ d conditionrzlly,

intending to telephone 2rom;tly about a &rim engagenent - a d forgot, Sir %illiam T?ilkin, Legal xdvdser to the Toreign O f f iee, e grand

felxow; Aghnides, Director of Disarmament Section - ~lmost defunct - a Greek gentleman; Hsbacht an8 his lovely he r fcan w i f e orere there,

From 2.45 till 6.45, Steveneon, ?a1 ters, Kxabbe, YcXinnan Good,

~&cstini(mi aab I laboured over the draft repor t .

3inner with Avenol, Guests included Coloae1 Beck, Litvinsff,

and s Boxen others, Council re$resent&tives and off ic ia ls .

I sat between 3esuoask and Gfganistan. H m r is like a b e ~ u t i f u l

aristocrat out of the A r a b i a sights, brom-skinned, blreak-bearded andl

big eastern eyes, Y e says they ski now in lAfge.niatzn.

Tituleaco vlas iisgrgcefuPly late &rid eventually Avenol let XB

into dinner - Beck f m i n g - three quarters of m hour a f t e r the hour, Titulesco, l~oking uglier than ever, canie in as we finished

our fish, I used to think, is locking st kin nekini-: an orat ion, h e w

much more a p p s o p ~ i a t e it ~ o u l d be t o see him, sabre in hmO, leading

a Mongol horde across Suropet s plains, ( ~ e * e clever, too, end a

good o r a t a x ) . Tonight he ahowed ega and bagginess round his faoe - not unlike an old woman - and 3 recalled B r i m d v a cruel j e s t -

I think I have noted how a f e w weeks &go a wandering h e x i c a n

~rsfessor in Dangie hrtvlded me a scrap of paper (with l e t t e r s of

recomn,endation) from 2aud Davis, a second cousin kvhorn I last azw at

a children's party in Selfast, thirty years ago. She xxute from

the Bownmiacn Legation in London, titad le ter told me ehe ha& been on

the Zeparatians Comission and f o r years with Titulesco. 1 t o l d hin

about i t across the table, and when I s a i d the name -"Oh, EIees Devis,"

end his hands waved, " w h a t can 1 say about her except thet I would

travs been lost without her," "tres cu?tivhw, ate. She spoke

excellent French, Spanish and Houmanian, Had accompa~nied him pad

also his Queen on tbefr American tours.

l e v f i k RuskQ Bey fa. h a s ) cane to me after inner and said he

hail no inten%t;ion to sag a word. a t the Council u n t i l q y friend

(The Geneva. ~inister) hinted t o him that I wished

it. lqeither of them had read a single document, I am certain. X

forgot he is only p l a i n 5 3 , Eustu bras now since they abolished the

picturesque t i t l e s of Turkey.

Told Beck 1 could l i k e to see h i m about a phraae at t h e end of

the r~port concerning i o l i s h suii2oxt of the B.C. 1 cacrznot help having

doubts and 1 inztenrll: to ask h i m %hat it m a p a s , or mbgkit nem, Ho m a r

d o h p ma. ( ~ i e aid)

Two slessing pel le%a did not help m e last nEght.

I forgo5 tbe fZtrssirrn Under Secretary General, Rosenberg, said

soffiething to Ee tonight, jokingly, about another job f o r me U

BbyssinSe as Bigh Comissioner, Tbfs is the th i rd , or fourth yeraoa

~ h o has bone the same. &@in Gottl

Guistiniani has been asked b ~ r someone on the Ztalian delegation

as to my attitude on the war quaetion, Be had answered that I

b e l i m e d in the League, but as an Xrishman understood British

i s Which waszlft quite conpfete but I dbd not argue.

Of eaurse, the thing is absur8. They would w a n t , T do hope,

a hard bitten Colonlal Governor, And I wou&dayt w a n t to l i v e iri

Abysshia. In case, 1'11 never be asked. gore conoerned with

getti~g out of Sm%lg with some rshreda sf my reputation.

Fsan 11 pent. &ill P2,30 p a . Steveneon and the poles were busy.

At f 2.45 g . ~ , a c02y of ~ e p s r t reached the 36~tll~ig Delegation. 4%

1.30 a,=, they teleghoned it was quite wpaccepleble and asked fox w

a&$ourmment until miday.

23x8 January, 1936

a strenuous day but an feeling more cheerful as things are moving

bet ter . Bagporteur (through 9alph stevensan) has been sticking hap&

t o his task. %alters also reeating better - h i s celd has dfsa$~aared. knother big fight going an in the CoUcil - a move by Soviets

mder Article XI of Coverrant ~ g a b ~ t U r t r g w y because iatter broke off

d i p l o n s t i c r e l a t i o n s following a seini-Gommurmist revolt in Uruguay,

Li tv inoff sp lu t t e red away, f u l l o f virtue and indignation and fat

l i t t l e Gusni defended hfs views with South S~erican passion.

It's s t i l l hard to understand Litvinoff9s Lkglish. I was only

on the f r i n g e s of t h i s , having many oonversrstions,

The only f l i n t e l l i g e n t M guess 1 can m&e ebout the Soviets

ac t ion i~ thet the Corninterm a d i t s nea r ly - i aen t i ty wi th State

i s asr embarrasl~rnent f o r the new policy; and thst this show may

make new ixtcrri:l arrangements easier, But it is probably t o o

i n t e l l i g e n t .

Litvinov s a i d Urueay had t r i e d to deport s Cornmist, but

as he was not a 2assian c i t i z e n , t h e Soviet declined to-have hi=,

Then Umgu&y offered to settle the matter by t h e sale of some

th~ussillds of tons of Uruguay cheese. The break-off of Ci2lonetic

r e l a t i o n s foll,owetd Russia's r e f u s a l . S i r Vflliam Kalkin, on a

scrap of Saper, s m e 8 it up thust

The Government of Urup~ky Declined t o prove a word they say The Bussians, far from feeling slighted, Declare thenselvee to be del ighted, The Council no tes wi th satisfaction T b t theyere require6 to take no ac t ion .

e t c ,

About five o'clock we m e t again in % a l t e ~ - s f room with t h e

results o f Stevenson's long a rments with Bottcher . Vie viorked

till 9.30 p . ~ , , giving Danzig l i t t l e bits, but keeping t'he n ~ t i n

t h e s i s and p o i n t s o f the rapporteur , kvenol Gene i n , "3 hope

you are not c k ~ n g f n g tha t r e p o r t too ~ ~ u c h , " he saici, "the first

*

d r a f t w a s excellent, m d he added again to keep the elections

and the investigation cormittee open questions.

icany thinga the Dansigers didn't l i k e : but n h ~ n they came

to the f i n d y a r a g ~ a d h s t o u t Poland i t lending any a i d t h a t may be

required to the B.C,*' it was the last straw, O u t of the beg came

the eternal c a t : snytbing but that - although both of them had been publ ic ly boast ing o f their excellent relations and friendshi&.

Stevenson referred them t o the koles on this stint, The

i o l e s sent the^ back t o the Bapporteur, There are aspects of

this f ina l yzrsgrayh ahich meke me uneasy &bout the f u t u r e , but it

d i d mlr seea iinevitsbls if 2 olsnd would undertake a p o l i t i c a l

mandate and Danzig remained defiant . And 1 have had t o k e e i ~ in

~ i n d t b t I could not accept any inter2retation which touched ny

independence, That would be f a t a l ,

I n %he S a l l e des r'ae irerdus f;oday - Count Lubienski - "You and rspee w i l l be taorking much more close ly now." "Almost

I a i p o ~ s i b l e , ~ I replied, lowing to r e p @ , "we have elways co-02erated

cordially but, of course, I take a l l the resjonsibilitg o f my

~ 0 6 % , rf

Danzig o f f e ~ e d t o telegraph orders f o r imedis te revocation

of the unconstitutional decrees, if only the words, ' 'Coilncil

enjoizis upon the > m a t e t o " tc,, vier& e1i;~ir;aLelG *ad %he elections

and investigation not reserved, sine die, but obliterated from t h e

r e d o r t o It sounLe0 a bit panicky, a t the last.

They also wanted Forster &erences deleted and s a i d Fors te r

had now become a Denzig citizeni!J Query t a psecaut i o n ~ r y r

measure in case more drastic proposals should be made fox his

removal. ~ottcher argued this point f o r three quarters of an

hour ,

knd t;o think thet everythine could have been s e t t l e d in

Danzig with a little good sense and goobwlll.

The Geman Pre~s is rather bitter, I am told, over the

Couneil apeeches yehterday , The 2nglPsh L Tess gives surprisingly

large space to Danzfg, in spite of pages of Eoyalty, * i M ~ ~ n i n g

Postt*, e ,g, "Banzig Eaziia challenge to the Leaguer*? "Geman

danger suddenly 1oamed up large win today when Coxmci.1 diaeussed

Dangia,,..,. D. bids fa i r t o become a first class issue and is

momentarily overshadowing even the Aayssinian w e r , , . . . , a t e s t

case for the League's authority the outcome of which nay have

far-reaohbng consequences in N,S, Xurope,? stc,

Frmk Tialters Bined with me st 10 p,m, a d we t a l k e d f i shing

over a bottle of" &!oselblhchea 1928,

25th J-anuary, 1936

About lQ otclock I was told of more mendments t o Xe3ort.

E l e u t ions quaetion i~ l'suspendedw and a l l the F o r s t e r

are removed. And r o l e s and Denzigers having a t i f f regarding

the dause suggesting s2ecia.l responsibilities f o r ~ o l a n d .

fieport eventua,lly agreed to by British, r o l e s and Bznzig.

Lunched a i t h Greioer, Beck, l apre , Eubienski and Guistinioni - and the Geman Consul General, Kreuel, Krauel said he thought

my statenent it ;he Counsil discussion vre& the best f o r Dsnzig

and **he would never forget k t f o r dden the aay he spoke.r' 1

protested at once that 3den8a speech was inevitable; t h a t the

situation had been made intol~rzble f o r the Zounlcil, Then I

remarked that in the report Dantig had got many concessions: e,g,

a l l the Forster references, Krausl s a i d hs w a s not s w e thet

that was ~:a r t i cu l s r ly ;~3eesant t o Greiser! k - r a c t i c ~ l confirnation

of w h ~ ~ t von Radowite had s s i d to me, Lnd I t was taken out a t

the urgent request of Greiser and 3o t t che r end t o 2revent bad

feel ing in Gex~any!! Then Greiser said that %hen we got back t o

Danzig we RUE+, meet more of t en "~~PJithout 3s. 3ottcheru , Si&35 f i can t ,

too, B e i s a Forseer man and one can only r e f l e c t "$oar Greisertt,

I had talked with Eden alone in the forenoon, thanked hini f o r

all h i s work and hoped it would not involve p o l i t i c e l trouble at

home, I &pyrecfated t h a t Sngland did not w s ~ t to g e t ~ u c h

involved i n st Aurope, 'That i s so," he s a i d , "and peoi.le don't

diat inguieh between a Council ragporteur and cneqs re2resentatire

duties, li;y Cabinet colleagues nay well ask me what 1 have been

doingsft Ee a l s o referre& to a liifaily i.:ailH lelader boeded "Keep

ou t sf Dansigw arrd rihich described him as "&np;erous ilr, ti en",

I t o l d him that only the grsvest eircrnstances nould brfng me beck

to the Council with 3tknzigs I was not at a l l cor--~i l .ced as to the

-I f u t u r e but had some hope and would ~ ; o r k it to ;. ..... .

M e n said to ne he could not r i s k it being m a t h the subject af a

big attaek on him in 2-ernany, I boaod t i ] that - he ha6 already

done so mucb, Crn the Fo~ster 2aragreph, he s a i d he caulu not

a f f o r d to aggravate Germany a d had the I t a l i a n busir~ess already

on his hands, I inc l ined before high policy,

The Council meeting went o f f smoothly and should help t o

s2si.l any 2 o l i t i c z l campaign against LCen in '{Dslly PL:aiZ and

"3aily 3xpresei*.

Geneva and Council a~pnrently highly satisfied,

Qdestion of' my reagjoin taent acijourned "st my requestw.

26th January, 1936

Bad a talk xi"h Krmel, German Consul General, weatin& him

for t e a in Frank C r e m i n s ' flat. Says the Forster d i f f i c u l t y only

due to Hitlor*s a f fec t ion fox his *'alte f?";alli?feri', Porster had

now done Germany an& Ilational Sosialism a &reat deal of ham. I

recalled (to h i m ) that T had forecasted this outcome end that the

obeaience pr inc ip le fortunately gave responsibility in the

pub l i c eye t o the r"uhrer f o r aPZ done by his agents - l i k e F o r s t e r , The Xazi outbreak in Austria, c.g. whether ei6ed by Germany or not,

was blamed on .:emarg, Be hiaself scggeeted tha t Bottcher was

thinking more of Torster than of Greiser,

1 aid my p r i n c i ~ ~ a l difficnlty, apart from Forster8s

dictatorshi2, xas s tu2id i ty .

tie was alarmed at the finel y8ragraykA to roland - and said that, ik then, was the worst sertoucc In %hz r c p o r t ,

I recalled that I had expended every -2ylomat5.c resource open

t o ne before an6 ofter the k.8~ v i o l e n t syeech - tinb c o t no results, It was very n i c e of Z i t l e r t o s t i c k by 023 coarades - but i t ~ 8 s sometines a difficult $rinci>le to ap2ly hen the

interests of a meet & p i r e were involve@.

Ee se i i he knca of my v i s i t to van Neurath =d that the

latter had ajiprecieted t h e opemesa with which I eidcrke. r-erhr;iis

the Geneva events woulO now strengthen the influence of the

'Wilhelmstrasse.

Lunched ~ i t h ?::alters arid the BkkSns of the Foreign

Office in the Restaurant der Sin2lon - excellent fare.

26th January, 1936

Leaving Geneva todar f o r Danzig.

All the rlnglish rress, except the t w o anti-league isolationist

organs, praise Eden's work.

I fortunate in having the British as ;Rapporteur; it helps

t o make Danzig job a possible existence,

From the aindcw of the $ lo te l de la kaix, this morning, Geneva

does not look at its best, with m i s t and rain. The leke stcsslers

tied up f o r the winter, their moorine chains closely festooned

~ i t h seagulls; the drif t ing pctches of wild-duck and baldcoot,

a l s o ninter refugees, passing s l o w l y t o ~ a r Z s the outfsll of the

Rhine. On the other s ide of the l a k e r i s e the bluff towers of

St. i i e r r e and beyond the crest of ikon% Saleve above Geneva's

blanket of fog. The tramcars rumble over the ~ o n t du %ant

BPanc ~ n d I mi only longin& to 5s back a t home ~ 4 t h d s i o - kame is where 31si.e is,

3rd P e b r u a ~ 3 ~ ~ G . Dcnzig.

I have been maitink: f o r the s i t ua t ion to develog a litt,e

Last week, the 33th January, celebrations in Dmaig led tc

several public sdeschss, Greicer and Forster on tbe s a e ,p la t forno

Greisor also gave a carefully sreynrcd interview, Be stuLiously

avoided any very harsh reaarks e i the r zbaut the L e z p e or nyself - although naking the best of the s i t u a t i o n from the ?i,S. 2cinZ; of

view, Fosster, on the other hand, in2ertinent and irrs~~onsible,

aade me the object of a tirade, "Eow could we E X ~ J ~ C ~ a foreimer

to understand us or ow movement?tr ?+The H.C. 3. ends too w i l l i n g

an ear to the U220sltionat, There were a l so r e m r k s about my

emoluments that were not printed in his newspa$er, He =aPn

declared he was iiitlerls agent, eta,

So I rang up Grciser and he and his w i f e lunched w i t h uus en

forcfl'ie today, Be afterwards t o l a nc he iails most willing to

coorerate, Eave you the &ourex? 1 bsked. ile ~ ~ ? i i i th2t Eitler

w a s Leaving ~ o l i s h tznd Damzig aaatters! to Curing; that he ha& seen

Goring in i -e r l in and had now thc backing which he hgd not had

before, There s c u l d be a clearer divi~ion now between ;arty an8

covexment an6 he did not usan% eny question from 2mzig on the ;:ay

agenda. Z hardly needed t o guess Goring's orders , I wit; 1

ho~eC3 it ~ ; o u l d work out l i k e tf-izt but thizt things cou ld not uo as

they had been during the last s i x rs;onths.

Z mede various sugge~tions Lo l - i i ~ a£ a genepal natare and

he s a i d he ho2ed we coulG have a discussion on cny cuestion - v k ~ i ~ h

became in;larts;nt r;.f thout 3ottcher (and my Pziund ~ u i s t i n i a n i > : it was n o w & l f f i c u l t to talk freely in tt,e presancc of others.

I . y door '2ema go t m. through the conve~sa t i on ~ u f f i c i e r ~ t l y

well.

Then ::hen we were talk in^ GI a f i o l i k y I was t h ink ing

of i n the Ears Kountriins, he cfferec? t o have us sent frorn 3cv.li.n

in ars S.S . car!! After all the i r e s s outburst, it's a l i t t l e funny,

I think ge'll go to the iiiesengebirge.

I neation@& Ffs speech an& 2. said F. he^ i n s i s t e d on rc2ly ing

to me but there would be no mar?. af it.

Then ~a;lee (who had teen a weak in ia~is) c m e In Istur. Be

thought Genova h a d tsught "them+? a lessen, and was 2articufarly

>leased when I told him soeething of ny talk ~ i i t h G o - essecially as the or5ginal vsoposal ha& been frorn G o T"&d 9 m a so~evrha't

hodcful but n;r sad werience of the ,+&st year na&s me cizt:tiou9. 1

f e l t , hoveuar, tha t the stone wall I ha% been faced vith chring

the nine ziionths, Iris& been taken &Ovt?lo !.y p l i c y was t o ;lait

to see actxal results; not to 2ay t o o nuch attention to F1s

ingertinent vituperat ion on the first occasion but to eeal with it

only if the govexnrzent's policy ~ e r ~ s i n e d u n c k n ~ a t 2 .

15th February, 1936

J u s t back fron a week at the Teciunauznsbaude (89Q n.) a

mountain hotel above Knumhubel, in the Riesengebirge, Mot the

usual &e luxe w i n t k r a2urts hotel - l o c a l architecturtl l characteristic retained - much gaintea wood, even i n the be&?ooms, o l d Gernan mattoes and 2raverbs on the w a l l s .

"ireutsche dein und 3eutsche kcsber

Sind die b e a t s Z e i t v e s t ~ i e b e r ~ ~

Die k i t ~ r i n ~ e n von uunden in d i e Gestrawne ist

y o l i e s i l i c h verboten.

And over a public tennis court: "Die Juden h&en kefne! e u t r i t t U .

The lattes was the only sign of the new Gcm~?nye H only saw one

or two unf forms. Fellow-guests mre mostly rr.iCdle-class Gemms

with a bunch of Relchswehr of f i ce r s an shor t leave - some nice looking f e l l owa . Yie brought the snow with us and af te r a b y or

tvo enjoyed some ski-ing.

Soeneo 7.15 &.m. Sudden music in our corr idor , k-ersisting,

it required a ssmewhat irritated inves t iga t ion by Llsfe , "ithat is

the ms%c for?" she asked the Xa2elle gathzred round a beboom door ,

They gazed at her sonewhat sheepishly. A blonde fuzzy heed of a

- 40-year old "young 'unv stuck out and y iyed (in ~ r t g l i s h ) "1 have a

b i r t h & y l u qtSchrecklichtf4 tt%rchtbarn, ctc., from L l s i e , $'at a

quarter pas t seven in the n~rrmlng.~ There vae no =ore matutinal

music on our corridor.

Another bunch of n e ~ ~ s k a p e r cuttings ewaited ne, Across a

2age the ' 'Daily Sxijress f laante& "Leame ' s Zrish watchdog returns

t o 3 ~ i l ~ z j . g ' ~ . B 8;ieci;if corrr;sponCc.nt het& besn sent $0 re&ir;rt the

r i o t s which would, they ho$e&, wue t ne, 3aiPing this, he ~ a & e a

mystery ou t of nty return - pol ice d idn t t kaow; goverment B i k r i ' t know; no i n fome t ion et my office, e t c , The secret end. r n > ~ t ~ r i o u s

arr ival w a s , as usual, by getting my car t o nteet se at dirsch ('i'cha)

and thus save xze a cougle of ?LO- is i n Ihe t r r i n ,

A11 ~ u i e t ,

16th February. 1956. sE:

Childsen have been able ski ell v:etjk with a go02 fall of 6120~.

One o f De Valerats sona k i l l e d r i d i n g in the -hoenix >ark.

Greiser gone shooting in koland v i t h General Gorizg as ~vss - t s

of the rolisb rresident,

18th February, 1936

Greiser outlined t a h r his ;mogosed changes in the law.

li;xtrmnely corilfal. Be shot f ive boars in .the i slish hunt - the t o t a l bag 36,

Elsie t o b y received f ron the wife of Foreign Einis ter k c k ,

f o u r beeu t i fu l hand-made models of xJo12sh peasants in c s s l w e s sf

CsacW snd Z*&j?;.~ene.

Ke can only return Irish t ~ t e o d . h;;

~&st$mi repor ts a grcst success in Abyssinia ulien fifty

thousan2 white tr00ds s t o r n e b a g-z-0~2 of ~o- - t a in s ,

he is full of It,

.A lctter from Jose2h G1L

on his two books, "A Wind From The 2or thU an& SfLad dnder =;ri-l~31d':, &t

I hope he %-ill write more of the sass quality.

Five weeks ago I wrote t o JOE Kalahe about ny r e - a * ~ ~ ~ o f n t a a n t

here: no re2ly. Quite l i k e Ceaeva e x p s i e n c e s ,

3 b ~ e sdent t v o morning2 trying to fix up ssven or eigkit

dinners of 22 each. rely Cifficulty is in trying to asesablo

2arties of 3a.nzigers who won't walk out ~ i l ~ e n they see each other4

An invitation fron Countess vorz Pinchenstein to week-end in

Schloss ~ch&nber~r t o o cold to do the three hours* motor run.

"The Gftnesses of Jehovahw, othervioc the "8ibfe Serrcheraw

send me a 2etition. The ~ r g ~ i ~ a t i o n , 17iLh Paerican heaii~uarters ,

was Isst i s u t m supsxessad in aanzig, fo l lowi r ig 3~riin's exetm_;le;

it was Bleged their k t r b e s %ere h o s t i l e to rrthe $Letsu,

Children j u s t eanrc in f-om t h e i r r id ing, As nsual, we g e t a l l

the go~sip of the dablest they know every one of the f o r t y hozses,

and we hear the latest of ?red, a& ~rirrce, T i t u s and Lzey, Lux and

"Eluas a d Boly"o kt-rince is having a f o o t massaged and is @ng to

a farm f ~ s a rest and iurrn didaft knoxr in t i n e t o say zoad-bye t o

him. ~ b d tvo lovely new f-rurses have axrived - young an4 lively, "and they nearly threw H e r r 1Iaakt' (the r i d i n g gastes 1, Ant %he

question of akiich horses they x i l l have for the aei t feat u?;ill

yrovide table telk f o r days.

21at Feb~ucr,y, 1936

Thin afternoon to h o y p a t - 1 4 ~ Centikyade w d e s zero - t o see ".,

t h e frozen see. i ; ~ l k e d i d o n , t h e ++ier, s o l i d I c e f o r zbout 400

yards m d cloarely packed ice f loes as fa r as oae could see towrrds

E e l & or aanzig. Seawards they seemed to stretch a ~ ~ i l e . 3oys

snd E~en were walking a quarter of EL m i l e f ron thi! shore, 'r3~ll y t,

gathered icicles on his jowls while carrying ny stick.

Tonight wa vent to a SYiusikreiten:about 40 r i d e r s in costmes

in the electrice1J.y lit menege - v@ry ' ~ y looking. Dorothy ;::ary dressed in a (1: th ink) white chiffon dress rith nany flounces, s

pretty o l d L h ~ l i a h poke straw bonnet, end her m m y v s l i t t l e

shoulder cape of ermine. Very p e t t y , with the \.ride s k i r t a3r-ead

over her chestnut krorsels hindc,uarters. She got the PireL r r i z e

with the s m e dress l a s t year.

A great ice-harvest is going an. There fied been no ice on

the &onOs until a week or so ago a d one forecasted expensive ice

next a m e r . 1;s we drive through the white country side we see

nany carts laden sith ice-blocks which are stored in stone vaults

under ground, The Frisches Waft is frozen and sone boats t ry ing

to reach Fi3L1au from dlbfng are caught, $::any east rlruesian roecis

are said t o be anor-blocked, so i t a s well we d3.dx1't agree to 60 t o

schenberg t h i s week-end.

:..axinur;l terni;eratwe during the A ~ ~ ~ t 24 ~ O W G 10 d ~ g . under

zero centigrade,

22nd Tebruary, 1936 -..ILIIII

Lunched with Ilinisttlr I stpee. Greisers ter\e. Ttzlked cith

J.rs, id's brother ( ~ o m a n h n t iaobrzanski; vqho served in the ~olish

* * . Legion in the wnr, ~ i t h rsa>ee. (Austrian my) He won the f.mgts

;rise st O l p 2 i c , London, international riding, a f e w years ago.

ile was with the shooting >ar ty lest year b n I missed a f ine boar. a

iihat trophy it ~ i o u l d have been1 I Becsived and gsssed draf t legislati'& ful f i l l ing. the Council 's

24th Tebsuary, 1956

1 read that Sir Alexander Cedogtapl, British knbasaahor in

Chins, is returning t a be sn kssiet~nt Under Secre ta ry of State at

the Fore ign Office.

I reca l l sdeaking t o Prenk :lelters at Geneva in Jarwry z b o ~ t

the Hcare-Lavd proposals (~taly) and he said was

the villain of the piece. I rep l ied that he had put h i s govemuaent

into a "nice messM and Frank said it WGS only a queaticn now, he

thought, of finding the right nian t o replace hb. Gadogant s

apgointnlent may have some bearing on t h i s .

I knew Cadogan wells he at Genew for years as head of

the Sritish P.C. League Section. In I re land and in 2 ~ r o p e he would

be described as "a typical ih:;lisbm?f - very reserved, an air of inbifference, if not su5eriority. - those ~haracteristics which are not, I think, a national asset. Of course he 1s not a bad

chap ~fki.ihen one knons him w e l l : but his gogularlty woulZ always be in

a l i n i t e d c i rc le . I vrorked. beside him a lot in the Council , but

I don't recal l m y impression of n t r i k i n c brilliance.

I:n e r t ic le by PZs~imir &'(;ylirecsasi - z -t 213. knovn French ,;.-iebliciat - on , i t ?z*LsEZnr '~ th ree y:.e&~.s of ;;azi rL:girto, Ceocribec Y * .

i

~ ~ ~ t l z r - "persoraage ecr;ez errl~ai:t i p o , cbtolymen+, iktnche cles \ 8

t i ens Be ce con%e, shrPc, i n t u i t i f , a la fat-a ~ c t u c i e u x e t

~y~tiqae", ~ ~ l i i c h 5 f i a d f s i r lg juet, * > i t k ~;-~cpin:.: - ~n t h e "ri~$t"

~t,.t.r,d ;:o.-lbLe'Ls csn tho r4'142ft'\ w w h t ~ ; ; i i 3 , b.: the next nove of t31e

Z4akse r , f3$ ,, e nrzy = bsco~es increaeifigly i c ; i .or tant and thht ~ e a n s

"the r i ~ h t " bzt . ; ~ ~ b t f ; ? l ~ , ~ ~ . r l ~ a ~ s more closely rc,scsents t h e

i n t u i t i v e irie~s of 1 ~ i t l . e ~ .

Ge,arture on ColiZ~y, I az~tiased t o kh s o ~ e af the ixci6ents

kt ;ot;ali: see the 1-olfce ~resislent snd t h o kit7td of %be 5.A. before

3. ezving l~anzig and irr;;ress ui~on the^ ttkLat such tkiings d1ouI.6 not

recur; tlaat he bad zn WderstaaGing idrth the TZigh Coxi~:issfoner

anti o ther interested Ajnrtics &nC w o - ~ ~ l u insist 22on the avoidmcs

I have greviuursly noted thzt I Lzve , ~ r c t t g kigh oiJinion of 1

the ~hrawdness o f Le, Koe, ~ i h ~ , on ~ . ~ C C O U I ~ OT hi3 dos i t ion , is zf GO

things xere ,oiric t o Lo much ezsier, I + C+.rh **upd .. +, CS h': d r ~ ~ b t f ZP& the

sit:aatisn in obssrvinzr cart rhey ?:eve had cnoxlgh; they w i l l e b t out

t o the Leeme a d the a c t i o n af the Zouncii had baen ineviteble

8116 necessary, "Abaolutel,y neces%&ry," he re;ifiedt, ana then I

retuned t o 1 ? 1 ~ bridge table.

c i a f i n Pi&enstein, s very big Geman Ian&-ovner in the east ,

i s staying with n;e et the nonerit;, Shs is nut g o l i t i o t d but takes

an i n t e l l i g e n t int~rest in ; i o l i t i c s for social ~ B E B O ~ E a d

excolient comec t ion with i m y o r t a t &eo&le in ?ezlin, as her i ~ l a e s

in ~ 1 s t rrussia is rather a show ceotle and they v f ~ i t her, in

convsr~at ion ~ihe vof unleere6 the r%fz;.a~~k zSat Y'oreter wzs regwdsd

by the vast najorritg of his &&rty as a disaster for 3snzig and that

. nothin& has aeved him but %ha sentinental interest of the -ubzer,

she s a i d tha t "thee were two 2 0 s t ~ ; in viev Eor f i i m s lone was t h a t

af Gaulaiter in &st r,ruasia, but charges aade q ~ t f n s t the 2reseat

holder recently in the c&rty - eone keopl.6 alleged a y l o t from the esrtrae L e f t w i n g - have l e d to hia justification, The ellerlzittive s2okcn of is Forstes's &ttscbent to %err i I I t l @ r l ~ ~ersona31 staff,

On the otkier hand, 1 have as y e t had rio railson to beflozve that

there is any imediate intention to rcmove hb. iremident Gseiaer

%ill meet Forster, who is at &rsseut absent from 2ansig. I have

heard an good authozity that ?:?orstar has baen a m e b by 'the i e x t y

a~z thor i t i a s ir; b:i;nich to go quietly.

The daainant i d e a l s of the 3st ional S c c i d i s t rsrty wouP2 make

it difficult in the b e s t of circmstancea t o esrdect edp~ifnistratiori

120 2er~ cszit Lrsyal t o the ssirit u f the Constit;eztion, C;n the other

ban&, 1 b ~ v e no eviCence t o show that the ~~r~zag1.1~2 TUCCOEB of Garrkii~y

was not real and not nersly a mamentarj acqulescenca of the ~ ) e o s l @

concerned, h s g i t s of EX cmtiaus; feelings about the future, er3f

conviction i e hcreasing that not on13 ' 8 ; 1 ' i ~ ~ the &~11 icy which l e d t o

ny aeimrt an the f i r m e s a of the Repyorteur &rid the :ow?cil

inevitable if League prestige were t o be ~ a v e d , but that t h i e firm-

ness will bs j u s t i f i e d by rzore than the inmediate success - by aubsequemt effecls oa the p o l i t i c a l s i tuf i t ion in 3rznzig.

G f course %n regard to 3aneig no-one l i k e s to dro2hesy f o r a

long 2e r iod or, knoxfng the ~ituation ane its inherent difficultfes,

not t o be grotifis& in tBa ~ ~ r o s p e c t of a year o r even six ~ o n t h s of

corrqarative aal~3.. &it there may be more in it than tfmL anc?

parhaas the seving of the fouricititions of Leapa euthority in this

t e a t will$ if w ~ d %hen future end even rzori3 CiffPcul t k s s t s cor;e,

streng$hen the League in its sfforts t o confine action to dacific

a d l a g a l slse%hod~.

I have ~ritten t h i s note rafkar ow~~t ious ly , I mi bacorrtfng

Bore conviaced that v e b v e had a very geri~irie suaeeea, w d that

I may have a quieter time till 15/1/37. Consul Block, 24 yeare

in 3~iaei&, s a i d fo Elsie last night that no B,Cw ha2 ever had such

a, bad time as I t so I have earned a l i t t l e peace,

Countess Pinchenstein shen in B o ~ e about Christcee had an

U t e r v i e w of 33 minutes (exact tima ~ u b ~ ~ q u e n t l y ~ ~ Z O W C C B t o her

in 3csl int) with 2;:ussofini. On her return to Berlin she asked t o

Bee Zitler and hE;& tea sith bin and a two-hours conversation,

(3abbling in high p o l i t i c s ? i!;uch trlk recantly o f Italo-Gcrmcn

rspprochnent but Cemtany cautious . j Cemeny-i o land-Uwgr~>~- Austria-Italy i a the wagge~ted line of alliance, 9n

balance it aeems unlikely: t o o many 4iff i s u l t i es. 1 1 - i g i r 3 r w

Italy, or Btm~alny-Ge,~mxy, $erhar s . A: s p r e t e n b o d r ep ly to the Franco-Itussian - Little &tent@ move, Uitlsr t a l k e d to ker of many 2zrsonsl t h i n ~ n , She say8 he

l i k e a beau t i f u l m 3 ~ : e l I - d ~ e s s e d woaenl &s has a ~ictress in, or

from b:unich. r ,eoj l t ; , he said, hetd been 2ressing him to szttrqy but

hs s a i d hes would have t o leavc t wife too nueb d o n e , ( ~ t m a

cornonly s a i d t3at it w u ~ E, who p e ~ s c d Goring to marry his

mistress, Sonia, last year.)

F, e l s o had arn musing stozy uf en encounter with the

I t a l i a n ;-iniotcr f o r ;tcricultare, Signor She had seen

hin in his o f f i c e and be he6 asirpd! her to return, lie beceue

a?korous and seiaed her in his 8m8 - & s s d i t @ her 3rotests, She s a i d she was afraid of ~o~@thir& ha2,enirig on his table!t She gget

o f f v i t k her h a n C narked with e cos2let2 set of teeth!

28th February, 1%

Another dinner of 32 l s s t night. Senator h e c k (5t3ilcatisn)

and Vofkstg. rri538. 3e;le. I talk,~"d with them alone, rr A'WO "mz&~ine-

guns" of Gerrr;an were concernt;~attx3 on me r~hen i had z ~ m e d tkem ug

and I z o t the i ~ r e ~ ~ i a n "cv %ere both h ick~ly gretf flied. with the

opportunity, Go* 'i-,xL~reas best b t ~ t t m t f m e : Z zin;:lcd eL;,Ix~i,at ive

r e ~ a r k n rith azcccional r 2 o t s of rtkrnnecc - ".','e coul8 not hzve any

repetition of 12st year's yolicy, ' ' etc.

Zeg'ierungs-rres. Bihid8in.g fron set rrrussie stayad the nic2.t

with US. 5e goes o f f an pension next month, and .+retiente& me x i t h

his yhotogniph, 'fie both l i k a :,in. Ee s a i d to mc that it xould

be a 2 i ty to chkng~ 3igh Conmissioner at te end of the year. He

bad bad mother %elk lest week with Srsieer and L:i&d ag-in e ~ 2 h ~ s i e e d

the hnist&ea the Censfe had n ~ & e with YCL;ELF& t o zt3 ;~ersonl.12fy

he beldeved things qould now 60 aucb quieter - a comon vicw, it will be seea.

ihen'a f i r a t of f ic i r3 . karl imcntsry speech aa Sorei ia Linis ter

s e a s to confirm the new y o l i c ~ tk ia t kwoijean deaee as a whole is

of British concern - a deliberate break, with the old, Bore csutloas, ax&, as I think, more dmgsrous ;ioliey cu disinteressenent. Be

seelcs t o go further t h a Baldwin's w o r b about the S r i t i sh f r o n t i e r

being on the ~lbine.

The publicstion of the secret Xaffey r e y u r t (;me 35) in

Italy on British i n t e r e s t s in Abyssinin hss, if anything, helped to

restore the norel ~iu tho r i t y lost by the Goare-Lava1 incident in

3ecember.

The 2rench Sh.arrrber has mtifieck the P x n ~ 0 - 3 u s s i ~ i ~ i L B C ~ .

2.x called, to see T;,e toclay. ~.aongsL other zattera

." k:e said that "on i,:on&y lest you sent a l e t t e r a&&xtisged t~ ..re

Bvenol. It was to go by X i s ;,:ail and to bs rc~istercd. It

arrive& fn the - o s t liffice tit five ~inutes befor2 the 3.ir ;:ail was

catta to close. Thc Istter bad been fiazded in when t h e &?inaiss l

* t N ~ z i Flefscher in the head ~ s s t Gffice, v;ho is a State o f f f c i a l

and who in the ordfnaqy courge would have been o f f &ity at t h t

time, ep2ezrc&, took 2osaesion o f t3is letter 2nd in con2aar with

another ~ l i n c r of f i c i s l brought it i n t o the tovm. It was broucht

back half an hour later and des2atch{~2 by A i r ::a13 tcr Xonisberc in

order to catch a s2ecial hir ::ail froru " t a t town and to avoii? my

obvious delay.

"Tho letter was taken ou t sf the ordinary channel t h ~ o u g h

which rsgi.r2;2;e~ed corr$~ponbance yasses and sonsidc;r&ble fndimatiort

was f e l t by tfie o f f i c i a l s whose euty it would have been t o be

rea~onsfble. It i a not ho*#13 hoc the off icSd. c o n c a r ~ ~ e d c m e

to be on the 820% at the manent when the letter W ~ E hm&ed in. I'

Fomalfy he xould have been a3sant et that t ine , The l e t t e r was

Bzndaii in by ;":lse Zaomer, pz messenger clerk in ny o f f i c s , r(

11 is s a i d t b t the yos t a l o f f i c ia l fron whon the letter wss

taken would be prepared t o atate 13" put on oath that this was done.

Some fu r the r enquiries are 2raceedinc before 1 w i l l cons'der teLin&

ug euch Q. matter with the Gavarmerrt, but if S g e t fur ther aon.fim&-

t ion 1 will give them the fright of' their lives with the threat of

a publ ic scandal eit such an autragaous sequel to :-11 t h e essuranees

I have been reoeiving.

Zn the l e t t e r , - if it has been b s ~ e c t e d (a natt~r for ~ i h i ~ h wfth all letters posted in 3 a r i z i ~ I havs beerr krta2ered to coun t )

the investiggtors would f i n d nothing but evidence of honest dealing

and -ooC will, (~ebruary 27th, f83cl)

L a ~ f t s r n o o n tris ts Sehiefenhsrt, i.3 t t : c L'is.ttzla. "?k: c A i

;-rzat r i v e r is kalr f rozen uves ant: Sasga floes d r i f t & o m in

asases in the open h a l f , ii couple of ~teairr~ers kee i . mcvinp U:J

and down to kee; it ctlaar, 'Lhtrn the thaw &eveiokJs the r;&ni:.ero.;cs

deys %ill, con

save ths life of er go=ag insur,rer?t,

dell, 3 'm afraid rs. sub-eiitor wc,uld cut it zbotlt if he

intended to pib l i sh it,

The BSehcr is emxioue tc burs it published in Ire3snC.

Spent the day wi th Lbs ole at !+wastadt, OF

rather :3@~e,ro%a~o in frb& +t G~rrido~'' + The old lady full of gosai2 ,

as UEU&~. frer daucktes f s h laCy-in-waitEng t o the Crown

:'rinceca who, with her huab~nd, was a w e s t et - rincasa ;< arinata webking in Lurkdon last ye ir, The C ,:.. k i d es te3 .L with C E O , V, an& the ctox-y Loec that the I - i n ~ wcs "very =:-;ti-Ger;rimEz i r ~ his

senti~ent~, The Co*~r i tass geve no ' e t & i P ~ but r ~ ~ a r k e d t h a t

d w a r d V T i I was +*betteri*. She ha& t a lked t .hile fr 3srlin vifth

ths eargears who h d a;terated on Eit'lar's k~zura% l a a t l.ay, and ~ t t s

fufP of t h e sifii2licity of the fFuker, The surgeon Imd ta tall

I l , be would yrobeb3.y h v e n o more tsaub2ey but he m a t n o t ecreGa

in his pub1 ic meetings. A doc tor vith e c:edicine chest reesy for

any kind of' acci&ent ar ~ l i s b p always travels with £is

Tbs stxr?Caon aant back ;i:'~ cheque far 18,f.X-G a m k s ; then wrced

t o use ft for h i s studentr-3 but Be i n ~ i c t e d an& cent k.im an

s d i t i t i o n a l 3S, rj .,; E ~ Y ~ E from kC'i:5 p2r~sona;ll fands far the ;oor ~tudenta,

&e B e e m t o l ~ v s dca3.t in our t a l k orrly t ~ i t h crctwzred, or

uncrowned heads of staten. st or t h e 2o;;ntssa h&d ~oseik s b o ~ t

. n ~ s e o 2 i n i , too, ?or c a y years h i s doc to r w ~ i s a :kwh who r e t ~ m o d

-:ame a couple sf ;pears sgo anlr had k o l t i it 4'~fe:z& t%?,hzt i. woul5 GO

r ~ e l l e r i o~gh as Ion,; as h i % tr~ther nas ~ r l i v ~ . This L r ~ t 4 ~ c r Piad

been his confident and tidvisri-r tinu h d a 1 l o t . e ~ 2 im t o barkc r;ff

$ t b ~ ~ ~ n . 7-1 brother &ied eightccn a e u t h ~ acoo, jusst b e f o x ? ::eni%o

s t i ts tau tilt! d rSc t ; r z , , l~iaj s e i d tho 3oucrtess zignf f'ical'lily.

iiitllzk in the rccr;.r&s of ;ti 2tjnevr: h o a r i b l i~ oxfu T E ~ C X ' Z ~ S ~ to

~.an:to +-,, (I think he was tieen ii stone-clcbscsn) slrfitsinc frorc a bail

~ t t a c k of FL Y W ~ ~ ~ U S ~e;gtltll C ; ~ B C ~ B D ~ t-~iPi'ticB so i : i&t i&~z~ ; ~ f l e ~ t ~ the

h a d ;

. - he o l d : o a t , vgf:~ti~zin;_: t!ir*ol-ti~b S i a ailvzr thraat , ct;sz,

ptael l , you have bet~aen you 3eLtLod ui; -*uro;e$" and added thsL be

air?, not s t i & r ~ k i i ~ ' I I : ~ ~ ' F ~ * c : ez~Lhzsiu3~i f o r tiit: rulerc of' L i C r i : . a ~ o

3rd &arch , 19%.

;o-mt mzfi C a z a t e ~ ~ ihr,e;gDir~ - 'sro ,a oar-: of Ll idcisgfs -.I! 4. = . i s a o i a t a t s - stayed ~ i t k i UB Ptst n L j r P 1 . e .&r of 2:' - and

Sera to r E;l.scko t he ,irjac$;lal o f f i c i a l g d e a t viris the last f c lecoe.

iz 's yowig wife r a the r helrleos: fom,@sly a ~ ~ i n l c a s - f ~ t +

3udding g";et~ C Q Z ~ u t r m ~ e ekeciaens in the ''@zcciizng$e'' who

- - . l i v e with k in fro^ tiee to t i z i ~ ~ V O ~ 2ardt:aLt;z-g %be teillai US

the Zt iLcot - pi young "'reach bvron (? sio-diskzit). ';,hdy - .#. re -., brincinc hi^ o u t i~' t h u i r car, & r~ther o l d oue, &nc :he a e i T -

starter $:as not & J F O Z & ~ , "+.ie rlu:i~.,i" saic vcn "G8est ticn R '

curi?&..," r e ~ a r k e d t l io ?r?r;r;ch p e n t ) "$8 i i r ~ i v e j i r~ ia i~ &VL.C CIS 1

voiSurcs ?'rsncaS ees* " .-7 Thcy nrriveb at .dc?Llosa ,-,c?;5r,bar~ and f:c ~G'EJCG L Z Z S P ; ~ Z L T O ! ~ : ~ ~ .

i"' , , i : i o %rrb . -~~~r-~ ' jZ; : U* i \o i :~f:n ~ s t e . ~z.i(! : , i T l l ? * t b e l l o w it.

The s3u chstle - ~ A G nare3y ramurked - flaXfrsux''. at tFzc ti-r320 rod JeP3y B : ~ B ~ e r v e d ?kiith :;:eat - ?"V~ry &ruviaci&I suisine". ";. t j & t ie %his ~.aat?@l 6 t 2 i b i ~ r H * "Un peu oxZiakfr@, n'ost ca ,GB ? i d

i%ad so snr a wondsrful callecfion of remarks by a uss st, Z o a t e s s

Finckenetaln s a i d she would osk k a l & bga%rt t a 2wchtson &,air; t o

ex~ta;frie the a i s o c l ~ e a &or@ at'bteaztively.

Gsnsse~2 f e bond c&Jf ed .to see ee -this n;:tr~iin~:r 3ae ie ~-i;rsri:~ei,*-l

f o r eight years if the Intesriat ioz&l Z:jhi l~bmf ldiac ~ u ~ ~ z J c ~ : I " c ~ . ..- .-- .r suman w ~ m e s t will be matured %a Lbe ~ i d c l e of LFS?r s~ bcgirming

of ' 3 6 , C' ,ays liitlcx+,$ has betker advisers wii listen@ ncre f o thsa

th&xi ;:.cesoiir,il 9 s e ~ rnst see t ha t a aro2&J.ti;;n s e t t l e ~ ; l ~ ~ n t a i l 1 be

P L ~ o E G I E ~ ~ when Lke italim way is o ~ t uf the my. t ~ & l o o s thw

elevernesa of :'eekas @ ~ ~ J & Q @ & % Z C dancu - advrrncinlj. %:ere, haci:inc,-, iadvaaci~ 93 anof;!;er d i n ? ~ t i o n , doing~&ri0uts 2itSIe t e t ~ x i ~ in

be trstieia,

f a g s Kicks, the famous 21tlin cptbinze%-~&es, I ~ Q hat3 been

"the rageN far %any years, i s dead, A real 3ubLin "chnrccter";

saell s2,&ur6 =d broad jaokecnfq wcent ; a f ire%-class trmu&lczsc;;ĉ -rz

in t h e test 013 2uLlin tmi i i t ion, As ie three %tlPtl~fs ' l i J ~ him.

Zd~?~.t_lj.b VII bo~;;ht SOKC a f his ; w ~ ~ k &nit tke old ;:&a of Z0n5~c~r:ht

WSE? A ;a%r~n, An ou"t&oken, 53ir::&19, wzdff~c. tcd, Sndepzlet~dont o ld

chap.

has b e n causiog a C i l r ~ r e , It war i ' c .xed in L~nbcn, :-?-iris,

'.nshir;;-%an an& *-.~sccsw t h a t it @ f g h t bo tfi@ ;~=.oluc?@ t o 83 i,rte,r;s:',-

f f ca t i an of tbs cm2r~ig-n to &urninate Aeia, J K ~ L ~ T ~ BB SO% ~i&dih3

aume declars-tianc a t DSCOW which G ~ S B t he sitxat,i~ns. f ;XI ..td:~B"t%,

v in d m u a r y , .i said nor:;utking to 4,itvLno.Ef ~ b o ~ ~ t i the ?ELF ,.$a3 t .sr3

aitucnt%rc;tra, but he ra ;~ l i ed t B e t it. was ~ u c h easier -EL thirt La had

so immedf&te an~~aties, I t ;z,;lL~eazod he WTAS acre cariccrned&tout

his s a ~ a 9 e a n f ront ,

a Letter From f i ~ i * ~ ~ a l t w s said - TC the I t d j u n war - that things are not fyofng bsdly from the Leume i joint o f view, in c$ i t s

of the flea% ItsXim vict~r2es in the Earth.

- Since ther the !~engue "93'* hava ~ e n t r n ~ % ? ~ c r opdca3 t> the

d i e p u t w t s w d t h e ail eiiibargo rill, It aoulii ceczi, be ini2osod if

the ai~,.saP TntSls, X Geneva. ,aqer says the a::bzs;a is l ~ . : = l i c f t I .

decided UpOnr

TI wonder if ; ffottils words t o ne six I C ; " O ~ ~ B - that wet wuuJ.G haye ~ct t le t ;@nt; in :..arch - will prQVE? trzte,

had riew tho I ta l ius have b o ~ b e d a 3ritSr;h :ieB Crass >a~f t.

i robleas t i i ih the Seaate include Ecre P:e%s;japer q;icst iumia; a id

the aatter of i.;ij.&:.~itian ~ ~ ~ ~ t i r i ~ ; s *

!;usc&ar~ 3 rc,.ij%y j;lna reedy, e, 'to s,&e a with !,itfiua?lh offerad robsovr;u40es, in sorsew>~&t ;exox-irl turns (thu . .~rii;n

t e x t t;fs so:;,e~hat olacwe,, ra;.r~rdPng 01a1?~ s h ~ ~ s : 5 3 t!+f: EO&.

;*-\a$ ~;cx*~wqf will aaa b, pei;rdy T ~ ~ L L S ~ %C %$it2 ;89&iAQo

$1' ~ertoatictnaf ncus . + l . r & t ;.;ill f ~ + , ~ e n ? re-~~~u~~&;Lti i>rf f s , s a f a i t s ; ; c G o ~ Q ~ ~ , 1 bcbkovs i 2 e ~ c = ~ sr;.,koulr; ~ c s u & t it - not 6r, t k i ~

g a ~ o as the bra&.* by :el';m+ny of the &a,-% ;s' sf tho k'ersailf es

17,- i, Q ~ A ~ Y - but "t&o A z ~ ~ f " such r t s I ,.,@re assurgnecs zi2y bt;* neeaoG ELB t o the f " l ; t~ ra - u~j,~eci;illy

frontier questions.

;:anzicis flags are out a,:ait t f r ic ~;f"Yrrmlsn - with OOZ:.Q reason this tins,

r * yhig &&ae, hoy$&ver, it is s a t s a ; r :he :.ersciilXes A r e s t y %ha%

b~oken aith$rt & ycer dn no*, I~arxfazt s ~ y 9 ~ give k,ay ~ 0 3 f f C ~ T ~ C C - in

naking a new one. r ar9s has a;~; as l ed t z l tkia 8.ezgu;le 2aancil.

;den, in m (r;trliw.cnt, deno*mccs the Gercotl ;~c+yi~in, but :?ays t42e

f~ture I r nmro irrgort=t t t t u tho ,rerent,

aliaki ui%ow&-~ees ~wrif'ufated over .j;kie d i s t k ~ ; ~ t im C;ZLL& t8tvicerr

the z.'&se wii ..e&it.

5% is naturd to f e e l r u c h cyml.+thy for t h e coa@PetJon of

CemXai B O O C ~ E . ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; Y QVBF a i.:f JLLWLLLZL t f j r x i t o q v t but the

~;t;r%l*Latifs arc bad i ~ n d disco~rbgfrsg.

Ili+,leras rriovc m y I z ~ i ~ t c n ~~uro2ea.n st~bi2i t ;s t ioun but i% n , q ,

c.m %tie other hand, =move tbs i.lisre ~hich still perristeb of a

yeaceable set%K&caent

i yTf iwc ;* B e r l i n eorres6,ozsdexlt, tk.,ix&s his cou2 $e thr?alxs was

due to incrocsiug fhancia9 a d c c o s o ~ f c &iff i c u i t i s s , Tho actSor

se-s2st-r;blf shm G8s Saterw~I ~ ' ~ ~ t h o r i %sf, b ~ t has ~ e a k c s e i i ;-wo&e*a

oaf f Senee h c r e d i b l y ,

-heIan uriteo ID p,s t $ + " - - - - L l j a u ~ a I c sz t tL i~~c ~ i t f : , FA&?,OST8

"aver the ;?kLmlmld cad i i i t lerq B ~~eeck? . Et wE31, 3 .think, : v e t a

"fair ZCCG+ 2i031~ 318 makes c. ,:ood caoe t c ; *the rms:reJudicdd ra,ind

4' "mi, h i s r , f f e r s ior a u t t l e ~ . ~ r , t s ..as% :sid c s t x i l l n s t , 1 "-' ~ I L L E ~ ~ ~ be

"IS~htly reJoct;:d. h t is a 2 i t y t!;~ J .wi sk c;lurstfczn ~ i 1 9 rob

"him of u. lot of nu;.jort ho mi;;ht otht.raioi? hsrvo hat?. i'n3fi~h

( * y & l l bo in a ip~mdwy. Tiicrs is no ~ o u b t bit %:.at t h ~ iiieu of

v*scmctions %esr-,pared to z e c t tkc idfosgncrasiea c3;' $hC? E ~ ~ C r e n s D r

.. + % ~ a bas8 an ~lerent in ,raclpitating the ,rosest ,oaitiom~. i

*'&laiy.; nnie the Frofich oulc be u& ugoinrt this ui l~ l%i& but 1

t'ct.rttdnli- ai& not +,hink it vtoulc eonf2o:tt t i i o ~ x s o m e . . . . . . . , 0 elL~oarno or no ;oci;yno, my m e s s i s thirt the 2 :~ i t i z .h ;..ill not L:O to

'%ar necause C ~ m t m troogs occu2g e >art of 2uxueany. kt tfhe &:;st \

"they ?;ill atyrce t o sunctions a la 1tdoud%hiopicn and thr :'rf;nch

*footv,,ork. y i i f 1 be co::stting ta sakb a cloz-dnnccz e ~ ~ v i w u z . $1

i j i n ~ d w i t h fiarbour $oar& ses ictsnt x"eedert;i~~,-l f as: % night

wiLh chairs ~ e t ~ea*. '5ej.n htt, a iirayer aeetfw," 1 s a i d t o ,1

24~s. 2nt it g e ~ a 13clxar43 by k;@derbr~g%*s Caughtcr OZi 1 2 ~ 3 xc:lU%

row. I gassed t o the Lzck af ike TOOL"^, coacri;tuluted Z e L e r b ~ d ~ t ,

and to ~liy horror Xeazr~eB t t i e s ~ wzc; u a t k o s 1ect:;rc. %a cone, 1,

houm of' it bad been snori, ,B, 2 Oiid zu%if, G O . ~ Q s f c ? ctiy;;~ ~ j +

with m o t h e r e x c w o , ;-a ins i s ted ~ z d lef t .

lGedorP,r&g% thraatecs t o be &cther ";iubl ic r:ais~zice" i i r i %zzi i : .

*!Fin a 3 h i s echool-;;5xl ki io tc j r io~," w y a ,laic.

13 tb I.urch. 2256

3lrssd with I'oeht, ~ e l ~ - - l a n r+ , ~ e o m t e t l v e , last nickit. V G ~

fiadowlta shctod nus12 ne,rp.oEsncar and concern e e t o t h a o x t c a ~ . e of

the cau2 de f o x e fr, tk8 =EL,

Loch% etoliclly ~e;je&tod "You broke a Trraty freely en t&rs&

"- f ntav, LcC;ttl argxm:nts about the I + i $ l i ~ ~ - r : t i s ~ i m & a ~ t c ~ ~ n d e d

ssncwbt Skis - a f t h ~ t ~ ~ * b the C@xrc;.8,f; ~ f i P i ~ f ~ ~ 3 siano, ~~alccs +bi10 ' k ~ t af it, Yon F.. . ho;~ed tho C ~ t ~ c i Z ~ ::'%ich %iQLP zIt:ct in :,oricon un 15ttL, would no% :J;rPem far the ~ i t f ; ~ a 1 v a 1 of ;azzian ~ T O O ~ L ) E ~ . it

ooul;inet be Gone nor (%?leti. one nf ttic defects of dictatorships).

rley.es, j ae t back rrm ?jerl5n, ?m.f d the3 Exad eq,ec'Jed a bet ter

, .* re~zc:tdoa f~o~f i 3 t a 1 ~ olarid: *. '.zt % cyeer, f ncticsu i on

.:ew*atk &BB nat kresznt ct tlic :ICJ"Z:L~EZ co:i:=tel t s t i o r , ia:.;.:rtif.~~toly

, , r i o r f o last : .n t~rdcs , j?~a ~ o u i i .

Lû zizh f o r ~notkcs sccrc sf iJcarla2 today. I - kuve entc,.rt&inwi,

Cinncr sfid Pymcf:con, about 17;: cdnrin;: tl,.. . ,d:rct tko ~ ~ r t h t - u x d nore t o cor:,e,

Ex- resident d e b , sf ter Lur~eSeon~ tiai 6 ny actions wore

generaf3.y recognieed t o be carzLJfe tc ly objective; tnd that,

inoiiicntalf$, n;y fi,=ei;s ha& been ra. service to 2mzig ~t f l c i to Semimy.

some ezfsr t had bceo m ~ u s in the , reEss to cugt:-est 3 w a s unfriendly

to G c ~ m r i y but he had had n talk t w o months ncu v;ith a Cornan

Sabinet &.;in& ster, ( l understood it was von the

Assistat tiinf stcr f o r Porcib.n kf fairs) a d the ,iiai~t@r hiac sgoken

freely t~ him rr.uyfng thpy Zmd p e a t rcs,~ect fox EL@, :and f u l l y

ap&xocisted that I had dona &y beet to avoid difficulties and

caulk not ~ S Y G &uae morer iie Lab been t o l d that von iicurath was

of the same oyinion. kie Li8d said to t h e iiflheEmstrasse yeogle

that the main%enence sf th* Constitutian here was essential

ZIUPwark of 3 r ~ ~ ~ ~ l ; i . g ~ Gerraanism.

Liehm was Geman iiatianaliat rres, of the Senate for aany

yeare axid 'has close comectisne with Ge-man goverment peug~be Sn

cransequesrc;e, if not a i t h the @,S, :arty. fie is not Xszi h f a s e l f

but a Geman gstionalist, and baa a long record o f service. He

~uggested l. should occas%onaTly ses von 14. in derfin, bu% I

oxylained that. vihile Grtmmny was not in the League Cslllaoil that

mi&% ereste ai f f icul t ies .

u t h ; . L E P C ~ ~ 3936

League Council ~ e t in London, rrrrrd a f t o r hearing Frenee a d

Belgitmi, inviteti Gercafiy to be rc;.~rcsoated, It -::ill be very

difficu3.t Esr Bitler to refuse.

A naall bridge dimer, dotinsons, vovl Zadowits*~, r r a l i

(italizn) and :+me. Gorka (i o l i s h ] . Von ii. nuch ncre cheer fu l .

15th Arch, 1956

Eeevy cnow. Skta~:rock sent by the blgthes. Lsvlcss, has

arrived to he12 in %kc off ice. ,*I ~ s y s 1 ~ 2 sas not s u r e vhcn he l e f t

LaaCon if the international situati~n ~ o u l d &.!revent h % ~ fro^ ever

reaching lianzie;. ( 1 l . i ~ fsther was Irish; a rollstive of our' 2oet

h i l y JlewXess j ,

Tea arith PO;, who showed me a l e t t e r mi t ten by hirr to s

fxiend in Geneva, 2royhesying the o u t o o ~ e of tho Zemcn sifuation

as the r i s e of &n extreme radical $arty, an the r ight- wing of

gstionaf i s m , to which ex-of ffcers, o f f i c i a l s ~ :P thout a future, the

2roletariatiaed gfddle clscs, and t h e entire youth o f Gerrnikny

t~atsld be attracted; ED& which vuu3.d P a t c . r Lead to was, 2 % ~ f irst

>art of h i s pro2heey has come true: n n ~ r the secocd ;;row to be

f a3.s~.

Ituc,t anxjous t a d fsr~rful sf the otktca~o of %k; 2rasent situs-

t im, 4 9 ~ wai ted me t o %rite t o $&en Lo sug~est that the @etr~m

troo;ta ~oigkit be s.itiii;raanz fratxi the I~uLch and. Belgian i'roneiera - if not from the X'rkach. T s a i d I could not bzZiavo tkaf

complzami~e had been overlooked in Iierlia EX&& i,oniion. It wtk'0i2ld

grea t ly imz;rove the the moral a d golitical situation of Sorr'snyr

-v it v a ~ 9 r s th t - r e o,uestir;n d'os ,~cz;.;any, Ge saia h. :+ozrl@ write t o

a f r i e n d in close touch % i t k von Geurath. 8 '

Soe had lisZreaed to 33. sa)eakin[; in : 1~nic1.r fast nityht rtnG

said he ~ t m o k , a11 through his sraeck, an a~~ologet ic and

defensive ncte. (~uiatiniani later reni8rkt.d that hc? bed bud a

sfniilar irn;-rreseion). BarlSr; ztndovlbtedly u;srde &?other hlWder,

is ,jc;rha>s genuinely slilor~rised at t h e consequeaces. &kt 13 11.

losing hin nerve? (I haven't road tho s,.eech y2t myebli.)

Cem:xazlyts repfg to the invitation to ~ t t e n d the Courrcil is

sn a c c e ~ t m c e "in &rlnci;jlew vith the condition that her constmc-

tive proposals shoule bo $fscusse& si;=maltsneownly ~ 5 t h t h e ct,usstion

of her bmach of the Locarna Treaty. ThSs h r s added t o the

difficulties of a situation alrouay cr i t ica l . Plonbin says he

would leave London before he would scceyt such a pro2osa.l.

Por the second time in a year Z begin to think of what t o do

with ny faaily in case sf wer. Actually so, One aesopllsne, or

one machine ,gunner might in the $resent slttastticm 2recfpitate the

unthinkable disaster. A boat to Sweden or Denmark with ag. fmfly

on botm& would leave ae hers with a, less anxiaus mind. But wodLd

one havs time to pack them o f f ?

One tbirrc fs certsh, I believe no -- one wzn2le war. BSotatorshQs have virtues F A ~ & uses, but also disadvantages,

/ *@;hen a Zitler as s I::ussalirai does s a ~ e t h i n g *ith eclat, ha c=~crt

GO back without ''hosing: faceu, A l l tho aore reason for dictators

t o &t ~nl-;~- with the groatsat prurience - not to act on an eaotionsl conviction that they are ss~i-6ivine. 1% is as well to

leave that conviction t o the nob, a d to listen carcftally t o advice

of' traiaed cormsel lors who h o ~ : the world, Cem~ariy k e ~