1996 ENZYME LEACH SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAM NTS … · 1996 ENZYME LEACH SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAM ... II.0...

1996 ENZYME LEACH SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAMPROSSER 44

PN 8178

NTS 42A/11

Prepared forFALCONBRIDGE LIMITED Timmins Exploration Office

November, 1996

42A14SWD048 2.17013 PROSSER

Andre Taillefer Geological Technician

010

RECE.I

j'AN '^ i

MINING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... l

2.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 2

3.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS....,,,,,,,,.,.,.,.,,,,,,...,.......,....,.,,.,.,,,,.,...., 2

4.0 TOPOGRAPHY, VEGETATION AND WATER AVAILABILITY........................... 2

5.0 PROPERTY STATUS ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,, 2

6.0 PREVIOUS GEOLOGICAL WORK.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2

7.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6

8.0 PROPERTY GEOLOGY.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6

9.0 1996 SOIL SAMPLINGPROGRAM,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.1 INTRODUCTION,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.2 ENZYME LEACH THEORY.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.3 SAMPLING PROCEDURE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8

10.0 DATAMANIPULATION,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

II.0 1996 ENZYME LEACH RESULTS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

12.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10

13.0 REFERENCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11

LIST OF FIGURESFIGURE 1. Location Map - Prosser 44 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,, 3 FIGURE 2. Claim Location Map - Prosser 44 ,,,,.,.,....,.,..,,,.,,,.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,, 4 FIGURES. Claim Sketch - Prosser 44 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5

LIST OF MAPSMAP l: Copper and Iodine Profile PlotMAP 2: Copper and Iodine Values PlotMAP 3: Zinc and Bromine Profile PlotMAP 4: Zinc and Bromine Values PlotMAP 5: Manganese Profile PlotMAP 6: Manganese Values Plot

APPENDICESAPPENDIX I: Statement of qualifications APPENDIX II: Enzyme leach theory APPENDDC III: Enzyme leach raw geochemical data APPENDDCIV: Statistics

42A14SW0048 2.17013 PROSSER U 1UU

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

An enzyme leach soil geochemical sampling program was completed in late August 1996 on four claims on Prosser 44 in order to evaluate the deep base metal potential of the property.

The property covers the northwest portion of the Quartz Porphyry Hill rhyolite. Past drilling and mapping show this to be a prospective soda depleted, felsic volcanic centre with a sulphidic horizon of the northern basal contact.

Results of the enzyme leach soil sampling program have outlined two possible mineralized horizons in a geologically prospective area. It is recommended that a high power TEM or IP geophysical survey be conducted to further outline possible diamond drill targets.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

In August, 1996 a soil geochemical sampling program was carried out on four claims in Prosser 44 (Figure 1) in order to evaluate the deep base metal potential of the property. The subsequent soil sampling survey was designed to explore for indications of economic mineralization. Soil samples were analysed for trace elements, after being treated by the enzyme leach partial extraction technique (Clark, 1992), by ICP/MS courtesy of Activation Labs Ltd (Actlabs). Results are then used to define geochemical anomalies in overburden possibly related to underlying mineralized bedrock.

3.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS

The south side of the property is accessible by following Highway 655 for 32 kilometres north of the junction with Highway 101 in Timmins. A gravel road referred to as the " Sheridan Road" extends east from the highway across Prosser Township, and the southwest corner of the property is 7 kilometres east of the highway. This road runs along the south edge of the claim group and thus provides excellent access. It is drivable by two wheel drive except in the winter, when access in via snowmobile from the highway.

4.0 TOPOGRAPHY, VEGETATION AND WATER AVAILABILITY

There are no prominent topographical features on the property. Relief is uniformly less than 10 metres. The distribution of forest cover over the claims consists mostly of black spruce, alders and some birch. There is a clear-cut area immediate southeast of the claims.

A stream which flows north into Prosser Lake occurs 400 metres west of the southwest corner of the claim group, and would be a suitable water source for drilling. Prosser Lake located 800 metres west of the northwest corner of the property, would provide an alternate water source during dry spells.

5.0 PROPERTY STATUS

Claims P-l 171632 through P-l 171635 were staked in central Prosser Township on December 3rd, 1990. It is currently held by Falconbridge Limited.

6.0 PREVIOUS GEOLOGICAL WORK

Falconbridge Limited completed total field magnetometer and horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM) surveys over north south lines spaced 100 metres apart in 1991. The HLEM survey was completed using a 150 metre cable length, with data collected on 444 Hz and 1777 Hz frequencies.

Geological mapping was carried out on October 10, 11 and 13th, 1995 by Andre Taillefer and Dan Brisbin. Mapping was completed along previously established north-south grid lines spaced 100 metres apart Pickets were located and re-erected. Chaining distances were checked by pacing. All claim posts and the survey pins marking the boundary between lots 6 and 7 were located. No outcrops were located.

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ASTRONOMIC

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FALCONBRIDGE LIMITED

Exploration Division Timmins ONTARIO

PROSSER TOWNSHIP CLAIMSN 1/2 , Lot 6 , Con IV

PROSSER TOWNSHIPS

GEOLOGICAL MAPNFS: 42-A/14 le 11

DRAWN; d fi DATE 'i/10/95

SUPERVISED: D l Brisbin DATE: 13/10/95 SCALE 1 :5 000 (nwtr**)

O W 80 120

7.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY

Prosser Township is underlain dominantly by intercalated east-northeast to east striking Archean, mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. Less abundant ultramafic volcanic rocks, greywackes and carbonaceous argillites also occur in the stratigraphy. These rocks are assigned to the Kidd-Munro Assemblage except

the greywackes in the southernmost part of the Township which belong to the Hoyle Assemblage (Jackson and Fyon, 1991). A felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic units within this assemblage hosts the giant Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (Brisbin et al, 1990) 11 kilometres southwest of the property. The Prosser stock, a quartz feldspar porphyry intrudes volcanic rocks in the southwest Prosser Township (Pyke et al, 1973), 7 kilometres southwest of the property. The Nickel Offsets, Frankfield, and Gowest gold deposits occur within a similar intercalated package of volcanic and sedimentary rocks 6 kilometres to the southeast in Tully Township. Northwest trending faults that offset lithologic contacts are defined by truncations and offsets of magnetic and electromagnetic trends an the Geotem survey maps (OGS, 1988).

8.0 PROPERTY GEOLOGY

The property is interpreted to be underlain by east striking, steeply dipping south facing mafic flows of the Kidd-Munro Assemblage. No outcrop occurs on the property but mafic flows with thin interbedded carbonaceous argillites were intersected in diamond drill holes completed on nearby properties. East strikes are suggested by Geotem survey maps (OGS, 1988) and by 1991 Falconbridge Limited HLEM and total field magnetic maps (Grant, 1991). Southward younging and steep dips are indicated by geological mapping of an area of outcrop referred to as "Quartz Porphyry Hill" 750 metres to the southeast. The magnetic survey did not define any strong contrasts indicative of lithologic contrasts. Weak enhancements of total field strength on the north side and southeast corner of the property may reflect the presence of more iron-rich mafic flows or of minor pyrrhotite mineralization. Weak Geotem and HLEM conductors most likely reflect thin carbonaceous argillites interbedded with mafic flows.

9.0 1996 SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAM

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The enzyme leach soil geochemical survey was employed on the Prosser 44 property in an attemp to evaluate the potential for base metal massive sulphide mineralization at depth. Previous airborne and ground electomagnetic surveys had not defined any shallow targets in this area.

9.2 ENZYME LEACH THEORY

Theory behind the enzyme leach analytical technique is discussed in great detail by Clark (1992) and references therein, and is included in this report in Appendix I. A brief summary of the technique is given below.

Conventional geochemical analyses of transported or deeply weathered overburden would reveal onlythe composition of overburden and not give any indication of underlying (and possibly mineralized)bedrock. Trace elements released by weathering of mineral deposits in bedrock will ascend throughoverburden via ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. Amorphous

manganese dioxide (MnO2), which is usually a small proportion of the total MnO2 component of the soil,is an effective trap for these upward migrating trace elements. A selective leach has been developed thatemploys a self-limiting enzyme reaction to selectively dissolve amorphous manganese dioxide and release

trapped trace elements.

Three types of geochemical anomalies are generally found with the enzyme leach technique: 1) mechanical/hydromorphic dispersion anomalies are formed in basal till as mineralized bedrock is smeared down ice during glaciation; 2) oxidation halo anomalies are produced by the gradual oxidation of buried reduced bodies (massive sulphide) and are distinguished by an asymmetrical halo or partial halo formed around the reduced body by the "oxidation suite" and 3) apical anomalies are formed by diffusion of trace elements away from a concentrated source and develop directly over the source.

Studies indicate amorphous MnO2 concentrates predominantly in B-horizon soils and as a consequence, care should be taken to sample from a consistent soil horizon rather than a constant depth. In general, the best level to sample appears to be between 20 and 40 cm depth below surface.

Since amorphous MnO2 makes up a minute proportion of the total MnO2 in a sample, results of trace elements released by the enzyme leach are reported in parts-per-billion (ppb). An anomaly along a traverse line for a given element is tentatively identified when there is a noticeable trend below or above background levels; this makes acquiring background samples very important. Significant anomalies are generally an order of magnitude (10X) above or below background levels.

The enzyme leach analytical package consists of 62 trace elements (Li, Be, CI, Se, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) all of which are reported in parts-per-billion (ppb). Activation Laboratories Ltd. of Ancaster, Ontario performed the analyses. Hard copy results were first acquired by FAX and a diskette containing digital results usually followed a week later.

Samples consisted of 300 to 600 grams of material depending on grain size of the soil. All samples were air dried in a dry, cool room for a minimum of three days prior to shipping to Actlabs. Samples must be air dried as heating to above 400C spoils the sample for a proper analysis (drives off the volatile

components). All sample preparation was done by Actlabs; this included breaking-up samples with a hammer and sieving to minus 60 mesh. The leach solutions were then analysed for trace element concentrations (in ppb) by ICP/MS.

9.3 SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Samples were taken in 40m intervals on lines 165 E, 167 E, 169 E and 171 E, for a total of 79 samples.

The sample material most commonly analyzed with the enzyme leach is B-horizon soils. Typical soil profiles found in humid climate areas consist of: an A horizon - an upper humus layer which is characterized by a dark layer of mixed organic and mineral matter which may or may not have a bleached mineral layer at the bottom; and a B-horizon - the top of which lacks organic material and where oxide coatings on mineral grains impart a brown to rusty red colour to the soil.

In the case of this study, all of the B-horizon samples consisted of clay to silty-clay. The typical soil profile encountered during this project consisted of:

1. a humus layer consisting of either grasses, leaf litter, lichen or muskeg ranging from 0. l to 15 cm in thickness;

2. an A-horizon: a black, organic-rich layer (coarse mud) of 0.1 to > 50 cm in thickness with highly variable moisture content ranging from "soupy" to relatively dry. Thickness of this layer depends on topography and surface vegetation; spruce swamps have the thickest A-horizon while poplar forest in topographic highs have the thinnest A-horizon;

3. a "leached" zone (A2 horizon): an often chalky-white to black, coarse, organic-bearing layer underlying the A-horizon ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm in thickness. In well drained areas, this layer is generally light in colour (white to tan), dry and crumbly whereas in poorly drained areas it is usually very fine grained (clay to silt sized), very dense and very dark in colour (dark brown to black);

4. a B-horizon: an organic-free (may contain few hair-like root filaments), light coloured, clay to silty- clay layer or brown to reddish-brown, fine grained sand of undetermined thickness (usually greater than the reach of the auger). In well drained areas, the clay is generally dry and some shade of tan to brown (it may also have a grey-blue to grey-green tinge). In poorly drained areas, it is generally very dense and sticky and may range from a light tan to brown or grey-blue to grey-green in colour.

Samples were collected using a standard 135 cm long auger (including a 30 cm long sampling tube attached to the bottom). As a standard practice and where possible, the first 10-15 cm of the clay layer was thrown away to ensure the sample was free of organic and leached material. Generally, it required threeto four passes with the auger down the same hole to acquire sufficient material to fill up the sample bag (300 to 500 grams). If the B-horizon was not reached after the first pass with the auger (30-35 cm depth), the sampling tube was cleaned of all material (humus and A-horizon material) by hand and reinserted down the hole until the proper material was reached.

In the more poorly drained areas, samples tended to be covered with a film of organic-rich mud because the sample tube was pulled back up through the A-horizon during extraction. Every effort was made to clean this film off all samples even though it was generally a very messy and time consuming task.

Soil sample books were used to note the location of samples (grid co-ordinates) and all pertinent information such as slope attitude, colour and composition of sample (clay, silt, sand,...), quality of drainage, vegetation and any extra remarks. Each sample site was marked with flagging tape upon which the sample number was written; the flagging tape was usually tied to the grid picket or to a nearby tree branch.

10.0 DATA MANIPULATION

Raw geochemical results were received on diskette as WK1 and CSV files. The data was then formatted in Excel for export into Geosoft in which the geochemical profiles were produced. The profiles were drawn at an appropriate scale and then exported as a DXF file into AUTOCAD where the profiles could be superimposed onto existing geological maps and/or profiles.

11.0 1996 ENZYME LEACH RESULTS

On August 23 1996, a total of 79 B-horizon soil samples were collected from 2.4 km of traverse lines distributed along the Prosser 44 grid. All samples consisted of clay to silty clay. Enzyme leach geochemical profile plots (plan view maps) are included in the back of this report. The maps are drawn to an appropriate scale (1:5,000) and include topography. It is important to pay close attention to the vertical scale of the geochemical profiles as it does vary from element to element (e.g. l cm = 20 ppb Pb and l cm = 225 ppb Zn). The base line value is O for all profiles.

Appendix II includes all the raw geochemical data. All trace element values are reported in parts- per-billion (ppb); negative values indicate that the element is not detected at that lower limit (i.e. -10 ppb = below 10 ppb); S.Q. indicates that element is determined semiquantitatively; and values = 999999 are greater than the working range of the instrument.

12.0 DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS

Results or the enzyme leach program were encouraging. Two trends cut in across the property with results of between 300 ppb to 457 ppb in the south zone, and 225 ppb to 429 ppb in the north zone. Iodine "trough" are coincident with those copper "highs" along those trends. The absence of AEM conductors strongly suggests the mineralization indicated by the enzyme leach survey results must be located at depth. A Deepem or Induced Polarization should be conducted to further evaluate the enzyme leach conductors.

Andre Taillefer Geological Technician November 4th, 1996

10

13.0 REFERENCES

Brisbin, D.I., 1995. Geological Assessment Report For Claims PI 171632, PI 171633, PI 171634 and P1171635. p 3-7.

Brisbin, D.I., et al, 1990. Kidd Creek Mine. In Geology and Ore Deposits of the Timmins District, Ontario. Edited by Fyon, J.A. and Green, A.H. 8th IAGOD Symposium Fieldtrip Guidebook - Fieldtrip #6, p. 25-49.

Clark, I.R., 1992, Detection of bedrock-related geochemical anomalies at the surface of transported overburden. Explore, Newsletter for the Association of Exploration of Exploration Geochemists. Number 76, p. 2-11.

Jackson, S.L., and Fyon, J.A., 1991, The western Abitibi Subprovince in Ontario in Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part l, p. 405-482.

Pyke, D.R., Ayres, L.D., and Innes, D.G., 1973, Timmins - Kirkland Lake, Ontario Geological Survey Geological Compilation Series Map 2205, scale 1:253,440.

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SCALE 1:5 000 (moires) Q 40 80 120 I6Q

CERTIFICATION

I, Andre D. Taillefer do hereby certify:

1. that I reside at 1351 Dalton Road, Timmins, Ontario.

2. that I graduated from Cambrian College of Applied Arts and Technology in 1987 with a diploma in the Geological Engineering Technician program.

3. that I have been practicing my profession continuously for 9 years.

4. that I have based conclusions and recommendations contained in this report on knowledge of the area, my previous experience and on the results of the field work I supervised on the property.

5. that I have no personal interest in the described property and present this report in my capacity as an employee of Falconbridge Limited ,,

ate\[ this 4th day of November, 1996 \ at Timmins, Ontario.

APPENDIX II ENZYME LEACH THEORY

INNOVATIVE ENZYME LEACH PROVIDES ULTIMATE

OVERBURDEN PENETRATION USING SURFACE SOILS9

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:

ACTIVATION LABORATORIES LTD ACTLABS. INC

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INTRODUCTIONLayers of glacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments cover large areas of the

Canadian Shield, and much of the bedrock in the Basin and Range Province of United States and Mexico and much of the Atacama Desert of Chile and Peru have been buried by basin fill and volcanic rocks. The problem, when trying to perform geochemical exploration in terrains that are covered by transported overburden, is that the overburden is usually exotic to the bedrock that it covers. Conventional chemical analysis would reveal only the composition bf the ;overburden and would not give any indication of the underlying bedrock. In the past, drilling has been the only means of collecting useful geochemical samples in areas of extensive overburden. An inexpensive means was needed for gathering meaningful geochemical data form overburden that would provide some indication of the chemistry of the bedrock.

Trace elements released by oxidation of sulfide-mineral deposits in the bedrock will migrate up through overburden by such means as ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. However the amount of these bedrock-related trace elements is typically a very small component of the total concentration of these elements in the overburden. The goal is to determine the amount of a trace element that has been added to the overburden rather than the total amount in the overburden sample. Upon reaching the near surface environment, many of the trace elements migrating through overburden will be trapped in manganese oxide and iron oxide coatings, which form on mineral grains in the soils. One of the most effective traps for trace elements migrating toward the surface is amorphous manganese dioxide, which is usually a very small component of the total manganese oxide phases in the soil sample. Not only does amorphous manganese dioxide have a relatively large surface area, but the irregular surface and the random distribution of both positive and negative charges on that surface make it an ideal adsorber for a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules.

Based on an idea that was conceived in 1976, a selective leach has been developed that employs an enzyme reaction to selectively dissolve amorphous manganese oxides., When all the amorphous manganese dioxide in the sample has been reacted, the enzyme reaction slows dramatically, and the leaching action ceases. Because the enzyme leach is self limiting, there is very little leaching of the mineral substrates in the sample. Thus, the background concentrations for many elements determined are extremely low and the anomaly/background contrast is dramatically enhanced.

TYPES OF GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES DETECTEDTypically, three types of geochemical anomalies are found with the Enzyme

Leach: 1. Mechanical/hydromorphic'dispersion anomalies; 2. Oxidation anomalies; 3. Diffusion anomalies. In terrains where the bedrock is buried by glacial overburden, mechanical/hydromorphic anomalies are the most common type found in soils developed on till. Mechanical dispersion trains were formed in the basal till as mineralized bedrock material was smeared down ice during glaciation. Gradual weathering of this mineralized material releases trace elements into the ground water flowing through the till. Vegetation with roots tapping into either the mineralized till or anomalous ground water picks up trace elements which are eventually shed to the forest floor in plant litter. Anomalous trace elements are often relatively quickly leached from the A-so\\ horizon and trapped in oxide coatings in the B horizon. In essence the B horizon of the soils in the Canadian Shield acts as a long-term integrator of vegetation anomalies (J.R. Clark, 1993, Trans. IMM, Sect. B, v. 102, Jan.-Apr., p. B19-B29). The Enzyme Leach has been used to detect very subtle mechanical/hydromorphic anomalies related to mineralized bedrock in a number of glacial overburden situations, including areas where the glacial till is blanketed with glaciolacustrine sediments. Subtle hydromorphic dispersion anomalies in stream sediments have also been detected with the Enzyme Leach. Trace element suites comprising mechanical/hydromorphic-related soil anomalies commonly reflect at least part of the chemical signature of the bedrock source. Anomaly contrast in soils developed on glacial till often range from 2-times to 10-times the background concentrations for the elements forming the anomaly.

Oxidation anomalies are produced by the gradual oxidation of buried reduced bodies. Any reduced body (an ore deposit, a barren body of disseminated pyrite, a buried geothermal system, a petroleum reservoir, etc.) can produce one of these anomalies. Once these anomalies are found it is up to the geologist to make a geological interpretation based on all the information at hand, including Enzyme Leach data, as to what the source of the anomaly might be. These anomalies are characterized by very high contrast values for a suite of elements, the "oxidation suite," which can include CI, Br, l, As, Sb, Mo, W, Re, Se, Te, V, U, and Th. Often, rare-earth elements and base metals will be anomalous in the same soil samples, but with reduced contrast. Evidence indicates that the oxidation suite migrates to the surface as halogen gases and volatile halide compounds. These elemental gases andcompounds would tend to form under the acid/oxidizing conditions of the anode of an electrochemical cell. The low contrast base metal anomalies may result from the diffusion of cations away from these anodes along electrochemical gradients. Less commonly, enzyme-soluble Au and enzyme-soluble Hg will be found in the area of these anomalies. These low-level Au and Hg anomalies appear to form as a result of the oxidation of these elements in the soil by the flux of oxidizing gases passing through the soil. Oxidation anomalies often form an asymmetrical halo or partial halo around the buried reduced body, and that body underlies part of the central low within that halo. The trace element suite in oxidation anomalies, although often enriched in many types of metal deposits, is not typically representative of the composition of the buried reduced body. For example, essentially the same suite of elements forms halos around petroleum reservoirs as is found around porhyry copper deposits, epithermal

gold deposits, and barren pyritic bodies. Oxidation anomalies can form above reduced bodies that are covered by either overburden or barren rock. The depth of detection for oxidation anomalies is often tooagreat for the potential ore body to be of economic interest. In one case, an oxidation anomaly reflected a sulfide-rich body that was located below a fault plane where there was 900 meters of barren upper plate rocks above the fault. In another case, one of these anomalies occurred over a petroleum reservoir that was 9700 feet beneath the surface. In arid climates, anomaly-to- background ratios f or the oxidation suite commonly range between 5:1 to 50:1, and sometimes anomaly contrast exceeds 100-times background. Oxidation anomalies tend to have more subdued contrasts in humid climates.

Diffusion anomalies detected with the Enzyme Leach occur directly over the source of the anomaly rather than forming a halo around the source (i.e. these anomalies tend to be apical). The source of the anomaly can be the actual source of the anomalous trace elements, or it can be a structure such as a fault that facilitates the movement of trace elements to the surface. In this last case, the anomaly will be almost directly over the subcrop of the fault. The suite of trace elements represented in the anomaly will often be indicative of the chemical composition of the ultimate source of those trace elements. However, where a deeply buried reduced body is intersected by a fault, an oxidation suite of elements can form an extremely high-contrast anomaly directly over the trace of the buried fault. Otherwise, diffusion anomalies usually exhibit a diminished contrast above background than do oxidation anomalies.

SAMPLE COLLECTION FOR ENZYME LEACH ANALYSESAlthough the Enzyme Leach can be used as a partial-analysis method for virtually

any surficial geological material, the sample media most commonly analyzed with this method is fl-horizon soils. Research to date indicates that amorphous MnO2 in soils is most abundant in the B horizon. This horizon is the most chemically active part of the soil, with regard to the formation of oxide coatings on mineral grains. Studies in both arid and humid climates indicate that the sampler should be careful to collect soil samples from the B horizon.

The following information is based on observations from studies in glacially-buried terrain in northern Minnesota, desert pediments in Nevada, areas of extensive overburden in South America, test sites in the Colorado Front Range, and over oil fields in western Wyoming and southeastern Texas. Soil horizons vary in appearance and depth, even within relatively small areas. It should be emphasized that the samplers should be collecting material from a consistent soil horizon, rather than a consistent depth. The samplers should be encouraged to expose the soil profile whenever they encounter soil zoning that varies from previous observations. Before beginning, it is a good idea to observe soils profiles in ditches and trenches in and near the area to be sampled.

The best potential sample sites are those that appear to be undisturbed and that have mature vegetation growing on and around the site. Samples collected from trenches and pit cuts are also good, as long as a fresh surface is scraped on the face of the soil profile to be sure that you are collecting freshly exposed material. Ditch banks, on the side away from infrequently used roads, under most circumstances can also be good sample sites, after scraping the bank to expose fresh material. The sampler should observe the conditions at such sites and make a judgement about the

potential for contamination or of excessive disturbance. Road fill (new or old) is not usable sample material. You do not know if the fill was derived form the ditches on either side or if it was trucked in from some distance. Also, roads are often contaminated with a variety of pollutants that can linger for centuries. Plowed fields can provide usable samples, if an undisturbed site is not available. It is better to move a sample site a relatively short distance rather than to use a bad site just because it is at the specified spot. Desert-Pediment Soils

There is an adage to the effect that desert soils are not zoned (azonal). In many cases this is not true. The appearance of the horizons is different from soils in humid climates, but they are still frequently zoned. The current surface on many desert pediments is more than one million years old, which is more than sufficient time for soil horizons to develop. Relatively little organic matter is found in /^-horizon soils in desert climates. The A horizon is typically a light-gray to light-grayish-tan, loose, fine sand to silt. Descending through the soil profile, the B horizon begins where the soil is more cemented and slightly darker in color, often becoming slightly more brown than the overlying loose material. The brown color often becomes darker farther down into the B horizon, but in other cases, the color difference between the A and B horizons is almost imperceptible. Where the color changes are minimal, a key criteria is that the cementing of the grains in the B horizon often produces a weak blocky fracture that is absent in the A horizon.

In areas that have a history of previous mining activity, the upper centimeter of the A horizon can be highly contaminated with many trace elements. Rarer elements, such as gold, can be enriched by as much as 10- to 100-times background. The A horizon should scraped from the area around the spot to be samples for a radius large enough to prevent this contaminated material from trickling into the sample material. Tests involving sampling in and below the caliche layer have not been completed. All the Enzyme Leach studies performed to date have used /?-horizon soils collected above the caliche layer.

Extremely Arid DesertsIn areas of extreme aridity, such as the Atacama desert of South America, the

sampler will typically not find soil horizons. In most locations the best level to sample is 10 inches (25 cm) to 16 inches (40 cm) beneath the surface. Do not sample from the caliche layer or immediately beneath it. Caliche will produce extremely erratic Enzyme Leach data. Where caliche comes too close to the surface to collect a sample, move the sample site a short distance or abandon it. A reddish layer will often be encountered just above the caliche layer. This reddish color results from selenite that has formed in the soil. The presence on selenite in the soil does not detract from the results.

Humid Climate SoilsSample sites with the best developed soil horizons are usually found in groves of

trees. In northern climates, aspen groves are the best. The A horizon consists of an upper humus layer, a dark layer of mixed organic and mineral matter, and there may have a bleached mineral layer at the bottom. The bleached layer results from the reducing action of the overlying organic-rich layers, which dissolves oxide coatings on

mineral grains. The top of the B horizon is the point below which there is no organic matter and where oxide coatings are found on mineral grains. Iron oxide coatings typically give 5-horizon soils colors that are some shade of brown or red (dark brown, medium brown, light brown, brick red, tan, orange, etc.). Where the A horizon is quite thick, such as around bogs, there is often a faintly gray layer beneath the bleached layer of the A horizon. The faint gray color is due to manganese oxides, and this material is usable B horizon, if a darker colored fl-horizon layer is not available. In a humid forested area all the material comprising the A horizon of the soil (decaying leaf litter, humus, and organic-rich mineral layers) should be scraped away to reveal the B horizon. The sample is collected from 1 0 to 30 centimeters into the top of the B horizon. A horizon contamination of ^-horizon samples should be avoided as much as possible.

Mountain Soils and Glacially Scoured TerrainDue to the rapid rate of mechanical weathering in mountainous areas, there are localities where the soil is truly azonal. During Pleistocene glaciation, the regolith was completely removed in many areas and a mature soil profile has not had sufficient time to redevelop. In such cases the sampler should dig deep enough to obtain soil material that is as free of organic matter as possible.

SedimentsStream-sediment samples should be collected from the top 1 0 centimeters of the active sediment. Lake-sediment samples should be collected from the top 3 to 5 centimeters of the sediment section.

SAMPLE HANDLINGYour samples should consist of about 100 to 200 grams of material (1/5 to 1/2 pound) depending on the fineness of the soil. Coarser soils require more material to assure adequate sieved sample material for analysis. If at all possible, the sample should be air dried. If circumstances require the use of a drying oven, the temperature should not exceed 40 0 C, and the drying time should not be longer than is necessary to dry the sample. Too high a drying temperature alters the chemistry of the amorphous manganese dioxide coatings and drives out the volatile halogens and halide compounds. If in doubt, let the laboratory perform the sample preparation. They know which sieve sizes to use, and what steps must be followed to maintain the geochemical integrity of the sample material.Pulverized samples and samples that have been "cooked" are not suitable for

analysis with the Enzyme Leach. L.&W-L ?/™ t*

A NUMBER OF CASE HISTORIES ARE AVAILABLE . PLEASE CONTACT US FOR YOUR COMPLIMENTARY COPY.A COMPLEMENTARY WORKSHOP OR VIDEOCASSETTE OF THE WORKSHOP IS ALSO AVAILABLE. PLEASE CONTACT US FOR FURTHER DETAILS.

Newsletter for the Association of Exploration Geochemists

NUMBER 76 JULY 1992

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

A Need for Volunteers. The Association of Exploration Geo chemists was founded twenty-two years ago after members recognized the need for a professional organization to repre sent exploration geochemists. Our organ ization has been served over this period of time by a capable group of volunteers in the Executive, Council, EXPLORE, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (JGE), and various committees. .

The AEG has reaffirmed its focus on exploration geochemistry but has also made, the commitment to expand its contacts with professionals in related fields (eg. environmental geochemistry) and to conduct activities which will serve the membership (e.g. education, professional registration, short courses, special publications). This taxes the limited time of existing volunteers.

As with any volunteer organization, there is a small active group of volunteers who carry out the vast majority of activities of the Association within the framework of several committees. In order to maintain the vitality of the organization, we need more members to participate in the endeavors of these committees.

The list of committees is included at the end of this column. The titles are, for the most part, self-explanatory and reflect the commitments and activities of the Association. The committees are of two types, those which were formed to address specific issues, such as the Bylaws Review, Elsevier Negotiations, and Membership Application forms. These committees are dissolved after their task has been accomplished. However, the vast major ity of committees are ongoing. These committees need your input

In the past, it has been difficult to determine who to contact to volunteer your assistance. For mat reason, we are also includ ing the corresponding addresses of the Committee Chairman. Contact the chairmen and volunteer your time to the Association.

A second way to participate is for members to upgrade their membership status to Voting Member. This gives you the oppor tunity to vote on matters concerning the Association and have a say in the direction of the Association. Applications maybe obtained through the Association offices in Vancouver.

If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions for the Association, feel free to contact any of the Chairman listed

. starting on the next page.Jeffrey A. Jaacks President. AEG

. Wcstmont Gold Inc. 390 Union Blvd., Suite 580 Lekewood. CO 80228 TEL-G03) 988-9677 FAX&03) 988-968S Continued on Page 2

TECHNICAL NOTES

Detection of Bedrock-related x .\ . f ,.

Geochemical Anomalies at the Surface of Transported OverburdenIntroduction

The chemistry performed before instrumental determinations are made is critical to the quality of the geochemical interpretations made from the resulting data. -In the 1970's and \9Sffs much emphasis in exploration geochemistry was placed on new instrumental techniques. Many geochemists found that volumes of multi-element data could be generated by inductively-coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy OCP/AES) for a relatively low cost Consequently, interest in data handling and manipulation using computers to assist in producing interpretations increased dramatically. During this period of "Black Box" analyses the importance of preparatory chemistry was largely ignored, and the usefulness of analytical chemistry for unraveling dispersion processes was frequently overlooked. Consequently, geochemical exploration data often have been interpreted with little regard for the strengths or weaknesses of the analytical techniques used to produce the data. Also, an adage that has often been quoted is that you can not do exploration geochemistry on transported overburden, because the material in the overburden is unrelated to the bedrock that it covers. This viewpoint exemplifies a lack of comprehension of chemical mobility, geochemical barriers, and how selective partial analysis can be used to enhance extremely subtle geochemical anomalies.

Continued on Page S

President*s Message ..... iTechnical Notes.......... i

Notes from the Editor ... 3Notes horn the

Bittineu Manager...... 4Undgrcn

Award Nominations ... s

Geochemical Mapping... 11 Analycf* Coach .......,. KAEG Student Paper Competition............ u

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EXPLORE NUMBER 76PAGE;

LINDGREN AWARD NOMINATIONS

The Lindgren award is offered annually by the Society of Economic Geologists to a young geologist whose published research represents an outstanding contribution to economic geology. The award, which consists of a citation, dues-free membership in the Society, and travel to the fall meeting for the presentation, is not restricted as to the candidate's nationality, place of employment or membership in the Society. The work for which the Lindgren Award is given must have been published as a single paper or series of papers in a recognized journal before the author's 35th birthday, and the awardee must be less than 37 years of age on January I of the year in which the award is presented.The award can be given for contributions to economic geology from any subdisdpline of geology (including, among others, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, stratigraphy, geophysics, and mine geology).Any Society member in good standing may nominate candidates for the award. We are currently seeking nominations for the 1993 Award, for which nominees must have been bom after January l, 1956. Nominees who are not selected for 1993 but are still eligible will be considered f or awards in following years. The deadline for nominations is October 30,1992.For more information please contactJonathan G. Price, Chair of the Lindgren Award Committee Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology MaU Stop 178 University of Nevada, Raio Raw, Nevada 89557-0088 TEL: (702) 784-6691

t- FAX: (702) 784-1709

~ Technical NotesK. Continued from Page l

In the Canadian Shield, large areas ire covered by one or more sequences of glacial tifl and glaciolacustrine sediments. Inthe Basin and Range Province much of the bedrock has been : ; - buried by basin fill. Typically the overburden in these regions is . exotic to the bedrock that it covers. A conventional chemical analysis would reveal only the composition of the overburden and would not give any indication of the underlying bedrock. * Drilling has been the only means of collecting useful geochemical samples in areas of extensive overburden. An inexpensive technique was needed for gathering meaningful geochemicaldata from overburden that would provide some indication of the '* chemistry of the bedrock.

Small amounts of trace elements mobilized by oxidation of sulfide minerals in the bedrock or basal till can migrate through

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overburden by various mechanisms, such as ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. Oxides of manganese and iron, which form coatings on mineral grains in soils developed on overburden, are effective traps for mobilized elements. However, the proportion of a given element from a bedrock-related source that has been introduced into an overburden cample is typically very small compared to its total concentration in the overburden. Thus, it has been difficult to determine the amount of a trace element that has been added to the overburden rather than the total concentration. Selectively determining trace elements in oxide coatings can be an effective approach to mineral exploration in buried terrains. Quo (1984) thoroughly reviewed the principles and practices of partial analysis. - * Analytical Problem

Amorphous manganese oxide, which is commonly a very email part of the total manganese oxides in coils, is one of the most efficient natural traps for trace elements mobilized in the surface/near-surface environment The large surface area per unit mass and the random distribution of both positive and negative charges on the irregular surface of this material make it an ideal adsorber for a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules. Anomalous concentrations of trace elements adsorbed by this material are often 'indicative of (he chemistry of oxidizing minerals in the bedrock or basal till rather than the composition of the exotic overburden from which the coil formed. Previously, no partial leaches had been developed which were selective for amorphous manganese oxide.

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride has been used very effectively as a selective reducing agent for manganese oxide coatings (Carney and Nowlan, 1964; Chao, 1972). This reducing agent rapidly reacts with nearly all of the manganese oxide phases in a geological sample. It can be used along with other reagents in

Continued m Page 6

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PAGE 6NUMBER 76 EXPLORE

L. Technical Notes. ' Continued from Page S

such dilute concentrations that any chemical attack upon tliemineral substrates of the coatings is very minor. However, the concentrations of many trace elements in these leach solutions could be so low that specialized instrumental techniques would-~ be needed to make determinations. These techniques would likely be inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA). The presence of chloride ions in the hydroxylamine hydrochloride-"~ leach solutions can produce extreme interferences for many

elements by both of these instrumental techniques. Therefore, hydroxylainine hydrochloride is not a viable leaching agent when seeking many extremely low-level trace-element signatures.

Hydrogen peroxide also acts as a reducing agent for MnQy In an aqueous solution it will react with manganese dioxide, consuming hydrogen ions, and resulting in the manganese being reduced to the divalent state, which is soluble.

j

4 Mn2* * Q^,, * HjO.In this process, aH the trace elements trapped in the manganese dioxide are released. Chao (1972) rejected the use of hydrogen peroxide as a selective leaching agent because, even at very high concentrations, it reacts very slowly with many crystalline phases of manganese dioxide (Taylor and McKenzie, 1966). However,

I even dilute concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vigorously react with amorphous manganese dioxide.It would be possible to selectively leach for amorphous MnOj by adding H2Oj directly to the leach solution. However, the

chemist would not know how much hydrogen peroxide should be used to leach each particular sou* or sediment cample. If too much were added, there would be increased leaching of

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crystalline manganese oxides, as well as leaching of organic matter, sulfide minerals, and other oxidizable phases in the soil sample. Also, with some samples too high a concentration of HjQz in the leach solution could produce precipitation of insoluble metal peroxides. Alternatively, if too little reagent were added, the leaching of amorphous manganese oxide would be incomplete. Enzyme Leach

An enzyme chemical reaction slowly generates very low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. Qucose oxidase reacts with dextrose CD-glucose) to produce hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid.Dextrose * O^,, -f HjO -* -4 Gluconic Acid * H,OjDilute hydrogen peroxide readily reduces and dissolves amorphous manganese dioxide, releasing trace elements and . polar molecules trapped in that material Gluconic acid complexes the metals and holds them in solution. Once all the amorphous manganese dioxide has been dissolved, the products of the glucose oxidase-dextrose reaction are no longer being consumed at a rapid rate, and the enzyme reaction virtually stops. The hydrogen peroxide concentration probably never exceeds 40 ug/ml, and sufficient gluconic acid Is produced to complex the metals solubilized by the process. This self-limiting characteristic of the process minimizes undesirable leaching of mineral substrates. Thus, the background concentrations for many elements determined are extremely low and the anomaly/background contrast is often dramatically enhanced.

Trace-element concentrations for many elements in the leach solutions are often in the mid-to-low picogram-per-liter range. The only current instrumental technique that can be effectively used to determine such low concentrations for large numbers of elements in a significant number of samples is ICP/MS. Nothing is added to the leach solution that would be detrimental to the ICP/MS technique, or which would produce a serious analytical blank- problem. The leach solutions are also amenable tp determination of many trace elements by GFAA and ICP/AES. Results and Discussion

In an early experiment with the Enzyme leach, a relatively large quantity of amorphous MnOj precipitate was dissolved in only one hour (dark, pending). Alternatively/ in a set of soil samples from a regional mineral-resource assessment project in northern Minnesota, the Enzyme leach typically leached less than five percent of the total manganese oxides in the samples (dark pending: dark, in press). Based on the observations of Taylor and McKenzie (1966), it was expected that very dilute hydrogen peroxide concentrations would have minimal leaching effect on many crystalline manganese oxide phases. Thus, it appears that the Enzyme leach is somewhat selective for amorphous manganese dioxide.

Crystalline manganese oxides are known to be effective traps for such metals as Ba, Co, Ni, and Zn. Enzyme leach analyses of soil samples often reveal anomalies not only of these metals, but also a long list of other trace elements, some of which occur as cations and bthers'that form anions in the surficial environment The list includes Ag, As, Bi, Br, Cd, d, Cu, Ga, I, In, Mo, Pb, Re, Sb, Se, IT, U, V, and W. Because the surface chemistry of amorphous MnOj allows it to trap a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules, selectively leaching for that material provides distinct advantages.

In samples that are identified as being part of a background population with respect to a number of leachable trace elements, a correlation is often observed among leachable Ba, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn. However, in samples that have concentrations above threshold values for one or more elements, no relationship has been found between leachable Mn and the leachable

Continued m Page 8

PAGE 8

i: i:17it1Clili

NUMBER 76 EXPLORETechnical NotesContinued from Page 6concentrations of the anomalous elements. Therefore, the Enzyme leach is not prone to generating false anomalies. Glacially Buried Terrain as in Desert Sediments.A regional mineral-resource assessment project in the International Falls and Roseau 1V20 quadrangle of Minnesota was the first large-scale application of the Enzyme leach. The bedrock in most of the region is buried by a minimum of two till sheets, and in most of the area these tills are capped by glaciolacustrine sediments from Glacial Lake Agassie. In the initial phase of that project, a pilot study revealed a relationship

Fig. 1. Enzyme-leach Co anomalies in B-horizon soil samples of the International FaO l tt'quadrangle, Minnesota.

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between Enzyme-leach anomalies in B-horizon soils and vegetation anomalies at the same sites. In effect; the B-horizon soils apparently have been acting as long-term integrators of vegetation anomalies (Clark, in press). Enzyme leaching of B- horizon soils proved to be the most cost-effective means of conducting a mineral-resource assessment of that region.This geochemical study of northern Minnesota produced the first recognized evidence of potential for Proterozoic vein deposits in that region. A plot of cobalt anomalies in the International Falls V̂ Cf quadrangle revealed an alignment of anomalous-sample sites along what appears to be northwest- striking.ctructural trends (Fig. I). Some of the trends coincided with diabase dikes, and the Co anomalies tended to occur within a short distance east or west of the termination of dike segments. Other trends appeared to be controlled by faults, dark et al. (1990) observed that the diabase dikes could not be the sources of the Co, and plots of Ag and Tl revealed anomalous trends that either paralleled or coincided with the Co trends. The anomalous-sample sites tended to cluster in areas where structural trends evidently intersect in die covered basement Stronger leaching methods did not perform as well as the Enzyme leach. An augmented vernon of the Enzyme leach (dark et aL 1990) detected fewer anomalies. In a pflot study, the potassium iodide+ascorbic acid leach (Viets and others, 1984) and the oxalic acid leach (Alminas and Mosier, 1975; Church and others, 1987) failed to detect any of the anomalies along one of the trends southeast of International Falls. Desert pediments. The first desert pediment study used soil samples collected along two traverses perpendicular to the mineralized structure that hosts the Sleeper ore body, in northwestern Nevada. A plot of Enryme-leachable Re along traverse two (Rg. 2,600 meters north of the pit) is one example of trace-element anomalies along that traverse. The overburden along traverse two (Fig. 2,600 meters north of the pit) is oneContinued on Page 9

BunpltSIIK

Fig. 2. En3yme-4each Re anomaly in soil samples along a traverse 600 meters north of the Sleeper pit. Nevada. The vertical dashed line represents (he approximate location of a buried mineralized structure. Sample site spacing along traverse 2 varies between 30 and 60 meters.

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J

Technical NotesContinued from Page 8example of trace element anomalies along that traverse. The overburden along traverse 2 (sample sites c!3-c24) consisted of from 20 meters to 40 meters of basin fill. The background-soil sample sites (cOO-c04) were collected on basin fill up slope from the mineralized structure.

Anomaly/background ratios show the dramatic contrast of the Enzyme-leach soil anomalies found near the SleepeV mine (fig. 3). The elements with the highest anomaly contrasts are those that characteristically occur as anions in the surficial environment. By comparison, the stronger partial leaching methods, potassium iodide+ascorbic acid (Vlets and others, 1984) and oxalic acid (Alminas and Mosier, 1976; Church and others 1987), produced much lower anomaly contrasts than the Enzyme leach (Kg. 3). Even higher anomaly contrasts were obtained by using the Enzyme leach on soil samples

70

60

•o 50COo 4040

fi?| 30o^ 20

10

1 ENZ

S oxalic

1-

H Kl+asc.

n " cannot be determined using thepotassium iodide+ascorbic acid leach

i Iliiii" rill .B"J "1 J,"J,".I,"I,"I "jt "î, .M 1 . .,fe o o o — > w aj ^ .c 3 o :5 "o s raja 00 0 2 w <a: 5•Fo z oo<Q.

Fig. 3. Anomaly/background ratios for anomalous elements m sofls over the mineralized Structure at the Sleeper deposit. Nevada. The three analytical methods used were the Enzyme leach, the oxalic add leach, and the potassium iodide * ascorbic add leach.collected over the Rabbit Creek deposit, in north central Nevada.

Enzyme leach analyses of soil samples from desert pediments at several localities have revealed strong correlations between anomalous concentrations of one or more halogens and other trace elements. The leachable concentrations of arsenic and iodine in the samples collected near the Sleeper mine chow a nearly linear relationship (Rg. 4). Scatter plots of Mo and Q and Re and Br also reveal similar relationships in the leach

300

200

ASppb

100

0c

B

m

" . - -" "m

m

if100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

IppbFig. 4. Scatter plot of Enzyme-leach iodine and arsenic concentrations in soil samples collected near the Sleeper mine. Nevada.

data from the Sleeper samples. Figure 5 shows the nearly linear relationship between Sb and Br produced by Enzyme leaching of soils from another property in Nevada. The strong linear relationships between pairs of elements would seem to indicate that each pair is migrating together at that given location. Trace elements that correlate strongly with the halogens at various localities are those that tend to volatilize as halides under acid/oxidizing conditions used for chemical digestion of geological samples. Although the boiling points of halides and oxyhalides of these metals are lOO^C to 300"C above

Continued on Page 10

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l

l

l

'J]Technical NotesContinued from Page 9

300

200

Sbppb

100

0 .

m

r

r: J-"if*

0 100 200 300 XOO 500Brppb

Fig. 5. Scatter plot of EttjyrncJeadt bromlite and antimony concentrations in soil samples collected over a yropaly in Nevada.

the ambient temperature/ they would have moderate vapor pressure in localities where sulfide-rich bodies of rock were being oxidized. It seems that these halogen compounds are migrating very slowly through the overburden over extended periods of time and are being trapped by amorphous MnOj near the surface.Limitations. The development of this new leaching technology does not diminish the need for performing pilot studies. In northern Minnesota it was essential to sample the B-horizon (dark, in press). With desert coils, evidence suggests that the depth of collection can be of major importance. JVherethe overburden is generally less than 3 meters thick, stronger partial leaches usually produce greater anomaly contrasts. As an

experiment identical sample sets were sieved to minus 60 mesh in one case and pulverized in the other. The pulverized samples either failed to show any anomalies or the anomaly contrast was drastically reduced when compared to the sieved samples. Grinding may have caused this, because amorphous MnOj is a soft material that is readily reduced to a fine powder, which in turn may be dissipated by the air movement in and around the grinding apparatus. Alternatively, volatile compounds trapped in MnOj coatings could easily be lost due to the heat generated by the grinding process. Although the Enzyme leach performs extremely well for detecting currently active disposal processes, in cases where barren oxide coatings have had time to accumulate on the surfaces of mineral grains, stronger leaching techniques produce more useful results.

Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples is a relatively inexpensive technique that can be used to define overburden drilling targets. This new technology opens the door ' for cost-effective geochemical exploration for mineral deposits in many geographic areas where the bedrock is buried by overburden.REFERENCESAlminas, H.V. and Mosier, EJvl, 1976, Oxalic-acid leaching of rock, soil, and stream-sediment samples as an anomaly-

accentuation technique: UJS. Geological Survey, Open-Hie Report 76-275, 25 pp.

Canney, F.C and Nowlan, G^, 1964, Solvent effect of hydroxylainine hydrochloride in the citrate-soluble heavy metals test: Economic Geology, voL 59, p. 721-724.

Chao, T.TV 1972, Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from coils and sediments with acidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride: Soil Science of America Proceedings, voL 36, p. 764-768.

Continued on Page 11

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PAQITechnical NotesContinued from Page 10Chao, T.T., 1984, Use of partial dissolution techniques ingeochemical exploration: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 20, p. 101-135.Church, S.E, Mosier, EL., and Motooka, J.M., 1987,Mineralogical basis for the interpretation of multielement (ICP-AES), oxalic acid, and aqua regia partial digestions of stream sediments for reconnaissance exploration geochemistry: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, voL 29, p. 207-233.

Clark, J-Rv Meier, A.L., and Riddle, Gv 1990, Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota: in: Gold'90, Society of Mining Engineers, Chapter 19, p. 189-207.Clark, J .Rv pending, Selective leach for oxides and therein contained metals: US. Patent Office.Clark, J-Rv in press. Enzyme leaching of B-horiron coils for mineral exploration in areas of glacial overburden: Transactions, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.Taylor, RMV and McKenzie, RJvL, 1966, The association of trace elements with manganese minerals in Australian soils: Australian Journal of Soil Research, voL 4, p. 29-39.Viets, J.GV dark, J.R, and Campbell, W.L, 1984, A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, voL 20, p. 355-366.

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GEOCHEMICAL MAPPINGUpdate on the International Geochemical Mapping Project

The International Geochemical Mapping (IGM) project, sponsored through UNESCO/IUGS as IGCP Project 259, distributes a newsletter in January each year to its 350 listed participants in 80 countries. The following is taken from the editorial in the latest edition, with updates from recent project meetings held in Keyworth UJC April 22-24, and Reston, Virginia, May 8-10,1992. For more background information about the project-see VoL 39 (1990) of the Journal of Geochemical Exploration.

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Sample MediaApplied geochemistry and, therefore, plans for geochonica mapping, are being driven increasingly by environmental considerations.In 1991 it became clear from papers and discussions that th preferred sampling media for the IGM project are stream sediment, soil, and water, as and when analytical problems relating to low concentrations can be overcome. Support for overbank sampling seemed to weaken. Evidence presented by John Ridgway et al. in Uppsala teemed to confirm the opinion of others that for reliable interpretation they require, in genera' more detailed site investigations than'are practical for regional reconnaissance purposes. ,

The Uppsala Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry helped to clarify a number of issues. Water is becoming the most sought-after natural commodity and for obvious reasons attracts the greatest public interest The Symposium underlined the need for baseline data on soils (sensu latu), as the almost- universal surface sampling media of general environmental significance. Stream sediments are complementary in providing enhanced sensitivity for some elements of economic importance but this medium is of lesser interest to most scientists concemet with non-geological environmental questions. Lake sediments substitute for stream sediments in wet Shield areas with poorly developed drainage, and-have the advantage that, with suitable sampling, long-term changes can be detected.An important consideration in the selection of methods is tfc sample spacing for sofl surveys, and to a lesser degree water, stream and lake sediment surveys, can be increased beyond thai required for initial reconnaissance coverage to permit more detailed investigations for specific purposes. Since most countrie have undertaken geochemical surveys and based their data onContinued on Page l

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APPENDIX III ENZYME LEACH RAW GEOCHEMICAL DATA

(all lines are "Easting" i.e. Line 100 = Line 100E)

Enzyme Leach Job # : 1 1483 Report#11520 Customer: Falconbridge Ltd. GeologistAndre Taillefer Trace Element Values Are in Parts Per Billion. Negative Values Equal Not Detected at That Lower Limit. Values = 999999 are greater than working range of instrument. S.Q. sThat element is determined SEMIQUANTITATIVELY. Line 1651

165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500

Line 1691

1690016900169001690016900169001690016900169001690016900

Station Sample ID S.Q.Li14000 SA2148914040 SA2149014080 SA214911 41 20 SA 21 49214160 SA2149314200 SA214941 4240 SA 21 49514280 SA2149614320 SA 21 4971 4360 SA 21 49814400 SA2149914440 SA2150014480 SA2150114520 SA2150214560 SA2150314600 SA215041 4640 SA 21 5051 4680 SA 21 50614720 SA215071 4760 SA 21 5081 4800 SA 21 509

Station Sample ID S.Q.Li14000 SA215111 4040 SA 21 51 21 4080 SA 21 51 314120 SA 2151414160 SA 215151 4200 SA 21 51 61 4240 SA 21 51 71 4280 SA 21 51 814320 SA215191 4360 SA 21 52014400 SA21521

19222223

-10403412312723293026331847

-10113628

4532

-103122183540161916

S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

S.Q.CI777948388236

101556297

14653102924371546864165931653192854919596850395364

-3000387763786387

S.Q.CI6781

-3000-30004372

-30006198

173611568211540136956689

S.Q.Sc S-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10

S.Q.Sc S-10-10-10-10-101339

-10-10-10-10

Page

.Q.Ti-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100

.Q.Ti-100-100-100-100-100-100591

-100-100-100-100

1

Mn Co

V

75954122114012185253225341174461353618279348011916077

169549780

Mn27814638

156136147

1219410015170

8031418607485171

17541563

7771932167512651188939986

1454616616

1215637

21082197

Co764392348447413708

3557430475528352

Ni46765

1087

10106945766748

11

Ni844547

767867

Cu152028281336181725221521191831222416142421

Cu3519241916307920203126

151276

533625

307142

8712615034111840

211250

52354023

255276

542827322848

33113204520

169001690016900169001690016900169001690016900

Line 1711

171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100

Line 1671

16700167001670016700

1 4440 SA 21 5221 4480 SA 21 52314520 SA2152414560 SA2152514600 SA215261 4640 SA 21 52714720 SA2152814760 SA2152914800 SA 21 530

Station Sample ID14000 SA2183114040 SA2183214080 SA2183314120 SA2183414160 SA 2183514200 SA2183614240 SA2183714280 SA2183814320 SA2183914360 SA218401 4400 SA 21 84114440 SA218421 4480 SA 21 8431 4520 SA 21 84414560 SA2184514600 SA2184614640 SA2184714680 SA2184814720 SA2184914760 SA2185014800 SA21851

Station Sample ID14000 SA2173214040 SA2173114080 SA2173014120 SA21729

141421231256292116

S.Q.Li24

-10651613

-10221355292138303217142071283648

S.Q.Li88625241

-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20

1077110287116491149612604114807932

1000610295

S.Q.CI-30005677

-3000-30003135555037423711

131651662280455212

-3000-30004189

-3000-300022765

95779624

23017

S.Q.CI168281284158386146

-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10

S.Q.Sc-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-1032

-10-10-10

S.Q.Sc-10-10-10-10

-100-100-100-100-100146

-100-100-100

S.Q.Ti V-100-100189

-100-100-100-100-100165

-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100358

-100-100-100

S.Q.Ti V-100-100-100-100

142157

1335587

97630128248281

Mn48

1155875

146119207166

1108218185229219204228206240

16177

10861174

Mn874657

1005834

701330425

1074319

2164421423

1439

Co568557978320319444660290

2077473714503378490725723373

4088141016471128

Co2460250625261394

106664

2477

11

Ni146

1675555

1569757895

911079

Ni14111012

322040292570272730

Cu473153342119272561243124242420222589353541

Cu46372841

4632

176215

37225

399757

4551315035464561

4575639312626333737

42950

378392

285323306313

Page 2

1670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700

14160 SA217281 4200 SA 21 7271 4240 SA 21 7261 4280 SA 21 7251 4320 SA 21 7241 4360 SA 21 7231 4400 SA 21 7221 4440 SA 21 7211 4480 SA 21 7201 4520 SA 21 71 914560 SA 217181 4600 SA 21 71 71 4640 SA 21 71 61 4680 SA 21 71 51 4720 SA 21 71 41 4760 SA 21 71 314800 SA21711

4669682718383123201661161118412534

-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

9387106889526607766057858839964871582843681351047141137522031216071647222314

-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10

-100152108-100-100-100-100-100-100-100122-100-100-100-100-100-100

233978705208184219251177240177849713205215231197258

4962114180010442444743703474743551894611346340375

1174381

825221045666497455

104

2175713522182531262034181918243820

4434919146422619293044

3113412722297743

Pages

Customer's Job #-.8135/8178

Zn

Zn

Ga242618141137241319112812141526192020132232

Ge1211153

-11111

-11

-1-1151

-1-1-1

As-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-14-1

Se202314147

27191118162519153664102014106255

Br-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-3037-30-30-30-30-30-30-30

l-307170

1001361014161835771566875666898110805063

Rb-10-1029285113-10-1030-10-10-1024-10-1023454334-10-10

Sr5153242211

10340222326412623212822919192534

Y849829605589556145711024816916568018457017898895389164977091012993

Zr262123211443392024292827181920251417102129

Nb8974514232

190965766869468345372573437278497

Mo331

-1-163-11231

-133-11

-1-133

-1-1-1-1-1327

-112-1-1-11

6453-1-1-1-18647

Ga15-102312-1013

186-10171930

Ge-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1212

As-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

Se201310161319

14914797

Br-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30

l9146947957

11820814414011591

Rb833849935244-1036446444

Sr1923212723244117202720

Y667549159439471618

11384706598597257

Zr161515181721213162315

Nb5030524738527

34486455

Me-1-12-1-1-1-12222

31116-1-14-1

1998442114-1

Page 4

Zn

13-1026191769-1013-10

2132

116222

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

91347371236131116

-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30

101869753

105565628106

25431011401124-1040

172226381795232623

536551827726587865689797602

202324271632142927

576110412345173349171

224327222

-1-1

136-1-14013-1-1

Ga Ge As Se Br Zr Nb Mo16720

2073733262019712625181439152723

239263254

2-192-111215222

21-1221

-1443

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

91069

14131116421621231715192115

164174948

-3047-30-30-3042-30-3048-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30

1431481251431312051121886885

1261291659986102166180507849

3447385755584775-1041425658584639631218-10-10

13139

2353126413218902821192222271924562462103

266648181199533705501540

1001654676792851631571541634

1534861711651454

16311560253033376533322925194031196

415259

374759

12851405262

2124153484644655040655124181

2274-1-1117-11

-11111

-1-1235

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1392-1-1416-1-14

2131102645

Zn Ga Ge As Se Br54413848

5633

-1-1-1-1

45306031

42-30-30-30

-3059-30-30

-10-1010-10

Zr Nb Mo36384641

115103112108

5554

22164724

256567211818233619•102120•1010101310

268234236

-1411

-1-111

-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

1940311917172212211634251514141215

-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-3063

40-3041-3062425188146199139111178202192198164

53-101035493530473148-10-102724464530

25115913226333233311467702035213120

830113925207066168937638266186871708946535675828713789

2350353742202327481436291413162516

3516211661723440566024111952321344721

266222222-142-1-111

-1

17472633

201118101

3515-1-1123

19

Page 6

Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Ce•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1.11•1•1•111111111

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

22-1-1-12-1-12522-111

-1-1-1-122

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

0.30.3-0.2-0.2-0.2

10.4-0.20.3-0.2-0.2-0.2-02-0.20.3-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.20.6

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

12-1-1-15-1-1-1-12-1-123

-1-1-1-132

-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

6636184784313101105654427616636740613444562713480431269281789894

403133332463602934404239243331412429173144

2923212014

14413821233232301623222514159

2132

Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Te Cs Ba La Ce1 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -1

1-1-1-114-1-1-1-12

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

60.20.2-0.2-0.2

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-1-1-1-1-1-15-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-114-1-1-1-1

-1-1-11

-1-11

-1-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

545444132415398390592432311469296

252627312932718243423

1716151414173

31424943

Ru

•1•1•1•1•1•11•11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1122-13

-112

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-0.20.20.60.5-0.20.6-0.20.3-0.2

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-1-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1

-1-142-14-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1

3644406655713151143399578453

323240403047264041

704486

10157108539277

Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Ce•1•1-1•1-1-1•1•1•1•1•1•11•1•1111•111

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-11

-11

-1-1-1-13-11

-1-1-1-11

-1-1123

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

2.10.42.1-0.20.40.4-0.2-0.21.30.40.40.60.4-0.2-0.20.4-0.29.2-0.20.61.1

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-14-1-1-1

1-111

-1-12171

-1-11

-11

-12

23256

-1-11111

-11111

-11

-1-1-12-11

-1-1

-1-12

-1-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

480390709430320234534310

12515435245394896095453964108414938801167

8137

231012121424141411118

151393

151819

18211436141717134818232017152220135

293946

Ru Rh Pd Cd In Sn Sb

PageS

Te1 -11 -11 -11 -1

3112

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

1.20.80.60.6

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-11

-1-1

5346

11

-1-1

Cs Ba La Ce1 1158 14 331 992 16 36

-1 972 17 42-1 953 14 32

11111111111111111

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-121

-1-1-1-1-12222-1-1-11

-1

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

0.61.30.4-0.2-0.2-0.20.4-0.20.6-0.20.50.4-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

175122233

-123

-1-1-1-1-1

-1111

-1221

-1-1-12-1-1-11

-1

-122-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

53512521110502447479512451486277844654278292400406330

101813141589

11182245312019223723

2042302519141415231434241011132516

Page 9

Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf13101211819181012151414810g

14785

1014

342630291973712833433736232526362024132837

86775

111168

1199677865379

222212212222112211

-122

11899614118

11131212789

117841013

1111

-112-11211

-1-1-11

-1-1-112

655538856787344544357

1-1-11

-121

-1111

-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1-11

222213322232-122211

-122

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

322214323433222221

-123

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

221

-1-132-11221

-1111

-1-1-112

Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Page 10

Hf998

1099268

107

232321252426619263326

665666-14463

111112-1-1-11

-1

8117889

-14666

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11

-1

444454-12343

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

222212-1-1111

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

222222-11121

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-12-1-11

-1-1112

Pr

101012138

148

1313

343742442849275450

5678585

109

122212122

71110106106

1111

-1111

-12-121

345647376

-1-111

-11

-111

1122-12122

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

222313132

-1-1-1-1-1.-j-1-1-1

2133-14-122

Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf10141028121515172916171614112018114

302628

14231541182024254325262219163125156

293438

710616789

11151011986

11962101515

22242222422222321

-1234

7128

239

111312221313121171513112122923

11131122322211211

-11154

465

136667

128776498428

1213

-11

-12-111131111

-121

-1-1122

12142222532221322-1344

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

12262233523322432-1976

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1732

1-123

-1-1-1-13

-11

-1-111

-11

-1123

Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Page 11

Hf17192319

26283427

10111411

3343

13142413

2222

77

109

1222

3233

-1-1-1-1

4344

-1-1-1-1

2222

12251620191112163471410667

128

1733252926151820312453392218254428

7149

1212577

1049744576

132231212122-1-1121

9181315137991361210557

107

13222225

14-121

-1-1-11

-1

510787445737633354

12112-1-1-11

-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1

242331222122-1-1-121

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

2533323413-13211121

-11

-1-11

-1-13

11-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

132-11

-1-1-1-1-122-1-1-1-1-1

Page 12

Ta W Re Os R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U•1•1•1•1-11•1•1•1•1•11•111111111

-1-1-1-1-11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.10.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

1314423

1077561473

121443328

12

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

272116179

402017192731241215261714128

2832

65211

11432222158422456

Ta W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th

Page 13

U•1•1•1•1•1•16•1•1•1•1

1-1-1-1-1-110211

-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.7

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.12.5

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

434233

342222

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

221614181718

38

131711

3422211

-122

-1

Ta

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-12

-1-12

-1-11

-0.1-0.10.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

43

1163g353

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

192134431566112935

73

16739232

W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U-1-11

-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-16-111

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-11

-11

-111-122

0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.8-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.13.2-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

113731222932112122

2541014

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

13131618101211114691813128

201473

122435

3332222152-12221

-112-133

Ta W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U1 11 -11 11 1

-0.1-0.1-0.10.1

-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

Page 14

-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1

6689

-1-1-1-1

22272824

6948

-111

•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•111111

-121

-1-1-1-1

11

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

1

-0.10.10.1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.1

-0.1-0.10.10.1

-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

26322213225

12-1

1132

-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

g35291812

68

10121173381511222411

285

-111

-12

-1255

-11122

Page 15

APPENDIX IV ENZYME LEACH STATISTICS

Sheets

S.Q.Li

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)

28.16867472.043446645

2516

18.61668494346.580958

98-1088

23388388

-10

S. Q. Be


-200

-20-20

000

-20-20

-166083

-20-20

S. Q. CI

MeanStandard ErrorMedianLModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)

7915.084337699.4712016

6689-3000

6372.48592340608576.83

26017-300023017

65695283

23017-3000

S. Q. Se


-8.6265060240.816504531

-10-10

7.43871029255.33441081

49-1039

-7168339

-10

Page 1

Sheets

S.Q.Ti

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestd)

-68.3012048211.96379757

-100-100

108.995383111879.99354

691-100591

-566983

591-100

V


357.819277134.60683478

218177

315.283269699403.54011

132312

133529699

831335

12

Mn


972.361445885.04530361

637616

774.7995898600314.4043

3917171

408880706

834088

171

Co


9.650602411.363155849

76

12.41894082154.2300911

874

91801

8391

4

Page 2

Sheets

S.Q.Li


28.16867472.043446645

2516

18.61668494346.580958

98-1088

23388388

-10

S. Q. Be


-200

-20-20

000

-20-20

-166083

-20-20

S. Q. CI


7915.084337699.4712016

6689-3000

6372.48592340608576.83

26017-300023017

65695283

23017-3000

S. Q. Se


-8.6265060240.816504531

-10-10

7.43871029255.33441081

49-1039

-7168339

-10

Page 1

Sheets

S.Q.Ti


-68.301204821 1 .96379757

-100-100

108.995383111879.99354

691-100591

-566983

591-100

V


357.819277134.60683478

218177

315.283269699403.54011

132312

133529699

831335

12

Mn


972.361445885.04530361

637616

774.7995898600314.4043

3917171

408880706

834088

171

Co

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestfl)

9.650602411.363155849

76

12.41894082154.2300911

874

91801

8391

4

Page 2

Sheets

Ni


29.457831331 .647650462

2524

15.01081009225.3244196

761389

2445838913

Cu


118.265060213.5282172

4645

123.247924315190.05084

^ 44413

4579816

83457

13

Zn


29.457831334.705093844

20-10

42.865444951837.446371

249-10239

244583

239-10

Ga


2.3253012050.420985101

2-1

3.83535680214.7099618

22-121

1938321-1

PageS

Sheets

Ge


-0.8795180720.073527449

-1-1

0.6698669390.448721716

5-14

-7383

4-1

As


24.50602412.719331082

1714

24.7742852613.7652072

1586

1642034

83164

6

Se


-24.469879522.201323123

-30-30

20.0550081402.20335

93-3063

-20318363

-30

Br


92.843373496.29090743

88-30

57.312894293284.767852

238-30208

770683

208-30

Page 4

Sheets

1


26.686746992.935336393

31-10

26.74218724715.1445783

103-1093

22158393

-10

Rb


38.686746993.662436002

2622

33.366379941113.31531

2269

2353211

83235

9

Sr


1072.53012219.6318905

7011102

2000.941754003767.886

15189159

1534889020

8315348

159

Y


26.481927711.344917998

2416

12.25278609150.130767

632

652198

8365

2

PageS

Sheets

Zr


67.072289164.491372967

5534

40.91835511674.311784

2066

2125567

83212

6

Nb

MeanStandard ErrorMedian ^ModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)

1.6987951810.241660761

2-1

2.2016343144.847193653

8-17

14183

7-1

Mo


62.506024134.84595365

3-1

317.4617462100781.9603

2132-1

21315188

832131

-1

Ru


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Ph


Page 6

Sheets

-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Pd


0.3734939760.171174954

-1-1

1 .559478052.43197179

6-15

3183

5-1

Ag


-0.21.3991E-09

-0.2-0.2

1 .27464E-081.62472E-16

0-0.2-0.2

-16.683

-0.2-0.2

Ccf


0.366265060.140203424

-0.2-0.2

1.2773139791.631531002

9.4-0.29.2

30.483

9.2-0.2

In


-0.21.3991E-09

-0.2-0.2

1 .27464E-081.62472E-16

0-0.2-0.2

-16.683

-0.2-0.2

Page 7

Sheets

Sn


-0.7590361450.106489907

-1-1

0.9701692260.941228328

6-15

-6383

5-1

Sb |


1 .2650602410.395420575

-1-1

3.60245288212.97766676

24-123

1058323-1

Te


-0.3132530120.114901625

-1-1

1 .0468036231.095797825

3-12

-2683

2-1

Cs


-0.7590361450.083259984

-1-1

0.7585345540.575374669

3-12

-6383

2-1

Pages

Sheets

ea


565.421686727.88383253

489431

254.033804264533.17367

1120132

125246930

831252

132

La


24.277108431 .370238343

2314

12.48346541155.8369086

603

632015

8363

3

Ce


31.445783132.951028102

2214

26.88514551722.8110491

1413

1442610

83144

3

Pr


13.289156630.68537686

1210

6.24408035938.98853952

322

341103

8334

2

Page 9

Sheets

Nd


28.903614461.298365171

2626

1 1 .82866965139.9174258

676

732399

83736

Sm


7.783132530.344576464

76

3.1392409869.85483397

17-116

6468316-1

Eu


1 .6265060240.124456908

22

1.1338563961 .285630326

5-14

13583

4-1

Gd


10.421686750.521114699

1011

4.74758085222.53952395

30-129

8658329-1

Page 10

Sheets

Tb


1.0843373490.25725147

11

2.3436724325.49280047

15-114908314-1

Dy |


5.6626506020.275493898

54

2.5098688556.299441669

14-113

4708313-1

Ho


0.1084337350.132796996

-1-1

1 .2098382091 .463708493

4-139

833

-1

Er


1 .7469879520.136970468

22

1 .2478603491.557155451

6-15

14583

5-1

Page 11

Sheets

Tm


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Yb


2.566265060.214924196

22

1.9580526113.833970026

14-113

2138313-1

Lu


-0.5542168670.189539098

-1-1

1 .7267833632.981780782

12-111

-468311-1

Hf


0.5783132530.165421377

1-1

1.5070604722.271231267

5-14

48834

-1

Ta


Page 12

Sheets

-0.5542168670.138474341

-1-1

1.2615612861.591536879

7-16

-4683

6-1

W


-0.132530120.217356682

-1-1

1.9802136153.921245959

12-111

-118311-1

Re


-0.0578313250.015628707

-0.1-0.1

0.1423842980.020273288

0.9-0.10.8

-4.883

0.8-0.1

Os


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Ir


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Page 13

Sheets

Pt


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Au


-0.0289156630.050315786

-0.1-0.1

0.4583986230.210129298

3.3-0.13.2

-2.483

3.2-0.1

S.Q.Hg


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

ri


-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

Pb


5.3614457830.591987422

32

5.39326208629.08727593

35-134

4458334-1

Page 14

Sheets

Bi

MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestd)

-10

-1-1000

-1-1

-8383-1-1

77?


19.66265061 .334599922

1712

12.15878395147.836027

703

731632

8373

3

U


2.9518072290.318820747

22

2.9045952438.436673523

17-116

2458316-1

Page 15

Mining Act, Subsection 65(2) and 60(3), n.a.u.

Personal Information collected on t Mining Act, the Information Is a pub Questions about this collection t 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury,

Mining Act. Under section 8 of the espond with the mining land holder, welopment and Mines, 6th Floor,

42A14SW0048 2 17013 PROSSER 900

Instructions: - For work penormea on v/rown uanas oeiore recording a ciaim, use torm 0240.

- Please type or print in ink.

1, Recorded holder(s) (Attach a list If necessary)2.17013

Name T~AV-.Cj3.Njlb'^vbG-C- L-V A*. v~T^s(^

Address"P- o- ~C*^y. \\H^

-TvvA^v^ 0~i-nV^vo ^ ^vnName '

Address

2. Type of work performed: Check ( s \

"RECEIVED

J/MC27 1997

MINING LANDS BRANCH

Client Number

Telephone Number j

Fax Number""l ^ S ~~ 2-&H ~"v)O ̂ QClient Number

Telephone Number

Fax Number

and report on only ONE of the following groups for this declaration.

re*' Geotechnical: prospecting, surveys,l—J assays and work under section 18 (regs) D Physical: drilling, stripping,

trenching and associated assays Rehabilitation

Work Type

Dates Work ^. .N^ e. c. To -zr) Ô n. C, Performed From o' O\3 . -\^ TO û . OO \^

D^ Month 1 YMT D^ 1 Month VMT

Global Positioning System Data (H available) Township/Area ~F\2-O SS^.1^

M or G-Plan NumberG - 3^65

Office Use

Commodity

Total S Value of ~, — . /^ Work Claimed S,2. \vj

NTS Reference

Mining Division P^f fj^p^ ̂

Resident Geologist ̂ -rt- District \ \w\VYUt\S

Please remember to: - obtain a work permit from the Ministry of Natural Resources as required;- provide proper notice to surface rights holders before starting work;- complete and attach a Statement of Costs, form 0212;- provide a map showing contiguous mining lands that are linked for assigning work;- include two copies of your technical report.

3. Pereon or companies who prepared the technical report (Attach a list if necessary)

Name

Address . . ̂ ^ "F^^C&^J^^vtiGt V— v^v-êrO V\*AVA\JS

Name

Address

Name

Address

Telephone Number

Fax Number

Telephone Number

Fax Number

Telephone Number

Fax Number

4. Certification by Recorded Holder or Agent

1, VJi l\^ CaS.vS^\Aj , do hereby certify that 1 have personal knowledge of the facts set

(Print Name)forth In this Declaration of Assessment Work having caused the work to be performed or witnessed the same during

or after Its completion and, to the best of my knowledge, the annexed report is true.

Signature of Recorded Holder or Agent Date

Agent's Address Telephone Number Fax Number

0241 (02M)td rJ- h J t

the mining land wnere wuin. must accompany this form.

Mining Claim Number. Or if work was done on other eligible mining land, show In this column the location number Indicated on the claim map.

eg

•B{

eg

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

TB 7827

* rW*C *f —— L Xj* —— "" -^

1234568

?^v^Tin \*3-!,T\n^3 1P\\^\43S

Number of Claim Units. For other mining land, list hectares.

16 ha

S?2

l

\

l

l

- - - . ,

Column Totals

Value of work performed on this claim or other mining land.

526, 825

0

% 8, 892

i* Boo•5 Sooq ôb"* Sos-

.

————— d̂—— ̂ —— Q-

•̂s--*t ——v

*

^3Z\^

Value of work applied to this claim.

N/A

124,000

S 4,000

•4 ôo

^ ^0

^ ̂ 0^3

^ ^^

) ———————————

Value of work assigned to other mining claims.

S24.000

0

0

Bank. Value of work to be distributed at a future date.

S2,825

0

S4.892

45

*5

10

, do hereby certify that the above work credits are eligible under

(Print Fun Name)

subsection 7 (1) of the Assessment Work Regulation 6/96 for assignment to contiguous claims or for application to

the claim where the work was done.

Signature ol Recorded Holder gt Agent Authorized In WritingData

6. Instructions for cutting back credits that are not approved.

Some of the credits claimed In this declaration may be cut back. Please check ( ^) in the boxes below to show how

you wish to prioritize the deletion of credits:

ET' 1. Credits are to be cut back from the Bank first, followed by option 2 or 3 or 4 as indicated.

0""2. Credits are to be cut back starting with the claims listed last, working backwards; or

D 3. Credits are to be cut back equally over all claims listed In this declaration; or

D 4. Credits are to be cut back as prioritized on the attached appendix or as follows (describe):

Note: If you have not indicated how your credits are to be deleted, credits will be cut back from the Bank first,

followed by option number 2 if necessary.

Total Value of Credit Approved

'7

Personal Information collected on this form is obtained under the authority of subsection 6(1) of the Assessment Work Regulation 6/96. Under

section 8 of the Mining Act, the information Is a public record. This Information will be used to review the assessment work and correspond with

the mining land holder. Questions about this collection should be directed to the Chief Mining Recorder, Minister* Northern Development and

Mines, 6th Floor. 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 6B5. j? l V l l lr** * JL * \J J[

Work Type

S c \ c. Sf\w/^ ky /O G-

(\A) * ̂ -\\CA^ ^ i*TS,

ê? o^T5

Units of WorkDepending on the type of work, list the number of hours/days worked, metres of drilling, kilo metres of grid line, number of samples, etc.

*S3 .Sr\f\frUc5

*a^ -sfVM*Lfcs3 ~Â^s

Associated Costs (e.g. supplies, mobilization and. demobilization).

Transportation Costs

— -/^Zt-Cfc- "/^fc^J-pM- -x/ (Z-A-S

Food and Lodging Costs

Cost Per Unit of work

4 to^ -Z.O

^ Zoo

RECEIVE

J AN 2 7 1997

MINING LAND.V BRAN

i 3 0

Total Value of Assessment Work

Total Cost

^ S3Q

^ \ Uâ, 4^3

^

-H

f / ZO

^32L\^

Calculations of Filing Discounts:

1. Work filed within two years of performance is claimed at 100*^ of the above Total Value of Assessment Work.

2. If work is filed after two years and up to five years after performance, it can only be claimed at 500A of the Total

Value of Assessment Work. If this situation applies to your claims, use the calculation below:

TOTAL VALUE OF ASSESSMENT WORK x 0.50 Total S value of worked claimed.

Not*:- Work older than 5 years is not eligible for credit.- A recorded holder may be required to verify expenditures claimed in this statement of costs within 45 days of a

request for verification and/or correction/clarification. If verification and/or correction/clarification is not made, the

Minister may reject all or part of the assessment work submitted.

Certification verifying costs:

l, -Pftvsl O"Â-^5 V\J , do hereby certify, that the amounts shown are as accurate as may'(ptoase print fufl nam*)

reasonably be determined and the costs were incurred while conducting assessment work on the lands indicated on

the accompanying Declaration of Work form as

to make

0212(02/99)

Fy) LOCUST(recorded holder, agent, or state company position with signing authority)

l am authorized

Signature-

h jData

Ajav. l * i

Ministry ofNorthern Developmentand Mines

February 3, 1997

Gary WhiteMining Recorder60 Wilson Avenue, 1st FloorTimmins, ONP4N 2S7

Ministere du Developpement du Nord et des Mines Ontario

Geoscience Assessment Office 933 Ramsey Lake Road 6th Floor Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5

Telephone: Fax:

(705) (705)

670-5853 670-5863

Dear Sir or Madam:

Subject: Transaction Number(s): W9660.00610

Submission Number: 2.17013StatusApproval

We have reviewed your Assessment Work submission with the above noted Transaction Number(s). The attached summary page(s) indicate the results of the review. WE RECOMMEND YOU READ THIS SUMMARY FOR THE DETAILS PERTAINING TO YOUR ASSESSMENT WORK.If the status for a transaction is a 45 Day Notice, the summary will outline the reasons for the notice, and any steps you can take to remedy deficiencies. The 90-day deemed approval provision, subsection 6(7) of the Assessment Work Regulation, will no longer be in effect for assessment work which has received a 45 Day Notice.

Please note any revisions must be submitted in DUPLICATE to the Geoscience Assessment Office, by the response date on the summary.

NOTE: This correspondence may affect the status of your mining lands. Please contact the Mining Recorder to determine the available options and the status of your claims.If you have any questions regarding this correspondence, please contact Lucille Jerome by e-mail at [email protected] or by telephone at (705) 670-5858.

Yours sincerely,

ORIGINAL SIGNED BYRon C. GashinskiSenior Manager, Mining Lands SectionMines and Minerals Division

Correspondence ID: 10542 Copy for: Assessment Library

Work Report Assessment Results

Submission Number: 2 .17013Date Correspondence Sent: February 03, 1997 Assessor: Lucille JeromeTransaction

NumberFirst Claim

NumberW9660.00610 1171632

Section:13 Geochemical GCHEM

Township(s) l A rea(s)PROSSER

Status

ApprovalApproval Date

January 31, 1997

Correspondence to:Mining Recorder Timmins, ON

Resident Geologist Timmins, ON

Assessment Files Library Sudbury, ON

Recorded Holder(s) and/or Agent(s):Dan BrissonFALCONBRIDGE LIMITED Timmins, ONTARIO

Page: l

Correspondence ID: 10542

-

LEGEND

HIGHWAY AND ROUTE No. —— (^J^^H—™

SURVEYED LINES:

LOTS, MINING CLAIMS, PARCELS, ETC. ——————————

UNSURVEYED LINES: LOT LINES ———————————PARCEL BOUNDARY ———————————MINING CLAIMS ETC. ———————————

RAILWAY AND RIGHT OF WAY H —— i —— H-t —— i —— 1-

UTILITY LINES -o —— "— f-o —— ̂

NON-PERENNIAL STREAM — -- —— -— ———

FLOODING OR FLOODING RIGHTS ZZZZZZZZZSZ

SUBDIVISION OH COMPOSII b PLAN /̂///////////////////////.

ORIGINAL SHORELINE . .........••••••••••....'.'.'.'.'••••-

MARSH OR MUSKEG Ê^^^^S^ MINES ft

TRAVERSE MONUMENT -^-

DISPOSITION OF CROWN LANDS

TYPE OF DOCUMENT SYMBOL

PATENT, SURFACES MINING RIGHTS ... . .. . . 9

.SURFACE RIGHTS ONLY.... ©

.MINING RIGHTSONLY .. O

LEASE. SURFACE S MINING RIGHTS— . .. —. ..— ... B

" .SURFACE RIGHTS ONLY. _ ..... .. . .... H

" , MINING RIGHTS ONLY........ .. .. ............. Q

LICENCE OF OCCUPATION .. .. _ . ..... .......... .. T

ORDER-IN-COUNCIL ... _ OCRESERVATION ©

CANCELLED , , ®

SAND S GRAVEL _ . ,... .. (T)

NOTE: MINING RIGHTS IN PARCELS PATENTED PRIOR TO MAY 6, 1913, VESTED IN ORIGINAL PATENTEE BY THE PUBLIC LANDS ACT, R.S.O. 1970, CHAP. 380, SEC. 63, SUBSEC 1.

THE INFORMATION THAT APPEARS ON THIS MAP HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. AND ACCURACY IS NOT GUARANTEED THOSE WISHING TO STAKE MIN ING CI AIMS SHOULD CON SULT WITH THE MINING RECORDER. MINISTRY OF NORTHERN DEVELOP MENT AND MINES. FOR AD DITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE STATUS OF THE LANDS SHOWN HEREON

V

dMl 3I93NHVO

9

9

9

9

9

*U^~ 9

p 1198969

55988 S5989

P P

4 UNITS

55991 .55990,

S}.

f

\\ i *l \

x

9

9

9

9

9

^MV^

9

9

9

12 II

LUCAS TWPS i )

9

9

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9

9

9

9

•}.' S c~~^

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9

S 9

10

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

rf

) 9

\p g P kg

60353 60354^"p g"p g

60352 60355

X*

"1w —

sr

A

-̂ — \-

9

9

9R P

B B55310 55311 -P---A----

P g-rp B

155313 55312

P l j P l

1 55314 55315

55318 l 55319

9P g P g

58157 58158 V""g~^P~~~g

58156 5 8159

"^V-^-u•i

9 8

in

) Q)V '} .s ^rosseA l Lake

9

1996498 996497

aC~ ,. B996495 ^996496

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9p a p a

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. i 55321 \55320 . ,L- -L - .

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1171634 -| II7Y535

1171633 JI17I632

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p |pS80206 l 835668

880207 835669

. J -

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1213569

(4 UNITS)

e

9

9

^••- - -^.,

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9

567940 1 567939

3 ^P

567941 567942

9 | ®

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JV^-f

9

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\

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618880 1 618877 1

Hi Br618879 618878

9

f

1 9

f

9p

1209913 (4 UNITS)

p IP1072231 l 1072232

B 1 ^

1072228 1 1072229

B H

1072227 P| 072225

a ^-\ A. mP V Q

] 1 1072237B KJ1072236 i^ Q

9 '

F619278 l 619275

Hi BP ' q*'619277 i 619276

HI B

\^~^^

9IP

508391 508392

t 1

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h-

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1

NOTES:

400' surface rights reservation along the shores of all lakes and rivers.

SCALE: 1 INCH = 40 CHAINS

FEET 0 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000

0 200 1000 2000METRES (1 KM) [2 KM)

ACRES HECTARES

ivifoiiTOWNSHIP

PROSSERM. N. R. ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT

TIMMINS

MINING DIVISION

PORCUPINELAND TITLES/ REGISTRY DIVISION

COCHRANE

42A14SW0048 2. 1701 3 PROSSER 200

Dale NumberFEB. I960

ACTIVATED JUi 't l i. i99f- f "* — *^^î fc^ ̂ \

CHKCKc.u BY li. W

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