Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC WATER DISPOSAL / RECYCLING
PROCESSES FOR UNCONVENTIAL SHALE GAS
WASTE WATER
by Tom Lewis III
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
CURRENT STATUS… • SERVICE ORGANIZATION, INCORPORATED IN JANUARY 1991 • COMPANY HAS TWO PATENTS - HEAVY METALS REMOVAL AND CYANIDE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES • PATENT PENDING SHALE GAS WATER RECYCLING PROCESS
CORPORATE CAPIBILITIES • OEM – CORE TECHNOLOGY: PATENTED GAC PROCESS • WATER AND SOIL REMEDIATION CAPABILITIES • SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND CAD DESIGN
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TRILLION DOLLAR
NATURAL GAS RESERVE
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
y g "Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL. NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
Hydraulic Fracturing… • FRACING” - INJECTING WATER, SAND AND CHEMICALS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INTO THE SHALE FORMATION. • SEPARATES THE PORES IN THE ROCK , SAND "HOLD" THE CRACKS OPEN – RELEASES GAS FLOWBACK: 20% - 25% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECOVERED FROM THE WELL. • NASTY STUFF: THERE’S AS MUCH AS TWO POUNDS OF SALT IN A GALLON OF FRAC WATER.
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 6,000,000 GALLONS WATER THAT’S 1200 TRUCKLOADS OF WATER OR 9 OLYMPIC SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HOW DO THEY COMPARE?
SHALE PLAY BARNETT MARCELLUS LOCATION FORT WORTH, TX
2/3 OF PA, PARTS OF NY and WV
WATER SOURCES SOME WHAT SCARCE OR LIMITED
WATER IS PLENTIFUL. 2ND LARGEST WATER WAYS
DISPOSAL OPTIONS
10,000 DISPOSAL WELLS
8 DISPSOAL WELLS AND 6 TREATMENT PLANTS
FLOWBACK% 60% - 70% FLOWBACK INITIAL STAGES
20% - 25% FLOWBACK IN INITIAL STAGE
ORGANICS LEVELS
LOW % IN FRAC WATER
VERY WET GAS WITH HIGHER SOLUBLE ORGANICS
TWO BIGGEST DIFFERENCES IN THE PLAYS… 1 - LIMITED DEEP WELL INJECTION OPTIONS AND 2 - HIGHER ORGANICS AND TDS CONCENTRATIONS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 4,000,000 GALLONS WATER THAT’S 800 TRUCKLOADS OF WATER OR 6 OYLIMPIC SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Flowback Samples MEASUREMENT A B C D pH 5.93 5.83 5.95 5.89 SODIUM 548 43 629 1 477 34 54 CALCIUM 3,600 15,680 6,800 15,200 MAGNESIUM 6,062 1,770 899 4,730 BARIUM 547 112 127 98 IRON 1,274 60 105 92 MANGANESE 99.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 BICARBONATE 415 183 348 195 SULFATE 10 10 20 60 CHLORIDE 93,000 35,000 68,000 125,000 TDS 148,016 54,230 110,847 200,000
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
BARNETT – MARCELLUS SHALE COMPARISON
BARNETT 1 BARNETT 2 MARCELLUS pH 6.8 5.8 5.9 Alkalinity 480 360 56 Iron 0.50 63 38 Aluminum <0.1 0.50 1 Calcium 1,400 10,400 1,300 Magnesium 180 880 100 Chloride 23,100 95,750 16,400 Manganese 1 5 2 Silica 29 14 12 Sulfate 32 430 20 TDS 39,800 176,400 29,000
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FLOWBACK ANALYSIS OVER TIME
ITEMS INFLUENT A
FLOWBACK A DAY 14
INFLUENT B
FLOWBACK B DAY 14
Sodium 6,190 32,500 88 31,500 Calcium 2,990 12,500 21 7,820 Magnesium 3.6 7.0 3.7 725 Iron 11.6 39.8 0.9 41 Barium 9.8 58 0.28 569 Chloride 10,700 78,600 75 67,100 Bicarbonate 31 56 46 56 Ammonia 9.3 107 3.6 121
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
2011 RECYCLING/FLOWBACK TREND ANALYSIS
ITEMS FLOWBACK YEAR 2009
FLOWBACK YEAR 2011
Sodium 12,200 31,000 Calcium 7,500 19,500 Magnesium 570 1,680 Iron 39 109 Barium 95 3,310 Strontium 103 4,040 Chloride 80,200 148,000 Bicarbonate 36 56 Ammonia 107 135
SUMMARY… •CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION INCREASED BY 100%. •BARIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED 30 – 40 TIMES. •CALCIUM CONCENTRATION INCREASED 2 – 3 TIMES. •TDS LEVELS INCREASED 2 – 3 TIMES.
THESE INCREASES ARE GAME CHANGERS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
WATER MANAGEMNT TRENDS… SMALL and MEDIUM SIZE DRILLERS • OFF-SITE DISPOSAL COSTLY TRUCKING AND DISPOSAL FEES LARGE SIZE DRILLERS
• REUSE “DIRTY” FRAC WATER AND FRESH WATER • DEEP WELL INJECT CONCENTRATED BRINE WATER
LOSS OF VALUABLE WATER AND RECOVERABLE RESOURCES
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
DIRTY FRAC WATER
DIRTY FRAC WATER
FILTRATION
RECYCLED
FRAC WATER
DEEP WELL INJECTION
FRESH WATER
FRAC WATER MANAGEMENT
DRILL SITE
ENVIRO-SHALE
PROCESS
2nd
FRAC WATER RECYCLED 5 – 6 TIMES
ELIMINATE DEEP WELL INJECTION
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
y g "Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL. NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
FRAC AND PRODUCED WATERS ARE TRANSPORTED TO VARIOUS TREATMENT AND MUNICIPAL FACILITIES. BASED ON NEW DEP REGULATIONS SCHEDULED TO BEGIN IN 2011, THERE ARE NO FACILITIES CURRENTLY IN OPERATION WHICH CAN MEET THE NEW DISCHARGE LIMITS. THERE IS A “REAL” NEED FOR PROCESSING CAPACITIY.
Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems
LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
y g "Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL. NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
MARKET SIZE… • HUGE MARKET – 10,000 WELLS IN THE NEXT 5 YEARS • PROJECTED WATER USAGE - 28,000,000 GALLONS PER DAY (5,000 TRUCKLOADS/DAY) • DISPOSAL VOLUME – 1.85 BILLION GALLONS PER YEAR • NATURAL GAS REVENUES TO PA - $1.2 TRILLION • THE ISSUES WITH WATER USAGE AND DISPOSAL MUST BE ADDRESSED IF THE STATE IS THE REALIZE THESE REVENUES.
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAC WATER TREATMENT CHOICES… • ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS – ZERO DISCHARGE • OZONE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY • REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) •DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION • CRYSTALLIZER LET’S REVEIW HOW EACH ONE WORKS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
OZONE STRENGTH WEAKNESS
ALLEGHENY OZONE SOMERSET, PA
DESTRUCTS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
NEEDS ELECTRICITY TO MAKE OZONE
ECOSPHERE TECHNOLOGIES DELAWARE CORP.
PATENTED PROCESS
VERY EXPENSIVE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION STILL HAS WASTE STREAM
DISTILLATION STRENGTH WEAKNESS GE WATER (USA)
RECOVERS AND CONCENTRATES FINANCIALLY STRONG
EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FOUNTAIN QUAIL (USA) PURE STREAM
INDUSTRY ACCEPTANCE
CONCENTRATE DISPOSAL HIGH MAINTENANCE COSTS TDS LIMITS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
CRYSTALLIZER STRENGTH WEAKNESS GE WATER (USA)
CONCENTRATES HIGH TDS FEEDSTOCKS FINANCIALLY STRONG
VERY EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION
AQUA-TECH (USA) NO UNITS IN MARCELLUS PLAY
CONCENTRATE DISPOSAL HIGH MAINTENANCE COSTS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Brine Concentrator/Crystallizer
EXTENSIVE RECYCLING OF FRAC FLUIDS HAS REDUCED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES DUE TO THE HIGH TDS AND CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
THE SOLUTION … • ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS - ZERO DISCHARGE PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY (PATENT PENDING) • PRODUCES HIGH PURITY WATER FOR REUSE • RECOVERS BRINE AS SALEABLE SALT • ELIMINATES LARGE VOLUMES OF FLOWBACK DISPOSAL • ON-SITE TREATMENT CAPABILITY
SAVES MONEY AND RESOURCES WHILE IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TWO MAJOR ISSUES INTERSECT… PENNSYLVANIA’S HIGH TDS NEW SOURCE REGULATIONS & ZERO DISCHARGE FRAC WATER RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY
WORKING TOGETHER BOTH WIN
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
TITLE 25 PA CODE CHAPTER 95... NEW SOURCES OF HIGH TDS WASTE WATERS AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 2010
SHALE GAS WASTE WATER DISCHARGE LIMITS
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 500 mg/l TOTAL CHLORIDES 250 mg/l TOTAL SULFATES 250 mg/l TOTAL BARIUM 10 mg/l TOTAL STRONTIUM 10 mg/l
MAY, 2011 – PA GOV CALLED FOR A VOLUNTARY STATEWIDE MORATORIUM ON DISPOSAL AT MUNICIPAL WATER PLANTS
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS (ESP) TWO STAGE PROCESS • 1st STAGE – REMOVES OIL/GREASE, ORGANICS AND IRON • 2nd STAGE – REMOVES TRACE ORGANICS AND NONDESIRED INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS • ESP EFFLUENT IS CLEAR AND ORGANIC FREE • HIGH PURITY BRINE STREAM FINAL STEP IS DISTILLATIVE RECOVERY FOR SALEABLE SALT AND HIGH PURITY WATER DISTILLATE
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
BRINE WASTE
• COLLECTION SYSTEM • EQUILIZATION
TREATMENT SYSTEM
• pH ADJUSTMENT • METALS REMOVAL
CLARIFICATION
• LAMELLA FILTER • SLUDGE THICKER • FILTER PRESS
FINAL DISCHARGE
• FINAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE • FILTER PRESS SLUDGE
CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT SYSTEM
REMOVES HEAVY METALS, DIRT OIL &
GREASE AND LIMITED ORGANICS
CHLORIDES ARE NOT
REMOVED
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
UPGRADE
• UPGRADED CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT W/ ESP REAGENTS
ESP ESP PROCESS
• EFFLUENT POLISH • IMPURITY REMOVAL • REMOVES BARIUM and STRONTIUM
DISTILLATION
• HIGH PURITY DISTILLATE • SALEABLE BRINE SOLIDS
FINAL DISCHARGE
• FINAL EFFLUENT SOLD TO DRILLERS • BRINE SOLIDS SOLD TO 3dr PARTY USERS
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS w/ EVAPORATOR REMOVES HEAVY
METALS, DIRT OIL & GREASE AND SOME
ORGANICS - 80%
POLISHING STEP: ORGANICS & TRACE METALS REMOVED
PHASE 1 – RECYCLE WATER W/
CHLORIDES TO DRILLERS
FEED WATER CHARACTERIZATION
ITEM RAW VALUE
FEED RANGES
TDS 306,000 - 138,000 pH 7.4 - 5.4
TOTAL IRON 109 - 93
TOTAL CHLORIDE 185,600 - 130,000
TOTAL BARIUM
TOTAL STRONTIUM
CALCIUM
3,479
5,420
23,000
- 1,360
- 3,600
- 18,800
TOC 136 - 52
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS RESULTS
ITEM AVERAGE EFF VALUE
% REMOVAL
TDS 153,700 14.0 CARBON DIOXIDE 14.1 71.6
TOTAL IRON 0.2 99.9
TOTAL CHLORIDE 126,300 18.5 TOTAL BARIUM
TOTAL STRONTIUM
CALCIUM
740
3,742
19,003
72.1
22.0
6.2
TOC 27 69.0
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS TEST RESULTS
ITEM RAW FEED
ESP 1&2 FINAL DISTILLATE
% REMOVED
TDS 181,000 191,000 406 99.77%
pH 5.63 6.42 6.82
TOTAL IRON 143 <0.1 <0.1 99.93%
TOTAL CHLORIDE 78,000 71,900 95 99.87%
TOTAL BARIUM
TOTAL STRONTIUM
OIL & GREASE
95.3
108
77.0
1.04
7.94
<5
<0.1
<0.1
<5
99.89%
99.90%
99.70%
TOC 62.76 0.61 <0.1 99.84%
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
•THIS MEETS THE NEW HIIGH TDS
DISCHARGE LIIMITS
BARNETT SHALE TREATMENT OPTION
DEEPWELL THERMAL ENERGY
DISPOSAL - $1.47 TRANS; $2.00 DEEP WELL FEE $ 3.474 x
WATER RECYCLE - $ 2.52 @ 80% WATER RECOVERY
x $ 2.52
BRINE DISPOSAL - $3.47 @ 20%
x $ 0.69
WATER RECOVERY- $ 1.35 BBL
x -$ 1.35
TOTAL COST PER BARREL $ 3.47 $ 1.86 RECOVERY SAVINGS 46.4%
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
MARCELLUS SHALE TREATMENT OPTION
DEEPWELL THERMAL ENERGY
ZERO DISCHARGE
DISPOSAL - $10.50 TRANS; $2.93 DEEP WELL FEE $ 13.444 x x
WATER RECYCLE - $ 8.40 @ 70% WATER RECOVERY
x $ 8.40 $ 10.50
BRINE DISPOSAL - $13.44 @ 30%
x $ 4.03 - 2.00
SALT RECOVERY- $50/TON; 80,000 mg/l Cl; 30%
x x - 1.39
TOTAL COST PER BARREL $ 13.44 $ 12.43 $ 7.11 RECOVERY SAVINGS 12.5% 47%
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LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
•MOBILE PROCESSING IN THE FIELD WOULD SAVE AN
ADDITIONAL $3.15 BBL