Page 4, 19th December 1840

Organisations: French government, Ecole d'Application d'Etat, royal navy, General Council, Prussian government, Turkish government, Spanish government, Egyptian army, army, Light Infantry, navy, Polytechnic School, Egyptian government, Portuguese government, US Federal Reserve, Turkish army, Mexican government, French army, University of Charlottesville, Russian government, Court of Cessation, Military College of St. Cyr, Legion of the Suburban National Guards, Commission of St. Helena, Infantry of the Line, Grand Army, National Guard, General Harrison's administration, Regiment of the Line, Court of Directors, Legion of Honour, Egyptian army in Syria

People: Maunsel, M. HUMANN, Field-Marshal Lawcestine, M. Duval, BOCHOS YOUSSOUTP BEY, Dowager, Darriule, Hugon, Emile Delamothe, Gerard, Prime, Emile de Girardin, Saldanha, Field-Marshal Hequet, Louis Philippe, Charles Napier, Ahmed Fethi Pacha, Davis, Ibrahim Pacha, John Russell, Prince, Semi Bey, Bertrand, Ponsonby, Hubert, Parnell, de Joinville, Ahmed Zekeria, Palmerston, M. Coquereau, John Hare, Jacqueminot, Walker, Robert Stop, Redschid Pacha, Schneider, Vive Napoleon, Chang, Wood, de Grace, M. Guizot

Locations: Madrid, Bristol, Paris, Philadelphia, Bogota, Portsmouth, Amsterdam, St. Petersburg, Londonderry, Hamburg, Naples, Georgetown, Boston, Halifax, Liverpool, New York, Grand Signor, Berlin, Rome, ALGIERS, Maracaibo, Alexandria, Cape Town, Lisbon, London, Darmstadt

Foreign And Colonial

Page 9 from 31st December 1842

C.hronicle Of The Week.

Page 1 from 11th May 1878

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE.

FRANCE.

We alluded in our last number to a report, to which we attached at the time no credit, of an action said to have taken place between a British and a French ship of war in the Red Sea. The Moniteur says that the French government "has received no intelligence which could give the slightest probability to the report. It is evidently the repetition of a rumour circulated some months ago, and which was without the least foundation."

It had been reported that a part of the French fleet would be sent to winter at Brest. This rumour has received a semi-official contradiction. The fleet is not to be separated.

The following laconic telegraphic announcement of the devastation of another district of Africa by the French army appears in the Moniteur of Wednesday : " TOULON, DEC. 13, 4-O'CLOCK P.M. " ALGIERS, DEC. 8. '‘ MARSHAL VALLEE TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. " The province of Algiers is tranquil.

"In the province of Oran, General Lamoriciere has made another razia, with complete success. "The mail from Bona has not arrived."

A Toulon letter, 11th inst., states that Admiral Hugon has been ordered to sail immediately, with six ships of the line, to the coast of Morocco, to demand satisfaction for the insult recently offered to the

French consul at Tangiers. Some steamers are to go with the squadron, and, if satisfaction is refused, the place is to be bombarded. The French have been singularly unfortunate of late in this respect. All the world, according to their own accounts, has entered into a conspiracy to insult them. The theatre of the gymnase, at Lyons, has been destroyed by fire. No individual appears to have been killed or wounded on the occasion.

The appeal of Madame Laffarge to the Court of Cessation occupied that tribunal last week during Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. The appeal was rejected.

FUNERAL HONOURS TO NAPOLEON.

The Paris papers of the week are naturally occupied to a great extent with the pageant prepared for their amusement by the niers ministry, and brought out under that of M. Guizot. The excitement at Havre and Rouen, though by no means inconsiderable, appears to have been less than had been anticipated. The correspondent of a morning paper gives the following account of the arrival of the cortege at Rouen :

"At 11 o'clock the smoke of the first steam-boat was observed. Minute guns were fired by the artillery of the National Guard stationed on the heights of St. Catherine. The steam-boats, twelve in number, proceeded slowly up the river. The third in order, the Dorade, contained the remains of Napoleon. The coffin was placed on the fore-deck, and General Bertrand and the Prince de Joinville stood at its head. The Dorade alone passed under the triumphal arch. The other boats passed at the side. The crews of the Belle Poule and Favourite were distributed on board the other steam-boats, and formed an interesting spectacle. As the Dorade sailed under the triumphal arch, the ve= terans on the bridge raised a cry of • Vive Napoleon !' which was the only cry I heard. The Dora was hauled up on the left bank of the river, between the suspension-bridge and the Pont Neuf, where the authorities were placed. The archbishop gave the absoute (absolution.) This ceremony lasted about twenty minutes, and the steam-boats, with the exception of those which draw too much water, being built for the navigation of the Seine from Rouen to Havre, proceeded, up the river. All was over before twelve o'clock, and the troops were withdrawn. The multitudes retired in the most perfect order, but it was three hours before I could return to my hotel, in consequence of the dense crowd that filled the streets. I understand the expense of this day's ceremony will amount to upwards of 60,000f."

Another correspondent gives a more glowing description of the feeling manifested by some of the spectators.

"About nine o'clock in the morning; when the cannon announced to the city that the cortege had left the Val de la Haye, where it had lain during the night, the clergy of all the parishes left the cathedral, all dressed in their richest ornaments, and, preceded by the Cardinal Archbishop Prince de Crei Solre, repaired in procession to the tent prepared for their reception on the Quay de-St. Saver. The prefect, and the civil, judiciary, and military authorities also proceeded thither respectively, and the retired officers, the members of the Legion of Honour, the wounded and soldiers of the old army of the empire,

who had assembled at the town-hall, traversed the streets, bearing crowns of irnmortetles and laurel, and went to take their station under the triumphal arch. "The latter certainly constitutedthe most interesting portion of the cortege. They were from 1,400 to 1,500 in number. Some of them, particularly the soldiers, wore the uniforms of the corps to which they had formerly belonged. I remarked amongst the rest a chasseur a cheval of the Imperial Guard, who had lost a leg, and a very old man, dressed in the uniform of the • terrible' 57th demi-bngade of the army of Italy. All looked radiant, though sorrowful, and many bad tears rolling in their eyes. 'Oh! that I lived to see this day,' exclaimed an old legionnaire. 'I shall now die happy. My country may again defy the world, we have got back our palladium.' Another, who evidently laboured under a double cause of emotion, cried out as be passed along blasphemously, He is my God! my eternal Father! I know no other.' A third, stationed at the rear of the column, evincing some fears as to the solidity of the iron bridge to bear so considerable a weight, an old grognerd' walking by him observed, 'It is easy to see that you were not with us at the passage of the bridge of the Beresina, or you would not be so squeamish.' The young soldiers appeared no less affected than those veterans. As I was standing by a group of officers of Cuirassiers, on the quay, I heard one of them, a lieutenant, say to the other I would give a great deal to be able to command my emotion ; but I feel that when the convoy comes up I shall cry like a child, and I shall look so foolish at the head of my men.'" The cort'Ir experienced a brilliant reception at St. Germain on

•

Monday, and arrived at Courbevoie at about half-past 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The day was bitter cold, yet scores of thousands of Parisians of all but the lower classes repaired to St. Germain, Château St. Denis, and Asnieres, to witness its passage. During ten days and up to Monday morning, Paris and its vicinity were enveloped in a fog that would have done credit to Fleet-street ; but, as if to oblige the sight-seers, and the adorers, real or pretended, of the memory of Napoleon, the sun made his appearance on Monday, and shone throughout the day. The five battalions stationed at Courbevoie were under arms, and drawn up along the left bank of the river, which was covered with an immense multitude, who saluted the remains with deafening acclamations. The National Guards had not been called out, as it was found impossible to land the coffin until the next morning, but they were represented by their officers, who had repaired to the beach with the authorities of the surrounding districts. As each of the steamers came up, she fired a salute, andthen took the station assigned to her for the night, on both banks of the river. One of them towed up a boat adorned with laurels and immortelles, on the deck of which arose a monumental tomb, which had been prepared by the inhabitants of Neuilly, and sent down to meet the convoy as far as Asnieres. In the front and rear were four tripods throwing out flames, and round the tomb were engraved on escocheons the names of the principal victories of the republic and empire.

The decorations at Neuilly could not be completed in time. The wind was so piercingly cold that the workmen were unable to raise to the top of the rostral column of Notre Dame de Grace a ball of the world, six feet in diameter, and a huge eagle which was to crown the whole. The column was to have been upwards of 150 feet in height, but owing to the cold, the authorities ordered the works to be sus

pended at 5 o'clock, and the column remained a mere skeleton. Its base only presented the following inscription, containing the last re

quest of Napoleon :-" I wish my ashes to repose on the banks of

the Seine." Next to it were raised three tripods, 20 feet high, and handsomely decorated, from which arose volumes of flames. The

wharf, or debarcadere, constructed for the landing of the coffin, was terminated by an open Grecian temple, 100 feet high, under which the body was to lie in state, and to be afterwards transferred to the

funeral car. But the most interesting decoration of all was a colos

sal statue of the Empress Josephine, erected at the extremity of the bridge of Neuilly, on the roadleading to the Château de Malmaison. The Prince de Joinville remained on board, and only a few of the sailors were allowed to land. One man, however, came ashore by special leave, who no sooner set his foot on the quay than he was surrounded and embraced by all the generals, in presence of all the troops. This man, Sergeant Hubert, had never abandoned the

Emperor dead or alive. After the demise of Napoleon, he assigned to himself the mission of guarding his tomb, which he had piously discharged ever since the 5th of May, 1821. Hubert was dressed in the uniform of the grenadiers of the Imperial Guard, and wore the decoration of the Legion of Honour.

On Tuesday morning, long before day, the population was seen proceeding in the direction of the Barriere de PEtoile, by which the

cortege was to enter Paris. The greatest number, however, did not stop there but pushed on to Neuilly, the avenue of which was, in the course Of a short time, occupied by at least 400,000 or 500,000 persons. The troops and National Guards soon arrived, and drew up on both sides of the avenue.

The artillery which was to fire the salute on the landing of the coffin having been delayed in its passage through the city, next came up, and galloped down the avenue, to make up for the time they had lost. The passage on the bridge of Neuilly having been interrupted at seven o'clock in the morning, the

people could not accomplish their pilgrimage to Courbevoie. Between 2,000 and 3,000, however, got into boats and crossed over to one of King Louis Philippe's islands, just opposite to Courbevoie, from which a good view of the ceremony of the landing of the remains could behad. The Dorade steamer had left her station in the centre of the river, and was moored near the debarcadere. The twenty-four seamen of the Belle Poule who were to carry the coffin ashore were standing on each side of the catafalque. The troops and National Guards of Courbevoie, Rueil, and other neighbouring districts lined the quays, and the artillery was drawn up close to the river side. The funeral triumphal car shortly afterwards was seen passing the bridge, and on reaching Courbevoie was stationed under the portico of the Grecian temple.

This car, which was truly magnificent, consisted of five distinct parts-1, the base ; 2, the pedestal ; 3, the caryatides ; 4, the shield ; and 5, the cenotaph. The base rests on four massive gilt wheels ; it was 25 feet long and six high, and presented the form of a parallelogram, with a semicir

cular platform in front. On this last stood a group of four genii, supporting a crown of Charlemagne ; at the four angles were four other genii, in relieve, who held garlands with one hand, and with

the other the trumpet of Fame ; above were fasces ; in the middle eagles, and the cypher of the Emperor surrounded with crowns. The base and its ornaments were covered with burnished gold. The pedestal placed on this base was 18 feet in length by seven in height, and entirely covered with gold and purple cloth, with the cypher and arms of the Emperor. On both sides hung two velvet imperial mantles, sprinkled with bees. Behind was a profusion of flags. On this pedestal stood 14 caryatides, somewhat larger than life, entirely gilt over, and supporting with their heads and hands an immense shield. These caryatides were placed, six on one side, and six on the other, back to back, and two others at the extremities. The shield was in gold, of an elongated oval form, and loaded with fasces of javelins.

The sarcophagus, of an antique form, was raised above the shield. In the centre, on a rich cushion, lay the sceptre' the hand of justice arid the imperial crown, studded with jewels.

This monument of gold and velvet, about fifty feet high, was drawn by sixteen black horses, yoked by fours, and so caparisoned as only to show the extremities of their feet. The caparisons were cut in the shape of those of the tournament horses of the middle ages, and in gold cloth. The manes were adorned with gold tresses and white plumes, and valets, dressed in the livery of the Emperor, led the horses.

While the preparations for landing the coffin were making on shore, the people in the island struck up the " Marseillaise," some

of the singers concluding each strophe by these words :-" Qu'un sang impur venge notre Empereur ;' and others, " et de tout cceur, gloire a notre Empereur." When they had got through the national hymn, they gave three cheers for Napoleon, and as many curses for his enemies.

At half-past nine, the clergy of Courbevoie having reached the Dorade, prayers were read over the body. The Prince de Joinville then gave orders to land, when all the assistants, preceded by the

clergy, went on shore, and the twenty-four seamen having raised the coffin on their shoulders, followed the procession. The artillery

fired a salute of twenty-one rounds, and the corpse was landed amidst the acclamations of the troops and the people. This was the first place where the remains touched the French ground. They

were conveyed to the Grecian temple, and after lying there in state for a short time, while M. Coquereau, the chaplain of the expedition, and the other clergymen, chanted prayers, the seamen again took up their precious load, and carried it to the triumphal car.

By this time the prefects of the Seine and of police, the mayors of the twelve municipal districts of Paris, and of the rural districts, the adjoints , the conseillers de prefecture and the other civil authorities, arrived at the bridge of Neuilly to receive the body on the limits o the department.

While waiting for the departure of the cortege in the Avenue de Neuilly, a number of veterans of the old army, dressed in the uniform of the corps to which they had belonged, passed through the crowd, on their way to join the procession at the bridge. They were all but carried in triumph by the people, and, as most of them belonged to the Imperial Guard, they were saluted as they went along by cries of " Vive la Vieille Garde !" The one who seemed to excite the most lively sympathy was an old chief of squadron of the Mamelukes of the Imperial Guard, attired in the rich costume of that regiment, bearing on his breast the decorations of the Legion of Honour and of the Iron Crown. The people taking him for Roustan, the Mameluke of the Emperor, treated him with marks of the greatest respect, dividing as he walked down the avenue to let him pass, and taking off their hats. The Polish Lancers of the Guard were also loudly cheered with cries of " Vive la Pologne I"

It was eleven o'clock before the hearse left Courbevoie. It paused awhile near the statue of Josephine, after which the procession commenced its march, amidst the roaring of artillery, in the following order

The Gendarmerie of the Seine, with trumpets, and the colonel at its head.

2. The Municipal Horse Guards, with standards and trumpets, and headed by their colonel. 3. Detachments of the 7th Lancers, with the flags and band of the regiment, and commanded by their colonel.

4. Lieutenant-General Darriule, Commandant of Paris, and his staff, and the officers en conge.

5. A battalion of Infantry of the Line, with their colonel at the head, and accompanied by the band, sappers, &c. 6. The Municipal Foot Guards, with flags and drums, and the colonel at their head.

7. The Sappers and Firemen, with flags and drums, and headed by their lieutenant-colonel.

8. Two squadrons of the 7th Lancers, commanded by the liautenant-colonel.

9. Two squadrons of the 5th Cuirassiers, flags and band, and the colonel at the head.

10. The Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the division, and his staff. 11. Officers of all grades employed at the War-office. 12. The Military College of St. Cyr, headed by its staff. 13. The Polytechnic School, with its staff.

14. The Ecole d'Application d'Etat-Major, with its staff. 15. A battalion of Light Infantry, with the colonel at its head. 16. Two batteries of Artillery. 17. A detachment of the 1st battalion of the Foot Chasseurs.

18. Seven Companies of the Engineers, under the orders of a Chief of Battalion.

19. Four companies of non-commissioned veteran officers.

20. Two squadrons of the 5th Cuirassiers, with the colonel at their head. 21. Four squadrons of the mounted National Guards, with flags and band, and commanded by their colonel.

22. Marshal Gerard, Commander-in•Chief, General Jacqueminot, the Deputy-Commander, and their Staffs. 23. The Second Legion of the Suburban National Guards. 24. The First Legion of the Paris National Guards. 25. Two squadrons of the Cavalry of the National Guards, headed by the lieutenant-colonel.

26. A carriage, in which sat the Almoner, the chaplain of the expedition, and his assistants.

27. General Officers of the army and navy of the reserve, or retired list, residing in Paris, on horseback. 28. General Officers and others belonging to the royal navy. 29. The principal band of funeral music. 30. The war-horse of Napoleon, led by grooms dressed in the Imperial livery.

31. A detachment of 24 non-commissioned officers, chosen from the Cavalry of the National Guard, from the Cavalry and Artillery of the Line, and from the Municipal Guard, under the command of a Captiun of the General Staff of the National Guard.

32. A mourning carriage, drawn by four horses, in which was placed the Commission of St. Helena.

33. A body of 33 ?oh-officers, wearing the decorations, and selected from the Foot National Guards, the Infantry ot the Line, the Municipal Guards, the Sappers Firemen, under the orders of a captain of the staff of the Foot National Guard.

34. The Marshals of France.

35. Eighty-sixmounted sub-officers, bearing the colours of the departments, under the command of a Staff-Major, that of Corsica preceding the rest. 96. His Royal Highness the Prince de Joinville and his staff. 37. The 500 sailors who accompanied the remains of Napoleon from St. Ilelona forming the escort, and surrounding the Imperial car on two ranks. THE FUNERAL CAR.

38. Two Marshals, an Admiral, and Lieutenant-General Bertrand, on horseback, each holding a riband d'honneur attached to the Imperial pall.

39. The old Aides-de-Camp and Civil and Military Officers belonging to the Emperor's household.

40. The Prefects of the Seine and of Police, the :members of the General Council, the Mayors of Paris and their adjoints, &c.

41. The old soldiers of the Imperial Guard in uniform, the deputation from Ajaccio, retired military men in uniform. 42. A squadron of the 1st Dragoons, the lieutenant-colonel at its head.

43. Lieutenant-General Schneider, commanding the division extra natros, and his staff.

44. Field-Marshal Hequet, commanding the 4th Brigade of Infantry outside Paris.

45. A battalion of the 35th Regiment of the Line, with the band and banners and headed by the colonel. 46. Two batteries of artillery, stationed at Neuilly. 47. A battalion of the 35th Regiment, under the command of the lieutenantcolonel.

48. Field-Marshal Lawcestine, commanding the Lbrigade of the Paris Cavalry. 49. Two squadrons of the 1st Dragoons, with their flags and band, headed by their colonel.

The National Guards and troops of the line, infantry, cavalry, and artillery, stationed along the course of the procession, formed into line after the passage of the car, and closed the procession. Everywhere on the passage of the hearse the loudest acclamations resounded„ and cries of " Vive l'Empereur !" rent the air, paticularly when it reached the triumphal arch. The Prince de Joinville was exceedingly well received, but not a cry of " Vive le Roil" was uttered. The day passed quietly, although several attempts were made to create confusion.

The medical and law students had sent a deputation to the prefect on Monday, praying to be allowed to join the cortege after the military schools. This request not being complied with, they determined on attending in a body, and actually formed a procession of their own. At eight o'clock they assembled on the Place du Pantheon, about 2,000 in number, drew up four abreast, and marched through the city in that order, preceded by a tricoloured flag covered with black crape. As they debouched from the Pont Royal, the guards of the palace took alarm and turned out, but, perceiving that they moved on quietly, they allowed them to traverse the garden of the Tuileries. Thu then entered the Champs Elysees, and proceeded towards Neuilly, formed behind the National Guards, and when the triumphal car came up, followed thesrocession, still walking behind the National Guards.

From the moment the march commenced until they reached the Place de la Concorde they continued singing" La Marseillaise," and vociferated after each strophe cries of "Death to the English, and to the Ministere de l'Etranger." Their rage, however, was particularly directed against M. Guizot, whom they loaded with all sorts of im precations, and the most opprobrious epithets. A National Guard having attempted to wrest the banner from the hands of the bearer,

was nigh paying with his life for his imprudence: Unsupported by

his comrades, he was soon disarmed and knocked down, and finally taken by the four limbs and thrown into a ditch on the side of the

road, by which means he escaped being trodden to death by the

crowd. The students accompanied the procession as far as the Place de la Concorde, and then ascended the Rue Royale and the Boulevards, still singing the " Marseillaise," as far as the hotel of the Foreign-office, where they vociferated cries of" Death to Gun

sot!" " Guizot a la Lanterne 1" " Guizot a la Tamisel" " Mort au Traitre de 1815 l" " Vive Thiers !" &c.

The mass of flags that adorned the ChampsElysees, and surrounded the triumphal arch, was quite startling, but the most striking objects were some 30 or 40 masts, of 30 feet high, from each of which floated an immense tricoloured pennant, surmounted by black crape, each bearing the letter of one or other army of the republic or the empire. Thus we had, " The Army of the Rhine," " The Army of the Rhine and Moselle," " The Army of Italy," " The Army of Rome," " The Army of Holland," " The Grand Army ;" on both faces of the arch, " The Army of the Sambre et Meuse," " The Army of Catalonia," &c. From these, the eye ascended to the pediment, where men, seeming about six inches in height, were busy in completing the work which the intensity of the cold absolutely prevented the possibility of their accomplishing during the night. It was finished by ten o'clock, a.m., however, and displayed good taste and architectural proportion. It was termed " the Apotheosis of Napoleon," and consisted of the Emperor himself in his imperial costume, supported, in some degree, by an eagle on each hand, and, beyond them, Fame a cheval, proclaiming his deeds of arms.

Standing under the triumphal arch," says the correspondent of the Times, ' and upon the bronze eagle, which indicates that it is the centre, the sight was, even at that early hour (eight o'clock) interesting. From Paris by the Champs Elysees and the Faubourg du Rollie, and by the Roule de Charles X., from Passy, Auteuil, St. Cloud, Boulogne, &c., on the other side, swarms of people' of all conditions, rushed towards the Avenue de Neuilly,—some to be present at the removal of the Imperial remains from the

steamer to the car destined to convey them to, I suppose, their last resting-place, and which shortly afterwards passed for Courbevoie, under an escort of Municipal Guards. Gradually the windows of the houses adjoining to the Rend Point (of l'Etoile), the stages in front of, or connected with them, the sloping bank on the south side of the road, and the alleys and road became crowded, and then commenced the industrie de circonstance for which the Parisian hawkers and pedlars are famous. Independently of barrows laden with gateaux de Nanterre, and other cakes of indescribablequalities,therewere portable kitchens in full swing, getting up potatoes and sausages in such an inviting way that ere noon they had all disappeared. There were, besides, lemonadiers, and, to the annoyance of the resident cafetiers, brandymerchants. So far the creature comforts. Then came the intellectual large sheets,—some coloured, some plain,—with all manner of representations of the Emperor, ascending to, or seated in heaven, surrounded by his old Guard, or emerging from his tomb at St. Helena, which were thrust before every passenger, and eagerly purchased. Another set of marchands sold you, for three sous each, gilt or plated medals, commethorative of the occasion, to which an immortelle was fastened by a piece of black riband."

Among other measures of precaution, temporary ambulanies (surgeries) were stationed along the line, by order of government, to be able to afford immediate relief, in case of accident.

When the car reached the triumphal arch, where it halted for some time, the enthusiasm of the multitude was great. Shouts of " Vive l'Empereur l" rent the air, and contrasted strongly, and I need not add favourably, with the cries of "A has Guizot !" " A has les Anglais !" and A bas Palmerston !" raised by " the students." "I cannot, however," writes the correspondent just quoted, " take leave of this part of my subject withot bearing testimony to the good sense and good feeling evinced by the population, who, I am sure I may safely say, from Courbevoie to the Hotel des Invalides, in no single instance, responded to those cries of " the students." This conduct is the more creditable to the city of Paris, as no fewer than half a million of its inhabitants were eye witnesses of the scene, and ear witnesses of the shouts uttered by this handful of young madmen."

The decorations in the interior of the Hotel des Invalides had been hastily arranged, and were very incomplete. "In fact," says the correspondent of the Times, a Frenchman near me expressed himself nearly in the same sentiments, by saying, " Ah ! bah ! On aurait siffie ea a Popera." Nevertheless, the effect, taken as a whole, and as a piece of scenic effect, was fine. The great altar, which generally separates the long line of nave from the dome had been removed, and from the entrance to the other extremity of the dome the view was an uninterrupted one. The space under the dome, arranged as a chapelle ardente, was filled with a blaze of light from the thousands and ten thousands of wax lights that hung in lustres, or lined the walls, until the extremity of this part of the chapel looked one great wall of fire. In the midst was erected the catafalque, upon which the coffin was to be placed, and stands hung with black drapery rose tier above tier for the reception of all the different corps de l'etat, the members of the two Chambers, and the royal family. Along the nave, the archways, both below and above, had been filled with tribunes for spectators, and were decorated with black velvet draperies, studded with the different Napoleonic emblems. The real sight worth seeing, after all, the only imposing

sight in fact, was the crowd in mourning dresses that filled the chapel, first along the archways in the nave, then in the tribunes of the dome, as they became crowded with the representatives of the different bodies of the state, the ministers, and staff, the marshals, and superior officers of the army, and seemingly all that France still contained of brilliant in uniform or costume ; and then the long vista of the nave as it became lined with the different deputations of the courts of justice, of the thousand and one departments of the French state mechanism, and at a later period with the officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers, and sailors, who had formed a part of the procession. "It was near two o'clock when the archbishop of Paris, attended by other bishops, and a magnificent train of clergy, started to meet the coffin, and perform the rites of absolution at the entrance of the church. After a delay of impatient but silent expectation, the funeral procession entered, headed by the train of priests. Before the coffin walked the Prince de Joinville, who had accompanied the body to its final destination. I had beard the king announced ; a loud voice called out "Le Roi I" but I did not see his Majesty pass in the funeral train ; and I presume, that after performing the reception of the body at the entrance, he found his way to his appointed seat during the mass by a another passage. As the coffin advanced, borne upon the shoulders of the thirty-two non-commissioned officers appointed for that purpose, accompanied at each end by General Bertrand and the marshals, who occupied each corner, covered with the funeral pall, with the imperial crown reposing above, there was an evident thrill, an evident electric emotion, which pervaded the crowd that lined its passage. The old Invalides, who occupied the first rank, were deeply moved, as he whom they had for the most part obeyed with such fervour and enthusiasm in life, was borne along in death." The mass then began. Mozart's Requiem was admirably performed ;

but the occasion was one when an original mass should have been composed to mark the event. The voices of Lablache, Tamburini, Duprez, Marie, Grisi, Persiani, Dorus Gras, Stolz, Barcellet (the new baritone, who has already made himself such a celebrity at the Opera), and other celebrated singers, made the music tell magnifi cently. At the conclusion of the mass, the sacred water was sprink

led upon the catafalque by the archbishop, and then handed to some of the marshals and older officers near, to go through the same rite, Louis Philippe set the example on this occasion. It was long before tfie chapel was in any degree cleared. The crowd lingered still behind, and turned again and again to look at the coup d'ceil of the burning wax-light, the chapelle ardente, the illuminated catafalque, and the long vista 6f funeral pomp.

THE FRENCH CHAMBERS.

The President of the Council presented to the Chamber of Deputies on Saturday the project of law for the fortifications of Paris, the whole cost of which was estimated at 140,000,000f.

M. HUMANN, the Minister of Finance, demanded on the same supplementary credits for 1841 to the amount of 200,000,000f., viz., 175,000,000f. for the land and sea forces, 26,000,000f. for the army of

Africa, and 31,000,000f. for the fortification of the frontier strong places, The Chamber had previously met in its standing committees, to examine the demand of extraordinary credits lately made by the Cabinet, and the result of their deliberation appears to have been favourable to the grant of the supplies necessary for the continuation of the armament.

Some expressions that dropped, in the same day's sitting, from Marshal SOULT, have led many to believe that the absurd plan of fortifying Paris will be abandoned, or at least greatly modified. He said that he continued to be convinced—as in 1 833, when the question was first agitated—that a line of detached forts, and not an enceinte contintde, was that which ought to be undertaken for the defence of Paris. He would, however, leave the question with the Chamber ; and the Chamber will, in dealing with it, no doubt keep in view that

it will cost at least 1,200,000,000f. (48,000,0001. sterling !) of which the Marshal concluded by demanding, as already stated, 140,000,000f. on account. His demand was instantly referred to the committees.

In the 9th bureau of which M. Thiers is a member, this question came on immediately afterwards for discussion. M. THIERS, in a long speech, defended the project of the enceinte continue, and de

clared that no Frenchman who had the good of his country at heart could refuse to adopt it. He lamented, on that very account, that his continuance in office hadbeen so brief; for instead of 150,000,000f., which " only" he had been able to expend, he would have laid out 600,000,000f. on those works.

SPAIN.

The long-agitated question of the navigation'of the Douro is un. derstood to be the object of serious communications at the present moment between the Spanish and Portuguese governments. The Spanish government insists upon the execution of the treaty, from the obligations of which the Portuguese are anxious to release themselves.

The following statement of the question at issue is taken from the Madrid Gazette of the 7th inst. :— " A treaty for the free and common navigation of the Douro by both countries, having been signed and ratified on the 31st of August, 1835, tt committee was next appointed at Oporto, for the purpose of drawing up and agreeing in a series of regulations for the navigation of the river. These regulations having been signed by the committee, they were approved by her Majesty at the beginning of the year 1836. Portugal, on the other hand, refused to approve the regulations, alleging that several of the

clauses were injurious to her commerce, and demanding that it should be inserted that all articles of foreign commerce, going up the river, and. intended for Spain, should pay the duties in the Portuguese custom-houses. Notwithstanding the injustice and absurdity of the demand, it was agreed to by Spain, with the hope that the rest of the regulations would be sanctioned. But, far from approving them, they next demanded that Spanish wine, intended for foreign exportation, should be subject, on passing clown the river, to a duty of 300 reds the pipe, that is, to a sum double, and sometimes three times the value of the wine itself. Still' wishingto see the treaty and regulations in execution, the Spanish government not only consented to this proposal, extravagant as it was, but also allowed the proposal to be extended to brandies and liqueurs, although, by the 8th article of the treaty, an absolute freedom of duty upon goods exported from Spain was established. Portugal next demanded the free introduction of Portuguese salt, tobacco, and other colonial productions into Spain ; in short, a thousand matters which had no connection whatever with the treaty. It was then objected that the regulations agreed to at Oporto contained many things contrary to the laws of the country : anditwo commissioners were in consequence named to revise and purge the regulations of the objectionable clauses. Portugal next added, that it was indispensable that the subject should be submitted to the Cortes, for their approbation. The Spanish government replied, that it would be preferable, sooner than suffer the delay which such a course would produce, to name another commission to expunge from the regulatiohs every thing thatwas not actually necessary. A new revising commission was in consequence, appointed in Lisbon, which performed its task to the satisfaction of the Portuguese government ; but the latter,without recollecting their former promises, now presented the revised and modified regulations to the Chambers. One of the Chambers of Deputies began its labours by diseussing the treaty itself,—that is, a solemn law and agreement,—and, next, the clauses of the new regulations. With such slowness and interruptions was the discussion conducted, that it now became obvious that the object was to gain time and to permit the Chamber to close before the discussion would be concluded. This is what has actually just taken place, and we see the Portuguese journals, of all shades and colours, not only opposing the regulations, but calling in question the treaty itself. In such a predicament, what are the ministers of Spain to do to vindicate the national honour and interests, thus obviously trampled upon ? We do not pretend to know ; but we cannot do less than invite the whole periodical press to join in the discussion of this question, and to urge the Regency, if this be necessary, to use all the means in its power to effectuate the conditions and clauses of the treaty and regulations of Oporto."

The asperity of this and other articles in the official journal, drew forth an energetic protest from Marshal Saldanha now at Madrid on a special mission from the Portuguese government. The marshal, it appears, went so far, after consulting with the British minister, as to declare that he would demand his passports, if the official organ continued its attacks against the Portuguese government.

Madrid letters of the 9th inst. state that the Duke de la Victoria had nearly recovered from his late severe indisposition, hut had not yet been able to leave his apartments.

The Madrid press is excessively violent, and cases of personal assault, and of menaces equally objectionable, have occurred in consequence of editorial licence. The Trueno, an Absolutist paper, got

up purposely as a medium of attack against the government, had to be suspended, in consequence of some officers, unnecessarily offended at its objects, having visited the office where it was published, and threatened the writers with something more convincing than arguments and logic. A similar visit was paid to the publishing office of the Huracan, a journal as extravagant in a liberal as the other is in an opposite sense. The former journal resumed on the 5th.

The Madrid Gazette, of the 7th inst., states, that the political chief of the province has adopted measures to prevent the renewal of similar attempts, and to prevent any unpleasant consequences from those which had been committed.

GERMANY.

The last accounts from Hamburg state that the navigation of the Elbe was completely interrupted by the quantity of ice in the river.

Prussia, it appears, is not altogether satisfied with the financial results of the commercial league. Hitherto the different states have divided the revenue arising from the import duties, according to the amount of population in each. Prussia complains of the principle as unjust, the largest cities of Northern Germany, and consequently the greatest consumers, being within the Prussian monarchy. The Prussian government has ordered that, in all future statistical tables, there shall be separate columns to state the number of mixed marriages, or marriages between Catholics and Protestants.

A correspondent of the Franconian Courier says that the Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt lately sent the cross of a Commander of the order of Civil Merit to the Bishop of Mentz, but that, on the very day after receiving it, the venerable prelate returned the insignia to the minister of state through whose medium he had received them. The motives which induced the prelate to decline the honour had not been made public, but the general impression was, that he had been simply actuated by the same spirit of humility which led the apostles of the primitive church to renounce all worldly honours.

HOLLAND.

On the day of his solemn inauguration (28th ult.), the King of the Netherlands, desirous of manifesting his wish to guarantee to all his subjects the religious liberty promised to them by the constitution, decreed on the report of the Director-General for Catholic Affairs 1. That the religious congregation of the Father Redemptionists, at Wittern, in the province of Limburg, be legally recognised, on condition that the missions be performed only within the walls of the church, and not on the public highway. 2.

Ten associations of religious orders, having houses in North Brabant, are authorised anew to receive novices, according to their several statutes, without prejudice to the authority of their bishop.

According to the measures decreed by the late King (now in Berlin), these houses were not authorised to receive new members, and would .therefore in a short time have ceased to exist, by the successive demise of their inmates.

RUSSIA.

A circular was issued at Amsterdam, on the 5th inst., announcing that the Russian government, to fill up a deficiency in the reserve fund of the Imperial treasury, has thought fit to open a loan of 25,000,000 of silver roubles, at 4 per.cent. interest. For this loan, subscriptions are to be opened of 500 silver roubles each, divided into 1,000 series of 50 inscriptions each. These inscriptions shall bear 4 per cent. interest, to be reckoned from the 1st of August, 1840. The interest will be paid at St. Petersburg each half-year, from the 1st to the 15th of February, and from the 1st to the 15th of August.

TURKEY.

The Chronicle of Tuesday contained the startling information, that the Turkish government is determined to insist upon the deposition of Mehemet All from the government of Egyyt. Should the Porte persevere in this resolution, fresh difficulties may arise to delay the settlement of affairs in the Levant.

On the other hand, we find the following as part of a leader in the Times of yesterday :

" Our Constantinople letters are dated the 28th ult. The negocia

tions between the ambassadors of the great powers and the Divan had been of late extremely active, in consequence of the letter addressed by Lord Palmerston to Lord Ponsonby, directing the latter to use his exertions to prevail upon the Sultan to revoke the dechiance of Mehemet Ali. The Divan had acceded to this invitation, and was actually preparing the act of revocation. Mehemet Izzet, the lately

appointed Pacha of Egypt, had been sacrificed, and it was thought that the Seraskier Mustapha and Redschid Pacha himself would he superseded in their posts. The Roumeli Valessi, Ahmed Zekeria. Pacha,

had been named governor of St. Jean d'itere and general-in chief of the Turkish army, in the room of Izzet, who was to obtain the government of Adrianople. On the 21st, the Talbot, British frigate, arrived from St. Jean d'Acre, with about 30 Egyptian prisoners on board. Among them were several young officers, whom the Sultan confirmed in the ranks they held in the army of Mehemet Ali. The ambassador of France still continued to reside in the country ; and it was inferred from his not removing into town, that he expected shortly to be recalled. Lady Londonderry was to be presented to the Sultan in a few days."

We quote the following from the Constantinople correspondence of the Journal de Smyrne, under date of the 28th ult.:

" Admiral Walker was received by the Sultan in the evening of the 19th in private audience. The brave sailor was greeted with all the grand seignor's accustomed affability, and received every expression of the sovereign's satisfaction at his conduct throughout the recent proceedings in Syria. On leaving his presence the Sultan invested him with the insignia of vice-admiral, as a reward for his eminent services. The Sultan has ordered that all the Egyptian prisoners at Constantinople shall be divested of their national dress, or rather their rags, and be new clothed from head to foot. They have been distributed in the different barracks, leaving to each man to choose that which he preferred. The first time they received tneir rations of bread, they prostrated themselves on the earth and returned thanks to the Prophet, covering their portions with many kisses. These unfortunate creatures, though born on the fertile banks of the Nile, had never in their lives been allowed to taste a morsel of such bread. From this fact, which will be testified by the whole population of Constantinople, every one may judge of the condition of the people of Egypt under the domination of Mehemet Ali. A new journal, in the Armenian language, is announced to appear after the feast of Beiram."

The Eastern Observer's Constantinople intelligence, 28th ult., gives us the subjoined information :

" The Sultan has directed a splendid brilliant necklace, composed entirely of diamonds of the first water, to be immediately prepared as a present to her Majesty Queen Victoria. It is intended to be a token of his esteem for our beloved sovereign, who has been his highness's best friend in the hour of need.

" The Egyptian frigate which late arrived here full of prisoners, was,

on the passage from Syria, the scene of dreadful distress. She had 1,400 Egyptians on board, besides a Turkish crew, and the captain hit upon a most inhuman manner of getting money. He sold the water, and such of the unhappy wretches as had not money to buy it were left to die of thirst. Out of the number, upwards of 400 thus perished. There ought to have been no want of water, as at no period of the voyage was the ship over twelve hours' sail from a port, where it could have been procured in

abundance, if wanted. A small barrel was sold for about 3/., and this to men who were 22 months' in arrears of pay, and could not be otherwise than in extreme destitution. The Minister of Commerce, his Excellency Ahmed Fethi Pacha, has decided that the public sale of the privilege for fishing leeches in the various lakes of the Ottoman empire, shall commence on the 1st of January next. The lakes of each district will be sold separately, as last season, and the purchasers will have permission to fish for leeches in them during one year, from the 13th of March,1841, to the 12th of March, 1842, inclusive. Persons understanding the business, who have gone into those operations, have realised large sums."

EGYPT.

The following is the letter inwhich Commodore Sir Charles Napier summoned the minister of Mehemet Ali to submit :—

" TO HIS EXCELLENCY BOCHOS YOUSSOUTP BEY.

" On board her Majesty's ship Powerful, " Alexandria, Nov. 53, 1840. " The present letter will be delivered to you by Captain Maunsel, who is an old acquaintance of Ins' highness, Mehemet Ali. I have charged him to beg his highness to send back all the Emirs and Sheiks of Lebanon, who were sent to Alexandria in the month of July, by order of the authorities of Syria. The chief part of these unhappy persons were taken upon the niece suspicion that they had expressed discontent, and that only from the instigation of the lateEmir Beschir whose government was anything but just and moderate, and who ended by deiachinF himself from the cause of Mehemet Ali. " The further detention of these unfortunate individuals can have no favourable effect at present. Lebanon is now entirely free, completely sensed, and whatever may occur in other parts of Syria, will never again become dependent up on the government of Mehemet Ali.

" Mehemet Ali, no doubt, is aware of the wish of the allies to assure him the hereditary government of Egypt ; and if his highness will permit an old seaman to suggest to him a simple means for reconciling himself with the Sultan and the allies, he would beg him to give up immediately, and without any conditions, the Ottoman fleet, and to withdraw his troops from Syria. The evils of war would then cease, his highness would have ample and satisfactory occupation in his latter years, in cultivating the arts of peace, and in settling probably, upon new foundations, the throne of the Ptolemies. From what has happened in Syria, his highness will have seen what may be done in the country with the government of which the inhabitants are discontented. In a month's time six thousand Turks, and a handful of marines, have taken Saida and Bcyrout, defeated the Egyptian army' in three different actions; have taken 10,000 prisoners and deserters, have caused all the seaports to be evacuated, all the passes of the Taurus, and the mountains of Lebanon ; and all this against an army of 30,000 men. Three weeks afterwards, Acre fell into the hands of the allied fleet after a three hours' bombardment. If his highness wishes to continue hostilities, he will permit me to ask him whether he is sure in Egypt? I am a great admirer of his

highness, and would rather be his friend than his enemy. In the former case, let me point out to his highness for how short a time he can hope to preserve Egypt, in refusing a reconciliation with the Sultan. Experience has shown that the Egyptian army in Syria is extremely discontented,—that the whole inhabitants of Syria are in arms against it,—that if Ibrahim Pacha is attacked by a superior Turkish force, and one which may be augmented still further, he will be obliged to lay down his arms. Let his highness throw a glance over Egypt ; all the inhabitants and sailors are discontented, the vice-admiral and several officers have abandoned him. and are at present on board the (English) squadron. The Syrian soldiers at present in Egypt desire to return into their own country. The pay of the Egyptian soldiers is in arrear, and they mourn at not being eble provide their families with bread. From 12,000 to 15,000 Egyptian soldiers, who are at present at Constantinople, are daily fed, paid, and clothed, under the eyes of the Sultan. Let his highness reflect upon the dangers which environ him ; and if these soldiers are brought into Egypt With a promise that they should be disbanded after his highness's defeat, who shall say that Egypt is invulnerable ? Alexandria may be taken as Acre has been ; and his highness, who may at the present moment be the founder of a new dynasty, may become a simple Pacha.—I have the honour to be, &c., " CHARLES NAPIER, Commodore. " His Excellency BOGIIOS BEY." On the same day, Boghos Bey wrote his reply to the foregoing letter. The reply, courteous to the Commodore, though expressive of the most entire contempt for the fugitive admiral, contains the customary terms of deference to the Porte, but makes no approximation to the only arrangement that could lead to a cessation of hostilities. " It has never," writes Boghos Bey, " been the intention of his highness to retain the fleet of his Sovereign ; hehas never ceased to express himself in this sense t even on the slay that circumstances brought the squadron of the Grand Signor to Alexandria. Furthermore, when Semi Bey was sent on a mission to the Sublime Porte, he offered, in the name of his highness, the restitution of the fleet, which was on the point of setting sail to return to Constantinople, when the hostilities commencing in Syria occurred, adjourning tue execution of the orders of the Viceroy. In respect to the evacuation of Syria, his highness had believcrkit to be his right to wait for fresh orders from the Sublime Porte, You know, Commodore, how the demand of the Viceroy was answered, who, from that time, thought it expedient to have recourse to the officious mediation of France ; thus manifesting Ms intention to enter into conciliatory ways, and his desire to see an end ,put to a state of things which his highness is conscious not to have provoked. ' This drevelrom the Commodore another letter, urging the immediate compliance of the Viceroy with the terms proposed, and concluding with these words I desire greatly to avoid all effusion of blood. War and disease have already done enough mischief; wherefore, if his highness will give orders that Syria be immediately evacuated, by sending transports to receive the troops, and consent to let the fleet get ready for sailing, I will not insist upon its departure for Constantinople, until the Pacha be guaranteed in the hereditary government of Egypt. On these conditions I shall consent to suspend hostilities."

Boghos Bey endeavoured still to avoid coming to the points at issue,—the evacuation of Syria, end the restoration of the fleet,— but Sir Charles Napier pointed out again the impossibility of a suspension of hostilities unless those terms were complied with. Accordingly,Bozhos Bey wrote on the 26th, to express his readiness to submit to the proposed conditions.

" His highness," he says, " consents to re-arm the fleet of the Sublime Porte, to victual it—in one word, to put it in condition to sail at the earliest moment for Constantinople, with the express condition, which you, Commodore, have yourself pressed, that the squadron shall remain in our port until the official notifications of the powers which insure to his highness the hereditary government of Egypt shall arrive. According to the formal demand which you have made to the Viceroy, his highness will send to Beyrout at the earliest opportunity an officer of his palace, already named a part of the consmission, with the necessary orders for the evacuation of Syria by Ibrahim

Pacha, his son, and all his army." • •

The correspondence, of which we have here given an abstract, terminated in the conclusion of the following convention :— CONVF.VTION BETWEEN COMMODORE NAPIER AND BOGHOS YOUSSOUF BEY, SIGNED AT ALEXANDRIA NOV. 27.

Art. 1. Commodore Napier, in his above-named quality, having communicated to his Highness Mehemet Ali that the allied powers had recommended the Sublime Porte to reinstate him in the hereditary government of Egypt, and his highness seeing in this communication a favourable circumstance to put an end to the calamities o: war, Isis highness engages himself to order his son lbrahiin Pacha to proceed to the immediate evacuation of Syria ; his highness engages himself, besides, to restore the Ottoman fleet, as soon as he shall have received the official notification that the Sublime Porte grants to him the hereditary government of Egypt, which concession is and remains guaranteed by the powers. Art. 2. Commodore Napier will place at the disposition of the Egyptian government a steamer to conduct to Syria the officer designated by his highness to bear to the Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian army the order to evacuate Syria. The Commander-in-Chief of the Britannic force, Sir Robert Stop_ ford, will, on his side, name an officer to watch the execution of this measure. Art. 9. In consideration of what precedes, Commodore Napier engages himself to suspend, on the part of the Britannic forces, hostilities against Alexandria, or any other part of the Egyptian country. He will authorise, at the same time, the free navigation of the vessels destined for the transport of the wounded, of the sick, or of every other portion of the Egyptian army which the government of Egypt might desire to have return to this country by sea. Art. 4. It is well understood that the Egyptian army shall have the facility to retire from Syria with its artillery, arms, horses, munitions, baggage, and especially with all that constitutes the materiel of the army.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

By the Britannia steamer, which arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday, we have received American papers to the 30th ult., and advices from Halifax to the 3d inst.

These papers contain news from Mexico and Peru a little later than we were previously in possession of. The Mexican congress was in session, and seemed to entertain the notion of Mexico being able to reconquer Texas. A law had been passed to authorise a loan of 2,000,000 dollars to be expended in creating a marine, and other necessaries for prosecuting the war against Texas. General Gamarra had been re-elected President of Peru.

No immediate apprehension, we are assured, is enterlained among those connected with Texas, of a war between that republic and Mexico. The speech of the Texian president is now published, in which he says, that in consequence of its having been confidently asserted in the papers of the United States, and as confidently believed there, that the Mexican government had made a contract in Europe for several vessels of war, and actually made a contract for the purchase of a steam-vessel of war, with the view of making a descent upon Texas, he had considered it his duty to keep the navy at sea, but was constrained by a sense of justice from making captures of Mexican property while their accredited agent was engaged in Mexico negodating for peace with that government. People were beginning to speculate already upon the character of General Harrison's administration, though he was not to enter upon office before the 4th of March next, and though the next session of congress was not to commence till next December. "In the home affairs of the country," says the correspondent of the Times, "there must, and will be, an essential change. Twelve years have the present administration reigned. They came into power with ample means provided for the payment of the remnant of the national debt, with an overflowing treasury after it was paid, and with a currency not surpassed by any in the world. They leave office with an exhausted treasury, with a debt of 15,000,000 or 20,000,000 dollars, accumulated in time of peace, with an unsound currency, and deranged domestic exchanges. These evils are to be corrected. How is it to be done ? There must be a diminution of expenditure, and an increase of taxation, directly or indirectly. In short, there must be a complete revolution in the fiscal concerns of the nation."

In Canada the approaching elections engaged general attention.

The reports of the state of trade contained in the New York journals do not present any feature of interest. Little was doing, but all agree in the expectation of a flourishing business in the spring. Money is represented as being easy in the market. Stocks were steady. The shares in the Bank of the United States were quoted at 651 in New York, and at 671 in Philadelphia. The exchange on England stood at 104 to 108i, with but little doing, parties holding back for the British Queen, which was to sail on the 1st inst. for London. On Paris, the rate was 5f. 17c. to 5f., and on Amsterdam, 20.

Mr. Prime, formerly of the house of Prime, Ward, and Co., had Committed suicide. He had been in Wall-street on the day the melancholy event occurred, and, it is said, had transacted business with his usual cheerfulness. Theteath of Mr. Prime had caused a great sensation in the New York money and mercantile circles. The various steam ships engaged in the trade between this country and America had arrived in safety.

The British Queen, which sailed from Portsmouth on the morning of the 2d of November, arrived at New York on the 21st, after a passage of nearly 19 days. The Great Western, which sailed from Bristol on the 7th of November, reached the same port on the 25th, having been as long on the passage as the British Queen had been. The Caledonia left Liverpool on the evening of the 4th of November, and arrived at Halifax on the 16th, in 12 days. She then proceeded on to Boston, which she reached on the 19th, after a passage of 15 days from Liverpool.

Mr. and Mrs. Wood, the vocalists, will return to England sooner than they intended. Braham has been doing wonders at Boston. Booth and Forrest are the rival Richelieu-s. Power was playing to crowded houses at Burton's theatre in New York, at the last dates, and the Elssler was projecting a Terpsichorean tour to the south for the winter.

A shocking event occurred lately at the University of Charlottesville, Virginia. While Professor Davis, a most estimable man' was remonstrating with one of the students, and reaching forth his hand to raise a mask which the student had on, the latter drew a pistol and shot the professor through the heart. The young murderer is in custody. The Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, who live on an estate of their own in Wilks county, North Carolina, voted two votes the other day at the election. They both voted W,hig.

SOUTH AMERICA.

Advices from Maracaibo to the 20th of October announce a revolution in New Granada ; the provinces of Pamplona, Tunja, Socorro, and Beles, having separated from the republic and declared themselves independent states. Bogota is said to be in a very disturbed condition.

INDIA.

The Calcutta Courier says that Lord Auckland has resigned the governor-generalship of India, and that his resignation has been accepted by the Court of Directors.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

The Cape Town papers, which reach to the 9th of October, are much occupied with the insecurity of the frontier. The British settlers have addressed the following memorial on the subject to the lieutenant-governor : " To his Honour Colonel John Hare, C.B., Am., the Memorial of the undersigned inhabitants of

the neighbourhood of the Mancazana and Konap rivers, respectfully showeth,— " That the memorialists have been long labouring under the numerous disadvantages arising from the difficulty of fulfilling the conditions imposed upon titem by the present treaties, and from the want of any efficient protection to their lives and property from the incessant and daring attacks of the native tribes residing beyond the boundaries. " They more especially complain of that article of the treaty which requires them to trace the spoor of stolen cattle to the boundary before they can demand compensation for their loss. This they beg to represent to be in many cases impossible. The Kafirs generally commence their depredations previous to rain, or when the gears is sufficiently keg and dry to burn freely : a heavy fall of the former, or the conflagration of the latter, will equally obliterate the spoor and render pursuit unavailing. " They would further represent that, even when most successful in the pursuit, the farmer does not obtain any adequate compensation for his loss ; the extent of which is not to be estimated merely by the number of cattle of which he has been plundered. The interruption given by his absence to the agricultural operations of his fermis often of as much consequence as the value of the stolen cattle.

" Your memorialists wish also to draw the attention of your honour to the fact that the incursions of the native tribes have of late been attended with circumstances calculated to cause most serious difficulties to the farmer, and which imperatively call for the immediate consideration of the government. Instead of contenting themselves, as formerly, with carrying off such cattle as, being left insufficiently guarded, or allowed to run at night, lay more obviously exposed to their predatory attempts, their depredations have of late been conducted with a 'degree of daring violence unexampled in the previous history of the colony. Cattle under the care of armed herdsmen have, in repeated instances, been successfully attacked ; and such of the latter as have had courage to defend their charge have, in many instances, been murdered ; or, where their lives were spared, have been taken prisoners, and carried to 'such a distance as to prevent their giving any timely notice of the loss to their employers. These well-known facts have had such an effect on the minds of our native servants, that it is with extreme difficulty we can prevail upon them, even when well armed, to conduct their charge out of sight of the house : in fact, many farmersin this neighbourhood have been obliged to act as their own herdsmen, not being able, from the peculiarly dangerous position of their farms, to procure any one sufficiently venturous to act for them in that capacity. Under these circumstances, many of them, though possessed of ample farms, find themselves under the necessity of confining their flocks and herds to a small extent of ground in the immediate vicinity of their farmhouses. Even there, however, they enjoy but a comparative security ; for some instans tv deli have lately occurred show tliat even the closest proximity to the 1 MIa is not a sufficient protection : the Kafirs confiding in the many expedients they well know how to employ to obliterate their traces and baffle pursuit, have been known forcibly to seize cattle in charge of an armed herdsman, not three hundred yards from the house ; and though vigorously pursued, they have succeeded in escaping with them across the boundary. "Your memorialists are of opinion that a system of frontier policy which allows such daring violations of the treaties by the Katirs to go unpunished cannot be mult longer endured by the inhabitants ; and if some active measures are not promptly adopted for the better security of this frontier, the English inhabitants will be compelled to follow the example of their Dutch neighbours, and, like them, seek in some remote district a home where they may at least have it in their power to protect themselves.

"And your memorialists, as in duty bound, will ever pray."

(Signed by one hundred and seventeen inhabitants.)

BRITISH GUIANA.

Guiana papers to the 20th of October have been received this week.

The want of labourers continues to be the most prominent topic of complaint.

The Royal Gazette contains a paper on "The Condition of the Peasantry in British Guiana," otwhich the following are extracts :—

" Some year or better since, we gave a description of a grand fancy ball which took place on plantation Vreed-en-Hoop, and which was got up by the labourers on that and the neighbouring plantations, as illustrative of the contentment and plenty enjoyed by our peasantry. Since that time, there have been three balls of the same description, and not less splendid, in town ; one of which, it will be remembered, we noticed a few evenings ago. The aggregate amount of the expenses of these four entertainments was something above 1,2001., all subscribed by a small portion of the field-labourers, house-servants, grooms, &c. in Georgetown and its neighbonrhood. Let a man attend public worship on the Sabbath in any of the churches in either town or country, and the industrious labourer and his wife are the best-dressed couple he will see in the house.

" Our peasantry are fast obtaining a taste for fine clothes ; the honest and diligent of them have plenty of money to buy these' and they do not spare the expense. Would to God that Lord John Russell saw a newly-made bride and her husband on the first day of their appearance at church after marriage ; what would his lordship think of all he has heard of the cheating, cruelty, and oppression practised upon the peasantry here, when he should see an agricultural labourer's wife with a ring on her finger at two joes (31.) price ; clad in a silk dress which cost 16 dollars (3/. 125.) ; a bonnet on her head for which was paid 10 dollars (2/. 5s.) ; satin shoes and silk stockings, which, together, amounts to 7 dollars (2/. 12s. andupwards); in some cases, with a gold chain about her neck ; and perhaps driven to church by her husband in his own gig ? We repeat it, what could his lordship say, when he should witness such a scene among our labouring people ? and, were he here, we could show not a solitary instance, but hundreds of instances of these." The Gazette contrasts the mode of living among the Guiana peasantry, their " clothing of the finest materials, made in the most

fashionable and tasty manner," their substantial furniture, with " mahogany sideboards, bedsteads, and tables, and other things in character," with the wretched condition of the peasantry at home. It then proceeds

" We have mentioned the probability of this new-married woman having been driven to church in her husband's gig. Let those who doubt this read the following note and its address :—

" ' Dear Sir,—The wheel, the splash-board, the steps, I feel a great deal of fault of ; try and alter it, and let me have it by Saturday, and I shall send the money the same time. Send the harness and the whip for me too with the gig. I have heard your character to be a gentleman, and I trust you may always keep so.—I am, my dear

sir, yours truly, DIJNDAS S. OLIVER. " Plantation Nonpareil, 18th October 1840. " ' Parnell. Esq., Georgetown.'

" Now, does any one ask who is this Dundas S. Oliver ?---We answer, he is a labourer on Plantation Nonpareil. The letter quoted

was written by himself. It contains a request to have his gig re paired by Saturday first, a promise to pay the money as soon as he sends for it, and a compliment to the character of Mr. Parnell, coach manufacturer. Now, only think of a labouring man in Demerary

having a gig of his own I Why we might challenge the whole labourbig population of the British isles, which are upwards of 20,000,000,

to produce a similar instance. A Coolie labourer in the East Indies,

at the rate of wages that he is at present paid for his work, would not be able to purchase a horse and gig, a silk gown for his wife, at 16 dollars, a bonnet at 8 to 10 dollars, &c., if he were to live and toil for the space of nine hundred and sixty and nine years, which is the longest life on record of any human being. But why need we detail

the domestic comforts of the British Guiana labourers as a proof of their superior condition. Is it not a notorious fact, that they are daily purchasing lots of land, and building houses of their own on them;

buyingestates, and stocking them with cattle, and some turning merchants ? Is it possible that labourers who are mulct of their wages, who are kept down and oppressed by their employers, and whose spirits are depressed and broken, could accomplish such things as we have mentioned ?

" No pains are taken to make extensively known the blessings, temporal and spiritual, enjoyed by our peasantry, although this would, more than any other means, tend to promote emigration hither."

FOREIGN MISCELLANEA.

The Commerce, in referring to the departure of the Queen Down. ger of Spain from Paris, upon her journey to Italy, on Wednesday, the 9th inst., observes, that " Her Majesty will lirst pay a visit to her sister, the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, and then go on to Rome to have an interview with the Pope, the Queen Dowager of Naples, her mother, and the Queen Dowager of Sardinia, her aunt. The reason assigned for her renunciation of her project of visiting Naples is her desire to avoid the Infante Don Sebastian, who has married the younger sister of her Majesty. The evening previous to the Queen's departure, the Prince and Princess of Capua, who, during her sojourn in Paris, hadibeen daily visitors or guests of her Majesty, paid her a long farewell visit."

The Frankfort Gazette of the llth contains a letter from Leghorn of the 2d, announcing that Great Britain had concluded with the Ottomark Porte a treaty for the transmission of the India mail across Syria. The Porte had undertaken to afford every facility for the safe conveyance of the correspondence.

A French steam-boat company is about to establish a new line between Marseilles and Cadiz, the boats to call in at the principal Spanish ports along the Mediterranean coast.

The Hanover Gazette of the 11th inst. announces, that the King of Hanover has concluded a treaty of commerce and navigation with the United States of America.

According to an official return, the population of Madrid amounted in 1840 to 166,595 souls.

The Gazette des Tribunaux publishes the trial of the editor of the Charirari for a libel on M. Emile de Girardin. The counsel on the part of the editor submitted that the plaintiff's complaint was inadmissible, inasmuch as he had not summoned the defendant to appear in his (the plaintiff's) proper name, which counsel asserted was not Emile de Girardin, but Emile Delamothe ; and in proof of this assertion counsel produced a copy of the certificate obtained at the state register-office, which was drawn up in the

following terms Sunday, June 22, 1806. Registry of the birth of Emile (of the masculine sex), born of a Demoiselle (Miss) Delamothe, milliner, and of a father unknown." " M. Emile de Girardin," continued the defendant's counsel, " was known by the name of Delamothe until the year 1826; that he was sent to nurse in this name, and that he made his first speculations at the Bourse under this name. Counsel relied particularly on this fact, because if this point were established, the articles in the Charivari charged as defamatory would be justified." M. Duval, counsel for M. de Girardin, contended that his client was legally entitled to bear the name of Girardin, by a judgment of the Cour Royale in 1839, and that the Chamber of Deputies, after having examined a distinguished personage, whose name it was unnecessary to repeat in public, decided that he had a right to assume the name of Girardin. After having considered for about a quarter of an hour, the court decided against the objection. Counsel for the defendant then allowed judgment to be given by default. The court sentenced the editor of the Charivari to one year's imprisonment, 2,000 francs fine, and 10,000 francs damages to M. de Girardin.

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