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1B Narrative Lesson - All Lessons

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    NarrativeLesson One

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    What is meant by the term‘narrative’?

    Narrative is the coherence/organisation givento a series of facts. Audience relies on narrative

    to make sense of hat they are being!resented ith. Audiences tend to crave a‘beginning" middle and ending’ andautomatically connect events and make

    inter!retations based on those connections.

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    What’s the di#erence beteenstory and narrative?

    $iske says that “…story is the irreduciblesubstance of a story (e.g. A meets B, somethinghappens, order returns), while narrative is theway the story is related (e.g. Once upon a time

    there was a princess…)

    %n real life it is di&cult to construct meaning out ofeveryday occurrences ' there is no real structure tos!eak of. (oever" in media te)ts there is a real

    sense of organisation. Audience have e)!ectations ofform and can rely on other te)ts to hel! themunderstand ho a ne te)t might be constructed*e.g. atching a ne +om ,om-

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    Aristotle’s vie on narrative

    the most im!ortant is the !lot" the orderingof the incidents0 for tragedy is a re!resentation"not of men" but of action and life" of ha!!iness

    and unha!!iness 1 and ha!!iness andunha!!iness are bound u! ith action. ...it istheir characters indeed" that make men hatthey are" but it is by reason of their actions thatthey are ha!!y or the reverse.2

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     3askLooking at your media te)ts" create 4odiagrams of the narratives *hat ha!!ens andin hat order-.

    5rotagonistboards !laneand s!eaks

    about visitinghis ife in LA

    Wife seen inher o&ce inLA talking

    about her no

    goodhusband

     3erroristsseen

    !lanning tohi6ack ife’s

    o&cebuilding

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    +oland 7arthes

    7arthes describes te)t as a gala!y of signi"ers, not astructure of signi"eds# it has no beginning# it isreversible… the systems of meaning can ta$e overthis absolutely plural te!t, but their number is never

    closed, based as it is on the in"nity of language8What this means is that 7arthes considers te)t a tangledmess that needs unravelling. When you start to !ick a!arta te)t e come across a variety of di#erent meanings*de!ending on ho you are and hat

    e)!eriences/knoledge you have-. (e referred to this as‘negotiated meaning’. $or e)am!le" someone involved in9/:: may read a ;lm based on that day di#erently tosomeone ho as not involved.

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    +oland 7arthes

    7arthes argued that the ‘audience loo$ forsigns to help them interpret thenarrative…these deeply rooted signs are

    based on the e!pectation the audiencehas due to their prior $nowledge of oldtales or myths’.

    (is theory of audience inter!retation s!eaks of

    ‘signs’ ' a ‘signi"er’ *ob6ect- and the‘signi"ed’ *meaning taken from the ob6ect-.

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    +oland 7arthes ' =nigma ,ode

     3his refers to any element in a story hich!resents a mystery or ‘hook’ for the audience.%t raises >uestions that the audience demand to

    be ansered. Audiences tend to not besatis;ed unless all ‘loose ends’ are tied u!.=)am!le of enigma codes in;lm  3he ;lm o!ens ith three children !laying

    but then ine)!licably standing" alking tothe indo and 6um!ing out. 3his is an

    ‘enigma’ for the audience. We >uestionhy this has ha!!ened and hat madethe do it. 3he ;lm carries on in thisfashion ith the story of the oman inblack sloly emerging.

    (o ould the ‘enigma code’ function

    in your title se>uences and trailers?

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    +oland 7arthes ' Action ,ode

     3his refers to any action that im!lies a furthernarrative action. $or e)am!le" a gunslingerdras his gun and e onder hat the

    resolution of that action ill be *ill he killsomeone? Will he be in6ured? Will someone beounded?-.

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    NarrativeLesson

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     3svetan 3odorov

     3odorov felt that all stories start in a state of e>uilibrium"hich is then disru!ted" setting in motion a chain of events. 3he resolution of the story is the creation of a ne ordi#erent e>uilibrium. (e summed this 6ourney u! in ;ve

    stages:. =BC%L%7+%CD

    . E%

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    =AD5L=< %N D=E%A 3=3<%&A'% &&A*+ -A &- /*'0%

    %1+-

    =BC%L%7+%CD +ose is engaged Mohn is visiting hisestranged ife inLA

    5rince Albertcarries out minorroyal duties ithdi&culty becauseof his stammer

    E%

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     3ask

    ,reate a table like this for your to media!ieces. (o e#ectively does 3odorov’s theorya!!ly to your ork? %f it doesn’t a!!ly ' hy

    not?

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    ,laude Levi1

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    7inary O!!ositions in Dedia 3e)ts

    &&A*+ -A &- /*'0%%1+-

    +ich !oor Jood evil C!!er loer class

    Artistic

    materialistic

    Love hate

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     3ask


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