1Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. Government, Politics, and Public Policy Government -Public...

1Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning

Government, Politics, and Public PolicyGovernment, Politics, and Public Policy

Government -Public institution with authority Government -Public institution with authority to allocate values through public policiesto allocate values through public policies

Public policy- Government action designed Public policy- Government action designed to meet a public need or goals as to meet a public need or goals as determined by elected or authorized officialsdetermined by elected or authorized officials

Politics- Politics- achieving and exercising positions achieving and exercising positions of governance and organized control over a of governance and organized control over a human community through a statehuman community through a state


Political CulturePolitical Culture Political culturePolitical culture

Attitudes, habits, and general behavior patterns that Attitudes, habits, and general behavior patterns that develop over time and affect the political life of develop over time and affect the political life of state and regionstate and region

Moralistic cultureMoralistic culture Influences people to view political participation as Influences people to view political participation as

their duty and to expect the government will be used their duty and to expect the government will be used to advance the public goodto advance the public good

Originated with New England PuritanismOriginated with New England Puritanism


Political CulturePolitical CultureIndividualistic culture Individualistic culture Looks to government to maintain a stable society but with Looks to government to maintain a stable society but with minimum intervention in the lives of the people.minimum intervention in the lives of the people.

Traditionalistic cultureTraditionalistic cultureA product of the Old South; uses A product of the Old South; uses government as a means of preserving the government as a means of preserving the status quo and its leadership.status quo and its leadership.


Texas Political Culture Texas Political Culture Texas individualismTexas individualism

Influenced by the frontier experience and Influenced by the frontier experience and inhabitants that created a sense of rugged inhabitants that created a sense of rugged individualism and limited governmentindividualism and limited government

Texas traditionalismTexas traditionalism Influenced by Old South (Influenced by Old South (““Jim CrowJim Crow”” laws), elitism, laws), elitism,

the patrón system, racism and conservatismthe patrón system, racism and conservatism Changing due to influx of people from other states Changing due to influx of people from other states

and countriesand countries


The Politics of Geography The Politics of Geography populations populations

25 million second largest25 million second largestSizeSize

Texas is the second largest state in the U.S. after Texas is the second largest state in the U.S. after Alaska with more than 267,000 square miles.Alaska with more than 267,000 square miles.

RegionsRegions Geographically, Texas has been divided into four Geographically, Texas has been divided into four

physical regions.physical regions.■ Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and

the Basin and Range Provincethe Basin and Range Province



Economic Geography Economic Geography Cattle Cattle

Origin traced to cattle transported from Spain to Origin traced to cattle transported from Spain to Mexico to Texas, resulted in the Texas longhornMexico to Texas, resulted in the Texas longhorn

Production has declined, but Texas still leads the Production has declined, but Texas still leads the nation.nation.

CottonCotton Backbone of stateBackbone of state’’s economy in the 1900ss economy in the 1900s Texas yields about one-half of the nationTexas yields about one-half of the nation’’s cotton s cotton

supply and 10% of the world’s. supply and 10% of the world’s.


Economic Geography Economic Geography TimberTimber

Bonanza era (mid-1800s-1900s)Bonanza era (mid-1800s-1900s) Effects of clear-cutting, oil exploration, drought and Effects of clear-cutting, oil exploration, drought and

wildfirewildfireOil Oil

Spindletop Field first major wellsSpindletop Field first major wells Railroad Commission of TexasRailroad Commission of Texas Four of the ten largest oil fields are in Texas. Four of the ten largest oil fields are in Texas. Deepwater Horizon explosionDeepwater Horizon explosion


Demographic FeaturesDemographic FeaturesPopulation DistributionPopulation Distribution

Densely populated eastern areas; sparsely Densely populated eastern areas; sparsely populated arid regions in the westpopulated arid regions in the west

Population shifts: rural to urban and cities to Population shifts: rural to urban and cities to suburbssuburbs

UrbanizationUrbanization 1900: 80 percent rural1900: 80 percent rural Today: 85 percent urbanToday: 85 percent urban


Demographic FeaturesDemographic Features Metropolitanization Metropolitanization

Concentration of people in urban centers, become Concentration of people in urban centers, become linked in a single geographic entitylinked in a single geographic entity

Core-based statistical areasCore-based statistical areasMicropolitan statistical areaMicropolitan statistical areaMetropolitan statistical areaMetropolitan statistical areaCombined statistical areaCombined statistical areaMetropolitan divisionMetropolitan division


2010 U.S. Census Bureau Racial Categories2010 U.S. Census Bureau Racial Categories

White/Anglo 45.3Hispanic /Latino 37.6Black/African American 11.5Asian 3.8American Indian or Alaskan Native 0.3Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0.1Other or 2 or more races 1.3


AnglosAnglos All non-Latino whitesAll non-Latino whites Included primarily English ancestryIncluded primarily English ancestry In 2000, more than 52% of the populationIn 2000, more than 52% of the population In 2010, about 45% of the populationIn 2010, about 45% of the population

LatinosLatinos In 1800s, were primarily in the Central and In 1800s, were primarily in the Central and

South Texas regionsSouth Texas regions In 2010, 37% of the populationIn 2010, 37% of the population

Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning 13

African AmericansAfrican Americans Slavery in 16Slavery in 16thth century century In 2010, more than 11% of the population In 2010, more than 11% of the population Gaining in political influenceGaining in political influence


Asian AmericansAsian Americans Population of nearly I millionPopulation of nearly I million Most reside in Houston or Dallas areasMost reside in Houston or Dallas areas

Native AmericansNative Americans In 1900, 50 tribes or In 1900, 50 tribes or

nationsnations


Texas oil and gas production are not Texas oil and gas production are not expected to return to previous levels.expected to return to previous levels.

New industries have developed since the New industries have developed since the 1990s so Texas isn1990s so Texas isn’’t reliant on one industry.t reliant on one industry.

As of 2012, Texas is second behind As of 2012, Texas is second behind California with 52 of the 500 largest California with 52 of the 500 largest corporations.corporations.


EnergyEnergy EnronEnron FrackingFracking Alternative fuel strategiesAlternative fuel strategies

High TechnologyHigh Technology Applies to research, development, Applies to research, development,

manufacturing, and marketing of computers manufacturing, and marketing of computers and other electronicsand other electronics

Higher wages for employeesHigher wages for employees Texas Emerging Technology FundTexas Emerging Technology Fund


Biotechnology Biotechnology Research, development, and production of Research, development, and production of

medicines, chemicals, and other products medicines, chemicals, and other products Investments and research combine both private Investments and research combine both private

and public (educational institutions) fundsand public (educational institutions) funds ServicesServices

One of the fastest growing economic sectors One of the fastest growing economic sectors involving health care, personal services, involving health care, personal services, commercial services, education, banking, real commercial services, education, banking, real estate, and merchandising institutions.estate, and merchandising institutions.

Lower wages than manufacturingLower wages than manufacturing


AgricultureAgriculture Texas ranks 2Texas ranks 2ndnd in agriculture production. in agriculture production. Size of Texas farms and the number of Texas Size of Texas farms and the number of Texas

farmers on decline partly due to labor-saving farmers on decline partly due to labor-saving machinery and chemicals, but also urban sprawlmachinery and chemicals, but also urban sprawl

TradeTrade North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) MaquiladorasMaquiladoras Tensions along the border due to narcotics trade Tensions along the border due to narcotics trade

and increased drug gang violenceand increased drug gang violence19Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning

Immigration: Federal and State ProblemsImmigration: Federal and State ProblemsUndocumented AliensUndocumented Aliens1986 Immigration Control and Reform Act1986 Immigration Control and Reform Act1996 Immigration Control and Financial 1996 Immigration Control and Financial

Responsibility ActResponsibility Act 2002 Enhanced Border Security and Visa 2002 Enhanced Border Security and Visa

Entry Reform ActEntry Reform Act 2006 Secure Fence Act2006 Secure Fence Act


WaterWater Demand for water will increase by 22% by Demand for water will increase by 22% by

20602060 Texas Water Development BoardTexas Water Development Board

Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Texas leads the nation in many kinds of Texas leads the nation in many kinds of

pollution.pollution. Federal EPA enforcement of Clean Air ActFederal EPA enforcement of Clean Air Act Endangered fish and wildlife speciesEndangered fish and wildlife species


Education and Economic Development Education and Economic Development Teacher shortages, students with limited Teacher shortages, students with limited

English, high illiteracy ratesEnglish, high illiteracy rates Race to the Top grant was rejected by Race to the Top grant was rejected by

Governor Rick PerryGovernor Rick Perry Poverty and Social ProblemsPoverty and Social Problems

One out of every five Texas children live in One out of every five Texas children live in poverty.poverty.

One-third of all Texans earn less than the One-third of all Texans earn less than the federal poverty level.federal poverty level.


1.1. Evaluate the meaning of power, politics, and Evaluate the meaning of power, politics, and public policy in the role of government.public policy in the role of government.

2.2. Describe the basic character of political culture Describe the basic character of political culture and identify the two dominant political cultures and identify the two dominant political cultures in Texas. in Texas.

3. Explain how the geography of Texas has 3. Explain how the geography of Texas has fostered the development and growth of four fostered the development and growth of four land-based industries and trace the land-based industries and trace the development of each industry.development of each industry.


4.4. Analyze the impact of the 2011 drought on the Analyze the impact of the 2011 drought on the Texas economy.Texas economy.

5.5. Compare the major racial and ethnic groups in Compare the major racial and ethnic groups in Texas and the opportunities and challenges Texas and the opportunities and challenges presented by their growth rates. presented by their growth rates.

6.6. Identify the major challenges Texas faces in Identify the major challenges Texas faces in more effectively addressing immigration, more effectively addressing immigration, protecting the environment, developing protecting the environment, developing educational programs, and formulating policies educational programs, and formulating policies for combating poverty and social problems.for combating poverty and social problems.


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