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The years that have followed since 1937 have seen aslow and constant growth .of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Its stability has been tested and proved.Its love of the Word has become manifest. Its steadyattention to the privilege of preaching the gospel and"ministering to the saints has been demonstrated.

But there is, in this year 1944, discontent within thechurch. Now discontent can be of two kinds-healthy'or malignant. This discontent is of the second kind .aswell as of the first. '

An American writer has recently pointed out thatsooner or later any organization or entity in human society will be seized upon by persons bent upon exploiting it for purposes other than that for which it wasoriginally intended. One of the great sources of discontent in The Orthodox Presbyterian Church-malignant discontent-is the lack of numerical growth. Thechurch does not increase rapidly. This is true. Thechurch, was not founded for"the purpose of growingrapidly. The Bible givesno.warrant for believing thata church in this day and age should grow rapidly. Butrapid growth is an American enthusiasm; it is a national sport. Other churches--freak churches; specialtychurches, personal churches-grow rapidly. Thereforelet us bend all our energies, say these friends, to makeThe Orthodox. Presbyterian Church grow rapidly. Notonly should it grow rapidly itself, they~liitshOl~Walso grow by joining other organizatioo*t",~Of': ;()I.11t

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Discontent!

EDITORIAL COUNCILJohn P. Clelland John Patton Galbraith Edwin H. Rlan

Leslie W. Sloat Ned B. Stonehouse

Published Twenty-three Times a Year

By the REV. PAUL WOOLLEYProfessor of Church History in Westminster Theological Seminary

.~~ JU!!".~I.ol!44

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EIGHT years have passed-it seems longer-sincethose glorious days in 1936 when The Orthodox

Presbyterian Church was born. It is not difficult torecapture in spirit the great enthusiasms of that Juneday in Philadelphia when the church was first constituted. The fervor was high and it rose ever higher because the church was committing itself to an ideal thathad been tested and proved through centuries-s-theideal of a Biblical church, its divinely ordained principles drawn directly from the Bible and its modes ofoperation in' matters not Biblically prescribed basedupon the experience of the Reformed churches throughthe ages. No fads, no newly evolved novelties, no petideas of leading individuals were to characterize thischurch. It was not to emphasize strange notions whichhad not stood the test of time in relation to the Bible.Its gates were to be as wide as the gates of the newJerusalem and its path as narrow as the way that leadethunto life. Its doctrine and its ethics had no other standard than the Word of God.

It was only a year later that a group, which wantedto narrow the stand of the church and make it moreintolerant than our Lord and His Word, left its fellow-

, ship. It was a sad occasion, and one which neither principle nor history can justify. Perhaps the children willbe wiser than the fathers. So it is to be hoped. ThusGod preserved The Orthodox Presbyterian Church atits very beginning from un-Biblical fanaticism.

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July 2S

WESTMINSTER SEMINARYOPENS SUMMER SESSION

The times are serious. The churchis in a dangerous position. Can weconcentrate. our discontent on thehealthy side, on increasing our enthusiasm and comprehensiveness? Ifnot, I tremble for the usefulness ofthis particular instrument of God'sgrace. But if so,'God's abundant blessing is awaiting us. The Apostle said"For I shrank not from .declaringunto you the whole counsel of God"(Acts 20~27)'

THE opening exercises of the summer session of Westminster Theo

logical Seminary were held on Friday,June 30th, at 2:30 P.M., in the seminary chapel at Laverock, near Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. The nine students beginning their seminary.courseand a few friends were present. Dr.Cornelius Van Til, Professor of Apologetics, presided over the meeting, andthe Rev. John Murray, Professor ofSystematic Theology, delivered a briefaddress.' .

In welcoming the incoming students, Professor Murray expressed thesincere hope that they had found itextremely difficult to come to Westminster at this time, when so manyof their fellows appear to be facingdangers and work so much greaterand immediately practical, However,those who avoid military service inorder to come to Wesbninster now areto be congratulated because theyhavecome under a divine compulsion asgood soldiers of Christ. That soldiery,said Professor Murray, is really thehighest service of all to the United,States, the United Nations, and thewhole world, and it is by far the mostmilitant service that we'can possiblyengage in. There is therefore, said'Professor Murray, an exacting obligationfacing theological students today. Thecourse of study is arduous, and maysometimes be discouraging and bewildering. There are no shortcuts byair travel to the great peaks of theological truth; it is a hard, slow climb.Yet, since the reward is given by God, ,the seminary welcomes these young ,men to that great fellowship of labor.

TABLE OF CONTENTSJuly 25, 1944

Discontent! . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 213Paul Woolley

Doctrinal Complexion of theFederal Council 215

Ned B. Stonehouse

The Practical Duties of Islam 217Robert S. Marsden

Orthodox Presbyterian Church News .. 219

Editorial 221

,Flames Worth Fanning: Part 2 222~eoffrey Williams

Adventure at Four Pines: Part I....... 223Harriet Z. Teal

ought to be the same way with theReformed Faith among the ministersand ruling elders of The OrthodoxPresbyterian Church. The mainte-

. nance and propagation of the Reformed Faith should be their chieflove. I think there is reason for ahealthy discontent here. We have notyet reached this standard, I fear. Letus make the faith the love of ourhearts.

There is also room for real progressin the completeness with which thefaith is preached in our pulpits.Obviously, the degree of well-roundedpresentation that is attained varieswith every pulpit. I have made nostatistical study of the preaching in'Orthodox Presbyterian pulpits. I havesent out no questionnaire. But frommy conversations with them I can saythat there are many people in ourpews, who have no notion of the faithas a system. Has it ever been put together for them? Do they realize theglorious truth that.everything thathappens happens in accordance withthe eternal plan of God? Nothing hasbeen left at loose ends. God is in control. That seems to me- to be one ofthe most needed truths of our day.

Do our people hear, for example,about the mystical union of the believer with Christ, about the internaltestimony of the Holy Spirit to theScriptures, about the meaning of thepresence of Christ in the Lord's supper, about the personal return of ourLord and the events connected therewith? I would not be surprised ifpreaching on these subjects wouldround out the faith for many.

THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIA'N214

The PreUyterlan Gaanllan Is published IOmi.monthly from Septa......r to July, Inclusive. and monthly In August '" The Prnbrter!an Guardian Publishing Cor_flon. 728 Waff Building. 1505 Ha... Stroet. Philadelphia, Pa •• at the following rate•• payable In advance. for either old or new su_ribers In any part of the world. Plstaraprepaid: $2.00 per year; $1.00 for live months: t1veor more copies either to separate sddre.... or in a packap to one addresS, $1.25 eacb per year; Intzoductory rate for DeW8ubacrlbers only, three month. for 200; IDe per .lnds WW. EPtersd ... ISCOIId cIa•• matler March 4, 1937, at the Post 0IIIce at Phlladelphla. P .... under the AJ:t of March 3. 1118.

should it grow by .joining other organizations, it should also grow byswallowing up other organizations.

Now as the writer referred to abovehas indicated, Gresham's law -appliesin spiritual matters as well as in mone-/tary affairs. It is doubtless a result ofthe sinfulness and depravity of manthat this is so. Gresham's law says thatwhen debased money is put into circulation along with good money itwill soon drive the good mOIJey out ofuse. So here. The urge for numbers,for growth, will drive the great, important, spiritual, Biblical principlesout of mind and out of action. TheOrthodox Presbyterian Church existsto perpetuate, maintain and propagatethe principles of the Bible. The Biblecontains no principle which emphasizes large numbers, or rapidity ofgrowth, as a criterion of a true churchor as a major aim for such a church.

When these factors become majoraims of The Orthodox PresbyterianChurch, the church may be assuredthat the really valuable results fromthe church will immediately beginproportionately to decrease.

The question is really a very simpleone. Does The Orthodox PresbyterianChurch want to have a growing revival of the preaching, teaching andapplication of the Biblical and Reformed Faith in these United Statesin the year 1944? Or does The Orthodox Presbyterian Church want tohave many members and much moneyand read about itself often in the.newspapers? It can have either one,but it cannot have both.

There is a healthy discontent, aswell as a malignant one, within TheOrthodox Presbyterian Church. It isconcerned with two things: lack ofenthusiasm for the Reformed Faith,and lack of completeness in its presen-tation. ,

In the eighteenth century, enthusiasm meant practically what emotionalfanaticism means now. But modernenthusiasm is a different thing. It isessential to the propagation of anyenterprise. Did a man's love evermeananything to a girl if it was not enthusiastic? The question she asks him(mentally if not aloud) is: Do youthink I am the most important girlin the whole world? If he does, he hasher on his mind constantly, and isdoing things for her or about her. It

215

form, it will hardly be possible foreach to insist upon its own creed.But what is the true path to cooperation and unity? Is it the approachwhich simply sets aside the differencesas irrelevant? Or is it the path whichrecognizes that the unity of the churchis fundamentally a unity in the truthas it is in Christ? If, as we believe, thelatter alternative is the true approach,the Christian church which desires tocooperate with other churches and towork for unity will be obliged to restrict itself to cooperation of a verylimited kind, that is, a cooperationwhich does not involve a compromisewith, or a toning down of, its ownmessage. The only other approach toChristian unity which is. tolerable forone who holds that unity is a mockeryunless it is a unity in the truth is thatwhich endeavors to persuade the lesspure churches of their errors and so toseek to bring about the solid unity ofa common faith.

This issue is not merely doctrinal.It is also basically moral. A churchcannot maintain its integrity if itequivocates at this point. How coulda church maintain before the worldits right to a separate existence because it regards its confession as thepurest expression of the gospel ofChrist 'and at the same time agree toaccept as an adequate platform somevague, attenuated form of the gospel?It would be quite incongruous, for example, for a Presbyterian church toinsist,on the one hand, upon its historic Calvinistic testimony while, onthe other hand, it was content to accept as an adequate basis of broadChristian action a colorless, compromising, inclusivist creed.

If the Council restricted itself toactivities that did not involve anydoctrinal judgments, a virtually creedless organization might be defensible.But as everyone who has the slightestacquaintance with the Council's pronouncements knows, it constantly hasdealt with matters involving judgments concerning the doctrines ofGod and man, of the nature of thekingdom of God and the church, andthe like. When, therefore, churches

tice it has acted with a large degree ofindependence of the churches. Andsince the churches have characteristically chosen their more liberallyminded. churchmen to represent them

.on the Council, and the spokesmenof the Council have, with remarkableconsistency, ,been among the mostprominent Modernists in America, thedoctrinal utterances. of the Councilhave been somewhat in advance ofthose of the churches generally.

There are three attitudes towardsthe gospel that seem to me to come toexpression in the Federal Council.Basic to its approach is an attenuation or emaciation of the rich, fullbodied gospel of the New Testament.This attenuation of the gospel provides the background for an eclipse ofthe gospel. And, since the gospel doesnot easily yield to such treatment, theeclipse of the gospel has frequentlydeveloped into open hostility to thegospel. \

Attenuation of the GospelMy first observation is that, in the

interest of inclusivism, the Councilrests upon.a platform that is so vaguethat it is virtually meaningless. Theonly restriction from a doctrinal pointof view which finds expression in theConstitution is the acknowledgmentof Jesus Christ as "divine Lord andSavior". Technically perhaps theCouncil is' meant to be creedless.Actually, however, this-statement constitutes a creed, even if it is the briefest possible creed. And, of course, it isaltogether vague and unprecise. Liberals of all stripes would be willing toacknowledge Jesus Christ as divineLord and Saviour. Even Ritschl, whoheld that Jesus was a mere man anddenied the reality of the incarnationin the historic sense of the term, wasquite willing to employ similar language with reference to Jesus.

Now .the churches, in the interest'of an expression of their "oneness",are asked to submerge the doctrinaldifferences which find expression intheir creeds.It must be conceded, indeed, that if churches of differentcreeds are to arrive at a common plat-

THE PRESBYTE,RIAN GUARDIAN

•

1944

Doctrinal CCt,mplexion of the Fed'eral Co~ncilThe Federal Council vs. Orthodox Christianity: PART 2

By the REY. NED B. STONEHOUSE. Th.D.Professor of New Testament In Westminster Theological Seminary

THE 'analysis of the doctrinal complexion of the Federal Council ap

pears to be a matter of considerablepractical moment. If we judge thatwe must oppose the Federal Council,at least so far as the main thrust of itsoperations is concerned, we ought tobe able to give a good reason for suchopposition. Moreover, since orthodoxChristians likewise are seriously challenged to seek unity and achieve cooperation to the greatest possible extent, we may perhaps learn to avoidcertain fateful steps as we considerthe effort of this movement to bringabout cooperation and unity .amQngChristian churches.

Broadlyspeaking, the doctrinal complexion of the Council is simply thatof American Christianity. Its doctrinalpositionat any rate is not an isolatedphenomenon. Rather it represents, byand large, the drift of doctrinalthought in the present century inAmerica. In the main, this drift hasfollowed the current of modern socalled Liberal theology with specialemphasis upon the social gospel. Thisis not to say that the Council hasarrived at a final formulation of itstheology or of its principles of action.In recent days its pronouncementshave disclosed that Barthian thinkinghas made some impact upon the earlierModernism. And, to cite a conspicuous example of its changeable attitudetoward world problems, it has fluctuated radically, much as public opinionas a whole has fluctuated, on the question of the right attitude toward war.The study of the doctrinal complexionof the Federal Council serves, therefore, to provide a fair sample of theChristianity of the churches whichmake up its membership, a Christianity that is drifting along without thebenefit of the chart of Holy Scripture.

There is a sense, however, in whichthe doctrinal viewpoint of the FederalCouncil is not exactly a representativeviewpoint. For it is rather clear thatthe Council has been more or less inthe vanguard of the march of Modernism in our times. Although the Council officially merely represents theconstituent churches, in actual prac-

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July 25

without the tension between the twomessages becoming vocal. The attackupon the gospel was indeed' implicitin the whole process. The message ofhuman brotherhood, the superficialoptimism concerning man, the affirmation of his divinity, the anti-theological, anti-doctrinal bias, the dependence upon education and legislationto reform society-all these are somuch 'it part of modern Liberalism,which itself has frequently becomeoutspoken in its opposition to orthodox Christianity, that no one neededto be deceived. In the case of theFederal Council, however, the antidoctrinal bias was so powerful that itwas more than willing to avoid openconflict.

Paradoxically, it was when. theCouncil came to give prominence toevangelism, especially in recent years,that its hostility to the gospel cameinto the open. There was a period inthe earlier history of the Councilwhen, due to certain conservative influences within its Commission onEvangelism, the pronouncements concerning evangelism had the merit. ofretaining an insistence upon salvationfrom sin through the atoning deathof the Saviour. But the general evangelicalism which came to expressionin this aspect of its work was not ableto maintain itself as time went on,and this department took on the complex of the movement as a whole. Ourreaders will still recall how far thepreaching missions sponsored by theCouncil fell short of preaching thegospel of salvation. Its radio activitylikewise has, on the whole, presenteda wretched substitute for the gladtidings found in the Scriptures.

In this connection we may recallspecifically the prominent place whichwas filled by E. Stanley Jones in the"Christian Mission" of 1940-41. Jones'message, which found expression, atleast to some extent, in his book IsThe Kingdom of God Realism?, constituted a denial of and an attack uponthe Christian gospel. Sin is sef forthin the most superficial terms; the divine condemnation of sinners' to hellis specifically denied. The incarnationis described as a process which involved the upward urge of man andsignifies the divine use according toa universal law of that which is human.The atonement appears as an inescapable law of the universe. Christianity is represented as a life accordingto the laws written in our human con-

2 For a fuller statement and criticism ofthe social gospel see R. B. Kuiper, "TheChristian Pulpit and Social Problems", inThe Westminster Theological Journal,Nov., 1939,PP. 1-9.

contending for the truth. Rather menare challenged to set aside their doctrinal beliefs as largely inconsequentialor even as a detriment to Christianity,and instead to engage in a program ofaction. It is truly astonishing that thisphilosophy of pragmatism, so remotefrom the letter and .spirit of the NewTestament, should have come to beregarded as a truly Christian position.

One who is under the spell of thisphilosophy cannot possibly regard thegospel of redemption through Christas constituting the message suited toillumine this world's darkness. But thisanti-doctrinal approach itself demandsa message conforming to its owngenius. This message is the "SocialGospel". Mr. Hutchison states thatthe Federal Council is treated quitecorrectly as "an official institutionalembodiment of the Social Gospel" (p.299). Insofar as the advocates of ~esocial gospel have stressed the SOCIalbonds of mankind and have insistedupon the application of Christianityto the whole of life, we have no serious criticism to offer. Our differenceof judgment concerns rather what isapplied to meet the social needs ofmen. In view of the profound indifference of this movement to doctrine,it is perfectly clear that it does notpropose to apply to this situation theChristian gospel but rather a substitute for it. The social gospel is notan application or legitimate extensionof the gospel of grace. It is anothergospel which is not another. It is amessage in which the guilt of manand the redemption accomplished bythe life and death of Christ are passedover in silence. In its place, an optimistic religion of human brotherhoodis heralded forth as the panacea forthe world's ills.2

Open'Hostility to the GospelSo far as the Federal Council is con

cerned, the eclipse of the gospel ofdivine grace by the social gospel has,on the whole, been a silent movement.The substitution of the one messagefor the other has taken place quietly,without any special defense of thesubstitution or any special attack uponthe old gospel. Nevertheless, in thenature, of the case, as radical a procedure as 'this could hardly take place

THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN21~

of different creedal viewpoints on suchfundamental matters allow the Conn-

'cil to be a spokesman for them, theyvirtually make their own creeds ofnone effect by allowing an attenuatedgospel to take their place. Participation in the Council has meant accordingly a virtual nullification of thehistoric creeds of Christendom in thesphere of interchurch relations. Andnullification of the confession of a

"church in one sphere of 'action cannot butlet down the bars for nullifieationall along the line.

Eclipse of the GospelThe charge that the Federal Coun

cil has allowed the gospel to beeclipsed is a serious one and requiressubstantiation. Fortunately this responsibility has been largely takenfrom our shoulders by the admissionsof a recent 'book which presents ahighly sympathetic critical and historical study of the Council.'

The reason for the eclipse of thegospel of the grace of God is that theCouncil's policies have been dominated by a thoroughgoingly antidoctrinal, pragmatic philosophy. "Theattitude of the federation toward theology", Mr. Hutchison' says, "was inkeeping with the anti-theological trendof the times. It was widely contendedthat while thought divided people,action united them"(p. 28). Thesame writer also frequently attributesto the Council the declaration of amoratorium on theology.

Now .this error is the most devastating error of American Modernism,for it comprehends the entire structure of Christian doctrine in its embrace, and by its thoroughgoing indifference to the truth of Christianityundermines its very foundation. It isa subtle error because it may even gohand in hand with the affirmation ofthe truth of many Christian doctrines.It was perhaps the most distinguishingcharacteristic of the notorious AuburnAffirmation, for that document maintained that· it was quite immaterialwhether even' Presbyterian ministerseame to conclusions on such subjectsas the. inspiration of the Scriptures,the virgin birth of Christ, His miracles,His atonement and His resurrection.On this perspective there is no pointin being concerned over the truth ofChristianity. There is also no gain in

,1 We Are Not Divided, by tohn A.Hutchison. Published by Round TablePress, Inc., 1941.

217

2. Salat- the five daily. prayers.Every faithful Moslem stops whateverhe is doing when the Muezzin givesthe call to prayer from the minaret.Before these .prayers can be engagedin, it is necessary to purify ·oneself.This is done in water if there is waterhandy, but more usually in sand. Anelaborate ritual is proclaimed for 'this,and woe be to the one who gets partof it wrong! Traditions have raised themost trivial ceremonial observancesinto duties of greatest importance.Formalism is thus the rule, for anyreligion which declares that the virtueof prayer depends practically on anablution, and that that ablution isuseless unless done in ,the order' prescribed, is one well calculated to makemen formalists. and nothing more.The form of the prayer at the statedperiods is carefully prescribed, and itis highly repetitious. A Moslem whorecites all the prescribed prayers .goesthrough an identical ritual no less thanfifty times a dayl

Friday is the Moslem sabbath andon that day there is an assembly inaddition to the daily prayers. At thisservice there are two short sermons-eMohammed said that long sermonsand short prayers would be a sign ofdegeneracy in the last days-hencetwo short sermons! Typical sermonsin a book of Moslem sermons are onlyabout five .hundred words-aboutthree or feur minutes long.

3. Thirty Days' Fast of the Monthof Ramazan. Fasting in the Moslemsense is' abstinence, from sunrise tosunset, from food, drink and cohabitation. Millions of Moslems faithfullyobserve the fast during the wholethirty days of the sacred month. Therulesgoveming the fast are very detailed and complicated, and one mustbe very careful not to break the fast.For instance, if during the fast onecleans his teeth and a little waterpasses into .his throat, the fast isbroken and he .must observe an extraday beyond the month! If he eatsduring the night, and food as large as .a .grain of com remains in his teeth,the fast is broken! Of course the richsimply tum night into day and thusescape the rigors of the fast. The poorworking people find ita great hardship to refrain from taking .all liquidduring the hot Arabian days; yet it isthey .whomost faithfully observe thefast.

4. Almsgiv.ing. A .great Kaliph says,"Prayer 'carries us half-way to God,fasting brings us to the door of His

acceptance of the inspiration and authority of the Scriptures alone canprovide. But the fundamental fault iswith the churches. themselves. Theyhave acquiesced in the drift from themoorings of the Word of God. Theyhave been content to nullify their historic witness as expressed in their confessions. Unless the churches regaintheir faith in and readiness to pearwitness to the Word, and face the callto cooperation and unity on the basisof .the Scriptures, the. drift will continue. And it is likely to vcontinue,unless all signs fail, until many of thechurches join in a colossal body whichwill probably presume to call itself"the Church of Christ in America",but which in fact will be so utterlyvague in its message and so inchisivistic in its constituency that it will lackthe essential characteristics of theChristian church as they are set forthin the New Testament.

Moslem demonstrates what is almostthe ultimate depth to which a religioncan sink when the commands of menare substituted for the commands ofGod. Any real improvement of hissocial lot is virtually impossible, forhis life is regulated by tradition andso cannot be changed.

There are many religious duties ofall grades of obligation, but the fivemost important are based upon theKoran, and are these:

1. The recital of the KaIimah"There is no God but Allah, andMohammed is the prophet of Cod",Millions of times each day this confessionis made, and it is that withoutwhich no one can be a Moslem. "The

. power contained in this "Confession isgreat. It embodies the very spirit ofIslam; it is therallying-cry for itsarmies; it sounds forth each morningfrom thousands of minarets in manylands; it has been-and is said withfervor, pride and -exultation by hundreds of millions of the human race.The power -of Islam, its proclamationof the Unity, -ishere seen in closestcontact with what is to Moslem theologians the equally fundamental truth,the apostleship of Mohammed".

"Faiths Men Die By"-PART 6

By the REY. ROBERT S. MARSDEN

THE PRESBYTE,RIAN GUARDIAN19~4

The' Practical Duties of Islam

stitutions. If we believe and obey theselaws, we attain to eternal life; if wedisobey, the fact of self-destructionovertakes us. (See THE PRESBYTERIANGUARDIAN, Feb. 10, 1941, pp. 41£.)Though for some mysterious reasonJones is still regarded in 'some circlesas an evangelical, it is difficult to seehow one could retain much of thelanguage of the New Testament andyet repudiate its teaching more thoroughly.

-What the theologicalcomplexion ofthe Federal Council will prove to bein the future, I should be unwilling totry to forecast. It is conceivable thatvarious factors will modify its doctrinaldrift. It may be that its spokesmen will less readilypolemicizeagainstthe eternal verities.. It may becomedefinitely less anti-doctrinal. But thereis no reason for optimism in thisregard simply because it is a federationthat lacks the solid foundation which

No STUDY of Islam would approach completeness without a

consideration of the practical duties ofthe religion. Islam is primarily a religion .of works, and so the workswhich it enjoins loom very important.Surrounding these "good" works whichare demanded by the Koran or by thetraditions, there has developed a greatdeal of ceremony which itself has become important, and consequently itis quite possible, when one is observing a religious duty, to omit someceremonial detail and thus invalidatehis whole act. For example, if beforeprayer, .ceremonial washing is done,and the worshiper inadvertently rinseshis mouth before he cleans his teeth,he invalidates his intention and muststart all over againI The Moslem hassurrounded himself with an almostendless ceremony and nearly every actof his life assumes a religious significance. He thus makes his life miserable' by undertaking to observe allkinds of rules of conduct in thingswhich even the Koran would seem tohold as matters of indifference. Anyreal freedom is thus impossible for theMoslem, for the yoke of custom is sostrong that.he cannot break it. The

July 25

sented from different viewpoints andthat there is no contradiction involved.

After Jesus' resurrection, He said toMary, "Touch me not for I am notyet ascended", yet we also read aboutthe women that they clasped Him bythe feet and worshiped Him. How dothese two agree? E. W.

These two accounts do. agree, as acareful reading of them will reveal.When the women clasped the feet ofour Lord, they were in an attitude ofreverenceand worship. In fact, we areexpressly told that they worshipedHim. This was right; the women hadheard the explanation of the angeland they now recognized Him whowas before them as their Lord. Therisen Christ accepted their worship.

Very different, however, was theaction of Mary Magdalene. Mary'saction was not worship. Overcome asshe was by the recognition of Jesus,she sought to seize him, apparentlyhoping to hold to Him whom she hadlost and whom she feared she mightnever see again. But Mary need notfear ,that she will lose Jesus. For Hewill ascend to His Father in heaven,and this glorious news Mary is to convey to the disciples. Hence we maysee that there is no contradiction inthese accounts.

What is the meaning of the phras~

"the body of Moses" in Jude 9? J. W.Apparently Jude is referring to the

actual burial of Moses. The only otherpassage in Scripture which speaksuponthis subject is Deuteronomy 34:6,"And he buried him in a valley in theland of Moab, over against Beth-peor:but no man knoweth ofhis sepulchreunto this day". It is thought by somethat Jude derived his information from.an extra-Biblical book known as theAssumption of Moses. However, thisis unlikely. Jude, under the inspirationof the Holy Spirit, is apparently imparting further information concerning the burial of Moses.

The Lord buried the body of Moses.That He did this by the hand of angels, one of whom was Michael, iscertainly not impossible. ApparentlySatan interfered or sought in someway to oppose this action, and wasrebuked by Michael. This seems to bethe meaning of Jude. The statement,"May the Lord rebuke thee", is employed by the Lord against Satan inZechariah F2. It apparently means,"May God's judgment come uponthee".

unto him who attempts to change atradition, and twice woe to him whodeliberately forsakes oneI It is thisreligion against which the OrthodoxPresbyterian missionaries in northeastern Africa will contend in presentingto those people "the true Light whichlighteth every man that cometh intothe world".

Questions FromGuardian Readers

Is THE word "God" in Psalm 45:6addressed to the king? E. E. E.This verse reads, "Thy throne, 0

God, 1s for ever and ever.-a sceptre ofrighteousness is the sceptre of thykingdom". The psalm describes themarriage of a king. In. verse three he isaddressed as hero, and in the presentverse as God. Hence, it would seemthat the writer intends to establishthe deity of the king, for this is amessianic psalm. This interpretationhas a noble history behind it. It appears in the Epistle to the Hebrews( 1 : 8) and in all the ancient translations of the psalm.

Those who do not believe that theword "God" is addressed to the kingmay sometimes be motivated by adesire to deny the true deity of theMessiah. But if the word does notrefer to the king, we have some difficult problems to face. How is theword to be interpreted? Some wouldomit it entirely. Others would translate, "Thy throne-which is of Godis for ever and ever". But these expedients are not satisfactory. The mostnatural reading of these words teachesthe deity of the Messiah.

Matthew 28 and Mark 16 speak ofone angel at the tomb of Christ,whereas Luke 24 speaks of two angels.How are these made to agree? E. W.

It does not seem to me that thereis any real difficulty involved. Lukeoften adds more details than do Matthew and Mark. Apparently Matthewand Mark wished to concentrate uponthe fact that an angel spoke to thewomen. Luke presents the, completeinformation that there were actuallytwo angels present. The narrative istold from different points of view.Matthew speaks of an angel, Mark ofa young man and Luke of two men.John also mentions two angels. Henceit is obvious that the narrative is pre-

THE PRE S BYTE RI A N G UA R D I A N218

palace, and alms procure us admission". There is an elaborate, graded,capital tax which runs from twentyper cent. for plunder to less than oneper cent. for sheep and goats. Almsmust be given to the poor and needy,and for certain religious observances.Originally,aGCording to the Koran(S. lX:6o) alms were to be given "tothose whose hearts are won to Islam",but the early Kaliphs declared thisprovision to have been valid only during the period when Islam was struggling for existence. Now that "Godhas prospered Islam", says Abu-Bekr,"if you be converted it is well; if not,a sword is between us".

5. The Hajj. The Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, is the last of the fiveMoslem duties. He who denies itsnecessityis considered to be an infidel."The pilgrimage to the temple is aservice due to God from those whoare able to journey thither; and as tohim who believeth not, verily Godcan afford to dispense with all suchcreatures" (S. 111:91£).

The Hajj must be made by everyfree Moslem, sound in body and offull age, who is able to pay his expenses, after duly providing for thesupport of his household till his return. The completion of the journeyconsists in going round the Kaabaseven times, for this black stone is thecenter of Islam. The Hajj must bemade in the last month of the Mohammedan year. It must be made inspecially prepared garments and, having arrived at a station on the way toMecca, the pilgrim puts on his garments and may not take them off noreven wash himself until he completesthe pilgrimage. He first kisses theKaaba, which is worn thin with themillions of lips which have touched it,and then, with many prayers, he encircles the building containing the'stone seven times-he runs aroundthree times and four times he proceeds slowly. With the completionof the Hajj-the ceremonies withinMecca consume two weeks-a faithfulMoslem's life is complete and hismost holy ambition satisfied.

Such is the religion which has itsgrip upon a very large portion of mankind. And that grip is vise-like for,while the Moslems are not priestridden as are the votaries of manyother religions that men die by, yetthey are tradition-ridden, and deliberately to break one of the traditionsis a heinous sin which excludes thesinner from the community. Woe

219

Presbytery of New Yorkand New England

MEMORIAL Church, Rochester:Mrs. Frank Remein and Miss

Phyllis Remein assisted the pastor, theRev. John J. DeWaard, in conductingvacation Bible school. ... On June2sth a number of sailors from Sampson, N. Y., assisted in the eveningservice and a large congregation waspresent to greet the men.

Presbytery of Ohio

COVENANT Church, Indianapolis,Ind.: Two vacation Bible schools

ary society recently held a meeting incooperation with all four fields....The month of July will complete onefull year of broadcasting a half hour'sprogram over station KGCU six timesa week.

During July the work in Coloradohas featured the Bible conference atCamp Chief Yahmonite, SteamboatSprings, which was held from the 14thto the 24th. The faculty included theRev. Calvin A. Busch, the Rev. C. G.Ter Maat, and others. A full report ofthe conference proceedings will bepublished in a later issue. . . . Mr.Busch, who isa member of the presbytery, conducted a successful vacationBible school at the Steamboat Springs ,Congregational Church, using the materials published by the Christian Education Committee of The OrthodoxPresbyterian Church. The closing program after two weeks of study wasappreciated by a large crowd of interested parents and friends. . . . At theSecond Congregational Church ofDenver a profitable vacation schoolwas held. during the latter part ofJune. On the day after its close, MissHarriet Z., Teal started two Bibleschools, one in the morning for negrochildren and the. other in the eveningoutdoors in Lincoln Park,

Presbytery of New Jersey

GRACE Church, Trenton: Two ofthe young people have recently

been received into communicant membership on confession of faith. . . .The building fund has almost reachedthe $soo mark. . . . Summer Bibleschool was held during the first weekin July, and summer weather seemsto have brought the, Sunday schoolattendance to a new high point. . . .Contributions have been received tocoverfully the expense of newhymnalsfor the church.

difficult, but the above interpretationappeals to me as being at least anapproach to the correct meaning.

-EDWARD J. YOUNG

Westminster Church, Bend, Oregon: Fifteen young people professedacceptance of Christ as Saviour at thevacation Bible school held from JuneSth to 16th under the direction. ofthe pastor, the Rev. Glenn R. Coie,assisted by a staff of thirteen teachers.More than one hundred seventy-fivepersons were present at the closingprogram.... At the communion service twelve new communicant memberswere received and nine covenant children were baptized. . . . Mr. Coie,who has accepted a call to the pastorate of Knox Church, Silver Spring,Md., preached his farewell sermonearly in July, and following the servicea fellowship hour was held by the congregation in honor of ML Coie andhis family. A generous gift was presented as a' farewell token from thecongregation. Thirty-three were present at Mr. Coie's last service in theoutlying Alfalfa community, and therealso a fellowship dinner and .a generous gift were presented. During Julyand August, Mr. C. Alan Tichenor ofPhiladelphia will supply the pulpit.He will also direct the eighth annualyoung people's summer conference atSuttle Lake, Oregon, from July 24thto zSth.. " . A pastoral call to Westminster Church has been extended tothe Rev. Robert E. Nicholas of Roscommon, Mich., and Mr. Nicholashas indicated that he plans to accept,the call when it reaches him throughhis presbytery.

Presbytery of the Dakotas

WESTM IN ST ER Church, Hami~l,S. D.: On July znd Mr. Marvin

J. Broline was ordained a ruling elderand Mr. Joseph R. Dvorak a deacon,and they with Deacon Henry A. L.Thompson were installed for a threeyear term in their respective offices.

The Rev. C. A. Balcom reports thatfour vacation Bible schools were completed during the month of June atWilton, Rock Hill, Baldwin, and Bismarck. All these schools were well attended and tangible appreciation wasshown for the work of the teachers.. .. At Wilton the women's mission-

THE PR E S BY T E ,R I AN G U A R D I AN

Orthodox Presbyterian Church News

1944

I do not think that the phrase "thebody of Moses" refers to the figurativebody of Moses or to the Old Testament church. The passage is extremely

Presbytery of California-FIRST Church, San Francisco: In

answer to the fervent prayers of thecongregation, the many problems incident to moving to a new locationhave been solved, and a number ofgenerous and sacrificial gifts have beenreceived to provide the necessaryequipment for the church.... AMachen League contest, which lastedabout six weeks, resulted in the bestattendance of the year.

First Church, Long Beach: Chaplain William T. Strong, formerly ofWest Collingswood, N. J., who hasjust returned from the Aleutians,preached to a filled auditorium onJune 25th. Recent repainting of theChapel has effected a marked improvement in its appearance. On July 4tha picnic of the Machen League of theLos Angeles area was held on thebeach. '

Covenant Church, Berkeley: Onmany chair backs in the church appears a card with this inscription:"While' worshiping here, please prayfor -'--- in the service of ourcountry", and the name of a service man from the church is filled inthe blank. -. . . Once each month achurch dinner is served at which oneof the larger phases of the denomination's missionary work is discussed,and these meetings are proving popular.... A summer Bible school beginson July 19th and will hold its graduation exercises on July 30th.

Grace Church; Los Angeles: Sincehis election last April to the session ofthe church, Mr. John P. Richmondhas been accepted at WestminsterSeminary as a student and he andMrs. Richmond have left for the east.Their departure represents a great lossto the work since he was treasurer ofthe church and Mrs. Richmond wasthe pianist, and both taught Sundayschool classes. A farewell receptionwas held for them just prior to theirdeparture.... The Sunday school hasbeen given notice to vacate its building by July rst, and plans are underway,for the purchase of a lot and thebuilding of a church.

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July 2S

the avalanche of orders that wereprecipitated by the first announcementof the sale. Almost immediately ourpreliminary stock of one title was exhausted, and in less than two daysafter the first copies of the GUARDIANwere received in near-by homes, morethan two-thirds of our initial supplyof the books were gone. We sent arush order to the publisher for morecopies (more than double our originalorder), and we believe that there willbe sufficient books available to supplythe demand. .

However, one disappointment hasoccurred. At the time of the first announcement, we had been assured by'the Oxford University Press, publishers of the books, that all nine titleswere availablein bound volumes. Twoof those titles were not sent to us aspart of our original order, but we weretold by the publishers that the delaywas onlyl:emporary. Then, after thelast GUARDIAN had rolled from thepresses, we receiveda letter saying thata mistake had been made and thatthose two titles were available only inunbound form.

These books are Biblical Doctrinesand Christology and Criticism. At thetime this issue is going to press, another letter has arrived; telling us thatthese books are now in the binderyand should be available in a fewweeks.We hope our readers will understandour difficulties and be patient with us.

Also, we feel that we should warnour readers that only a very few copiesof Calvin and Calvinism are still available, and the supply may be exhaustedin a very short time. There is still anadequate supply of the other sixvolumes.

Orders are being shipped as rapidlyas our stock and our limited shippingfacilities allow. There will be delayson some orders and when stock is exhausted there maybe disappointments.We shall do our utmost, however, tomake prompt and full deliveries.

Again we reprint on the last page of,this issue a coupon for your convenience in ordering. And please be sureto include your remittance of $1.50per volume for each book ordered.

It is almost certain that these bookswill not be reprinted. It is equallycertain that there will not be anotherchance to purchase them at this amazing reduction. For this reason, weurge every reader to send his orderwithout delay, so as to avoid possibledisappointment

the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.... The Rev. Robert L. Atwell spoketo .the Theophilus· Fellowship at ameeting one evening during theQuarryville conference.

Grace Church, Middletown, Del.:On June 26th one hundred seventyfive persons attended the commencement exercises of the very successfulBible school.

Eastlake Church, Wilmington, Del.:The vacation Bible school, conductedas a "troop school", with a dailyaverage of ninety-five, was concluded witha special demonstration on Fridaynight, June 30th, and a picnic onSaturday.... At the June meeting ofthe Women's MissionarySociety,Mrs.Sara Hathorne, a former member ofthe church, told of her work at theWilmington City Mission where sheand her husband are engaged in rescuework.

The Warfield Books,

Presbytery· of Wisconsin

GRACE Church, Milwaukee: Inability to secure a clear title to

the property last inspected has forcedthe congregation to continue its searchfor a suitable place of worship. Meanwhile the building fund continues togrow and the church requests the sustained support of all its friends, bothby prayers and gifts.

First Church, Waterloo, Iowa: During the month of June, Mr. WilliamGoodrow, a student at WestminsterSeminary, assisted,the pastor, the Rev.Edward Wybenga, in conducting avacation Bible school. The enrollmentwas forty-three, with an average dailyattendance of forty. The material ofthe Committee on Christian Education was used throughout. Mr. Goodrow also had charge of the church services during the last two weeks of themonth. . . . On July znd the Rev.Edwin H. Rian was guest preacher atboth services.

IN THE July roth issue of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARPIAN, we offered to

our readers their choice of any or allof nine books by the late Dr. Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield at theprice of only $1.50 each. These bookswere originally' priced between threeand four dollars, so that we knew wewere offering an attractive bargain.

But we were totally unprepared for

THE PRESBYTE,RIAN GUARDIAN,220

were held in June. The Warren Central school washeld in a new area andthe average daily attendance was fiftythree. The second school, with anaverage attendance of forty, was heldat Warren Park Chapel, present meeting-place of Covenant Church....The Rev. George Bohn, father of thepastor, preached at the morning service on June 25th.

Presbytery of Philadelphia

CALVARY Church, Germantown:The Rev. and Mrs. Eugene Brad

ford are receivingcongratulations uponthe arrival of a daughter, ElizabethAnn, on May 31st

Covenant Church, Pittsburgh: Atwo-week Bible school was held atBlackridgeChapel with an enrollmentof seventy-one and an average attendance of fifty. At the closing exercisesmore than fifty adults were present.The Sunday school attendance at thechapel has declined during the sum-mer months. -

Calvary Church, Middletown:Eighth anniversary services were heldon June 25th with the Rev. EdwinH. Rian as guest preacher. Mr. Edward Wherley was ordained and installed as a deacon on Anniversary Sunday.... One hundred sixty membersand friends of the church attended theannual Sunday school picnic.... Onehundred forty advance registrationshave been received for the "TroopSchool" which will be held during thelast three weeks of July,

Bethany Church, Nottingham: Closing exercises of the summer Bibleschool were combined with the chilo,dren's day service and were witnessedby a near-capacityaudience.... Twointeresting and unusual services haverecently been held. The first was basedon the story of God's use of many ofthe historic hymns of the church, andthe second was a candlelight servicein which everyone present read a verseconcerning the Light of the world.

Kirkwood Church, Kirkwood: Enrollment at the summer Bible schoolreached one hundred four. Althoughnot the largest school the church hashad, it was said by many to have beenthe best The two factors contributingto this were,according to the Rev.John Patton Galbraith, the excellentstaff and the materials published bythe Committee on Christian Education. Mr. Galbraith also was instrumental in having Orthodox Presbyterian material used by a church of

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221

It will be- noticed immediately thatwhat is contemplated is not just another institution which will foster ageneral pious atmosphere. Rather; theChristian University will be basedsquarely upon the historic Reformed'or Calvinistic creeds, and all of itsactivity will be rooted, in the glorioussystem of doctrine of the Scriptures asexpressed in those confessions.

Our nation needs this ChristianUniversity. Our young people need it.Our churches need it. If Jesus Christis our King, we need to honor Himin all of our lives. There should be agraduate school of the social sciencesin America in which Christ is enthroned as the Lord of history and theKing of society. There should be agraduate school of philosophy in thiscountry in which every thought isbrought into captivity to the obedience of Christ. There should be agraduate school of the physical sciences in which men will learn toread aright the revelation given byGod in nature. We need Christianschools of law, medicine, economics,that in all things Christ might receivethe preeminence. Further we need thewitness of a Christian university inthis' country to the full-orbed truthrevealed by God in the Scriptures.Secularism and materialism have captured our institutions of higher learning. Paganism has become the accepted thidg. As Christians we needto raise a true witness to the truth ofGod through such auniversity, Thenwe need a Christian university for thesake of our young people. How' manythousands of Christian parents maythere be in the United States andCanada who are wondering and praying about the education of their children? Where shall they send them?We need a university where all thefacts of the universe shall be taughtfrom the Christian point of view, fromwhich our young people can, go outable to give a reason for the hope thatis jn them.

Does not God call us to found suchaschool? Is it not our duty to go forward step by step in faith, as He shalllead? Let us not despise the day ofsmall things, but let us have visionand faith. May the God of all wisdombless the Christian University Association and so prosper its efforts that inthe days to come there may be inAmerica a great university in which in 'every school Jesus Christ shall beKing! -J P. C.

The Chris~ian University

,ON JUNE 29th in Grand Rapids,Michigan, a group of some

twenty men formed themselves intoan association for the establishment ofa Christian University. These mencame from a half dozen different Reformed denominations but they werenot acting as representatives ofchurches. This was a free 'associationof individuals fOf the formation of aschool of higher learning free of ecclesiastical control., It was a preposterous thing those

men did. They had behind them nowealth and no organized support. Theyhave no assurance that their projectwill be widely supported. Yet they setout to work for the establishment of auniversity giving graduate degrees. 'Nofaculty, no students, no donors, nobuildings! One may well ask whatprompted these men to take such abold and visionary step.

The step was taken in faith. It wasnot taken carelessly nor lightheartedly.It was only after more than a year'sdiscussion and several meetings thatthe Association was formed. Thefounders of the Association were awareof the tremendousdifficulties involved,yet in faith they went ahead. From ahuman foint of view the whole thingis out 0 proportion. The University istoo big a project for such a little company. But if God wills it, the projectwill succeed.

This faith was based upon thesense of a great need: America. has noProtestant Christian university. TheRoman Catholics have their universities, some twenty-five of them; thereare private universities which at theirinception were Christian but are so nolonger; there are many splendidlyequipped state universities 'but in allof North America there is not oneschool giving graduate degrees whichbases .its instruction upon' the Protestan t Christian life- and world-view.

'There are Christian colleges in 'Amer-ioa.Tt may be there is room for-more,but this Association does not seek to,establish merely another college. Thisis a University Association. It maywell be that undergraduate work willbe given but if so it will be as preparatory to and integrated with graduate study.

We believe that a careful study oftlhe constitution of the Associationwill prove profitable, and the complete text is printed on pages 226-228.

THE PRE 5 BY T E,R I A NG U A R D I AN

The Better Life

EDITORIAL

IN MANY ways the ungodly seemto have the advantage over the

godly. They live lives of freedom, oflicense and of self-expression. Theirlanguage is spicy and uninhibited; theyindulge themselves in liquor and in,sex.'They know the thrill of gamblingon the horses. In, short, they do asthey please and their lives, seem richand varied. In contrast, the life of thegodly seems so dull and drab that heis pitied by the ungodly. He misses allthe good times. He is denied so manylusty pleasures. What he can see in hismanner of life' is beyond the ken ofthe worldly.

The godly replies, though" in histurn, "Don't feel sorry for me.' I feelsorry for you. I don't want any part ofyour kind of life, for I know that it isnot what it is advertised to be. Youseek pleasure' and gratification of yourdesires, but I have discovered thatyour quest only brings unhappiness. Ihave, seen the look of hard discontenton your faces. 1 have heard your bitterand profane strife with one another.I have seen the tragedy of your brokenhomes and the disintegration of yourundisciplined personalities. And aboveall I know that always you have withinyou that gnawing frustration whichmust come to every creature who isnot in accord with his Creator. Yes, Ifeel sorry-for you because you don'tknow what you are missing. You don'tknow what it is to,have, the knowledgethat all your sins, andJailures are pardoned; you have no inkling of the joyof fellowship and, communion withthe living God; you have never,.expe~rieneed '.. the 'delights of Christianfr~endship. True, we have our troublesand our unhappiness but always beneath is the assurance' of, God's loveand the, hope of heaven. 'In thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right handthere are pleasures for evermore' ".

, -1·P.C.

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FI~me5 Worth Fanning

July 25

In 1737 God forged, as it were, thesecond link in the golden chain which.brought about the Great Awakening.

Howel Harris states that he firstheard of Whitefield-in 1737, and hesays he "felt his heart knit to Whitefield in a way that he had never feltthe like to any living man before",and he contracted an everlasting loveto him before. they had seen eachother. In 1738 Whitefield went toGeorgia, and God granted him success even where the W esleys failedbadly. On the ground prepared byJonathan Edwards the foundation ofthe American awakening is firmly'laid;he returns at the close of 1738, andon the zoth of December, having inAmerica conceived a deep concern forHowel Harris in Wales, he writes hima touching letter, and the followingyear on March 8th he journeys toCardiff and meets him face to face.They are both young men aged ~5,and Whitefield shall tell us exactlywhat happened, and you will agreethat they leapt at each other, so tospeak, like flames of fire. .

"I was much refreshed by the sightof my dear brother Howel Harris,whom, though I knew not in person,I have long since loved 'in the bowelsof Jesus Christ, and have often felt mysoul drawn out in prayers on his behalf. A' burning and shining light hashe been in those parts, a barrier againstprofaneness and immorality, and anindefatigable promoter of the: trueGospel of Jesus Christ. About three orfour years ago God has inclined him togo about doing good. He is now abouttwenty-fiveyears.of age. Twice he hasapplied, being every way qualified, forHoly Orders, but was refused underthe false pretence that he was not ofage, though' he was then twenty-twoyears and six months.

"About a month ago he offeredhimself again, but was put off. Uponthis he was, and still is, resolved to goon in his work; and indefatigable zealhas he shown in his Master's service.For three years, as he told me fromhis own mouth, he has discoursed almost twice every day for three or fourhours together; not authoritatively as

Only One GuardianNext Month

FOLLOWING our usual sum-mer custom, there will be

only one issue of The Presbyterian Guardian next month.It willbe dated August t5th,and will be mailed in Philadelphia on August 11th. We appreciate the indulgence of ourreaders which makes possiblethis brief vacation for' theGuardian staff, and we pledgeour efforts to making each issue the best value in religi~usjournalism.

village" to village, facing hourly perilfrom violent persecution; stones arehurled at him; he is drenched withditch-water; he is struck till bloodflows, but on, on he goes, committinghis body and soul to the protection ofhis dear Redeemer. •

Little by little his fame spreads, andthe arrows from his quiver stick fastin the hearts of sinners throughout allthe surrounding country. Seeking soulsnow travel miles to hear him, andfrequently his congregation is far toogreat for any building to hold.

Listen to the testimony of CharlesWesley, writing under date of May8th, 1740, concerning Howel Harris:"He declared his experience before theSociety. Oh, what a flame was kindled!No man speaks in my hearing as thisman speaketh-what a nursing fatherGod hath sent us. He has indeedlearned of the Good. Shepherd to can:ythe lambs in his bosom; such love, suchpower, such simplicity, were irresistible". And Whitefield says, under dateof January 27th, 1739: "May I followhim [Howel Harris] as he does JesusChrist! How he outstrips me!" The"Memoir" of Howel Harris is one ofthe most amazing records of the powerof God ever penned.

A Monograph on a Great Revival

By GEOFFREY: WilliAMSLibrarian of t •• Evang.lical Ubrary, Lonclon, England

222

•PART TWO

WE MUST now leave Whitefieldfor a time to introduce the two

great Reformers of Wales-HowelHarris and Daniel Rowland, men soremarkable and' endowed with suchtremendous power from on high thatthrough their instrumentality and thatof William Williams, the great hymnwriter, a benighted principality, awhole nation, was transformed fromend to end as by an ever-spreadingheath-fire. In a few brief years the

, "desert" that -was Wales "blossomedas the rose"-where sin and Satan hadreigned, and little but blasphemy andbrutishness prevailed, the glory of theLord shone forth and sinners by thethousand were snatched as brandsfrom the burning. The mountains andvalleys that shuddered at the swellingtide of iniquity now began to echoand re-echo with penitential cries toJesus, and songs of praise to the dearRedeemer. Even those who were notcalled by grace were made better citizens owing to the influence of thegeneral Reformation which swept thecountry.

First then, we must bring to yournotice Howel Harris, pioneer Reformer, and, like Lady Huntingdon inEngland, endowed with amazing ability for organization. At the period wespeak of, he was a young schoolmasterin a sin-stricken district of Wales. In1735 the Holy Spirit "arrested" thisdogged youth at Talgarth near theBlack Mountains. He suddenlyemerges from the prevailing darknesslike an unknown orb on an almoststarless night. He is gifted with a voiceof tremendous power, the courage ofa lion, and the tenacity and determination of a mighty Reformer. Gracetakes possession of his soul; love tolost sinners fires his breast so intensely'that he goes from house to house atthe behest of the Holy Spirit, and erelong scores, then hundreds, then thousands of sinners surge around him. dayafter day to hear the thunder of Sinaias he denounces sin; the way of escapeas he points sin-bitten sinners to theSaviour of the lost. He travels from

THE PRES -B YTEAI A N G UA RDIA N

Adventure at Four PinesA Story in Two Parts, for the Children's Hour

By MISS HARRIET Z. TEAL

223

But I hope by the help of God weshaII make his kingdom shake. Godloves to do great things by weak instruments, that the power may be ofGod and not of man".

(To be continued)

the mother thought it "very nice" forchildren to go to Sunday school.So when some of Nancy's playmatesstopped by for her, her mother readilyconsented to allow her little daughterto go with them to their Sundayschool. Nancy was a very regular attendant now and proudly wore a goldpin, the reward of one year's faithfulattendance, and was well on the wayto having a gold wreath added for hersecond.year.

"Please, Mommie and Daddy, won'tyou let me go to Four Pines? Myteacher and all the girls prayed in ourSunday school class today that youwould let me go".

"Ho, ho", laughed the father, scornfully, "so you think there is someonesitting up in the sky who gives youwhat you want when you ask for it, doyou?'" \

"Oh, Daddy, please don't talk thatway", pleaded the little girl, beginningto cry. "I know God answers theprayers of His children. The Bible saysso, and my teacher told me-and Iknow it too".

"Well, honey, I won't say it if itmakes you cry", answered Daddy, whodearly loved his little girl. "What doyou think; Mamma?" he added, turning to Nancy's mother who was sittingbeside them, looking very thoughtful."Shall we let her go? Our little girlhas been' looking rather pale lately;perhaps the sunshine and mountainair will do her good".

"Well", replied the mother, "I knowher teacher, Mrs. Cameron, will takegood care of her girls. All the girls areabout ten years old, just Nancy's age.So r suppose it would be all right".

"Oh, Mommie and Daddy, thankyou! Thank youl" cried Nancy, hugging and kissing first one and thenthe other in her delight. Then sheadded soberly, "I must thank God,too. He did answer our prayers".

It was a very excited group of littlegirls who with their teacher got on

was pleased to give me in that duty.This done, we ate a little supper, andthen after singing a hymn we went tobed, praising and blessing God forbringing us face to face. I doubted notbut that Satan envied our happiness.

PART 1

NANCY and Sally were on theirway home from Sunday school:

They paused in front of Nancy's houseto say goodbye. "Don't forget to askyour mother right away if you can goup to Four Pines Camp with us nextweek, Nancy", Sally reminded her asthey parted.

"Mommie, may I go up to Campnext week? All the girls in our Sundayschool class are going", Nancy criedbreathlessly, as she-ran into the house.

"Camp? What Camp?" asked hermother, bewildered, pausing in themidst of setting the table for Sundaydinner..

Nancy's father laid aside his newspaper and looked up with a questiontoo. "What's this about a camp? Tellus about it, Butterfly". '

Nancy was the baby of an otherwisegrown-up family. She was as tiny andlight as a little fairy and was alwaysflitting here and there, so her Daddyhad nicknamed her Butterfly.

"Why it's the 'Camp of the FourGospel Pines', 'way up in the mountains-they sleep in log cabins andtents, and eat in a great big log dininghall, and have classes outdoors, and abig campfire at night", explainedNancy, all in one breath.

"Sounds quite exciting", commentedher Daddy drawing his little girl ontohis knee, "and what do you study inthese classes you speak of?"

"We study the Bible, Daddy. It's aBible Camp".

"A Bible Campl" exclaimed herfather in a disgusted tone. "You don'twant to go to that; it would be tooslow and pokey. You'd be bored todeath".

"Oh no, Daddy! I'd love it. AIl thegirls in my class do. Please let me go",throwing her arms around his neck.

Now here I must tell you thatNancy's parents were not Christians,and they did not attend church, though

a minister, but as a private personexhorting his Christian brethren. Hehas been I think in seven counties,and has made it his business to go' towakes, to turn people from such lyingvanities. Many. alehouse people, fiddlers, harpers, Demetrius-like, sadlycry out against him for spoiling theirbusiness. He has been made the subject of many sermons, and has beenthreatened with public prosecution;constables have been' sent to apprehend him. But God has blessed himwith inflexible courage; instantaneousstrength has been communicated tohim from above, and he continues togo on from conquering to conquer.He is of a most catholic spirit; lovesall that love our Lord Jesus Christ andtherefore he is styled by bigots a Dissenter. -

"He is condemned by all that arelovers of pleasure more than lovers ofGod; but God has greatly blessed hispious endeavours. Many call and ownhim as their spiritual father, and I believe would lay down their lives forhis sake. He discourses generally in afield, from a wall or a table, or anything else, but at other times in ahouse. He has established nearly thirtysocieties in South 'Vales, and still hissphere of action is daily enlarged. Heis full of faith and of the Holy Ghost.

"When I first saw him my heartwas closely knit to him. I wanted tocatch some of his fire, and give himthe right hand of fellowship with mywhole heart. After I had saluted himand given a warm exhortation to agreat number of people who followedus to the ,inn, we spent the remainderof the evening in taking sweet counsel together, and telling one anotherwhat God had done for our souls. Myheart was stilI drawn out towards himmore and more. A divine and strongsympathy appeared to be between us,and I was resolved to promote hisinterest with all my might. Accordingly we took an account of the several societies and agreed on such measures as seemed most conducive topromote the common interest of ourLord. Blessed be God, there seems tobe a noble spirit gone out into Wales;and I believe, ere long, there will bemore visible fruits of it. What inclinesme strongly to think so is, that thepartition wall of bigotry and party zealis broken down.

"After much comfortable and encouraging conversation with eachother, we kneeled down and prayed,and great enlargement of heart God

July 25

soon". The sun was low and wouldsoon set, but still it seemed quitewarm and Nancywondered why everyone was carrying a coat or blanket ashe hurried to the campfire meetingplace. The great fire was already blazing in the center of the clearing. Theboys had climbed down into the canyon and dragged up big branches andeven trunks of trees, so that there wasplenty of wood to keep the fire going.Mrs. Cameron and her little girls tooktheir places with the other campers inthe big circle around the fire. Theseats were simply planks set on short,upright sections of log-there were nobacks to their seats or soft cushionssuch as tlrey were used to at home.But who cared? This was fun!

Several members of their own Sunday school orchestra, and some fromother churches too, were present withtheir instruments, and soon the musicof a beautiful hymn rose on the stillevening air and floated down the quietvalley. Then their own pastor rose tolead the singing, and they all joinedin the familiar songs and choruses,singing lustily. There was a roll callnext, and as each group stood in response to the name of its own townor church, the other campers madethem welcome with a hearty round ofclapping. Then came words of greeting from the Camp director, andfinally a message from God's Word bythe white-haired preacher who hadasked the blessing at supper.

Gradually dusk had fallen, and thendarkness, and now Nancy realized whythe coats and blankets were needed atthe campfire. Although faces werenicely toasted by the fire, backs wouldbe quite chilly without a wrap of som.~kind.· ...

Once. as Nancy looked up beydn4the circle of the firelight, she sa~

something that made her catch herbreath. High above the camp ground]stretched a long ridge of mountaltt;and over the top of this ridge she sa~

a little streak of silver light appear;which. grew as she watched until sherealized it was the moon and, as itssilver disk .came slowly up over theridge, Nancy saw stand,ing out against

.it the black outlines. of four, tall pinetrees. "The Four Gospels", she whispered to herself, "Matthew, Mark,Luke and John".

The days that followed were veryhappy days. Nancy enjoyed every bitof the camp life-the Bible lessonsunder the trees in the mornings; the

sides of a cabin or two, but our groupof girls found that their quarters wereto be in the Girls Cabin, or bunkhouse, which was on the hillside abovethe center of the Camp. Nancy andher classmates were soon busy makingup their beds in the double-deckwooden bunks built along the wall(two girls to each bunk). Clean bedticking filled with sweet-smelling haymade the mattresses over which theyspread the sheets, blankets and quiltsthey each had brought from home."Isn't this fun?" cried Sally, givingNancy a hug. "Aren't you glad youcame?"

Nancy, who had been looking outthe doorway of the cabin at the mountains towering above them and listening to the lonely sound of the wind inthe trees, and of the stream dashingover the rocks in the deep canyon farbelow, was wondering whether shewas glad to be there, for a great waveof homesickness went over her as shethought how far she was from homeand her Mommie and Daddy.

There was no time to think of thatnow, however, for the silvery notes ofa bugle sounded from below and theother girls in the cabin cried, "Supper-hurry!" and started dashing downthe hill toward the dining-hall. Therethe girls found everyone lined up outside and slowly filing into the diningroom. Soon all were seated at the longtables which were covered with clean,white oilcloth, and at each place wasa shiny tin plate and tin cup. At firstthere was a hubbub of voices as friendsgreeted friends whom they had notseen since last year. Then suddenlyquiet fell on the room and all bowedtheir heads while a white-haired gentleman (whom Nanc;y later learnedwas Dr. Hanna, a minister, and oneof the Camp speakers) arose and offered thanks to God for the food andasked His blessing on the "Campfamily", who were gathered there fortheir first meal together.

The meal time was a happy time;there were jokes and' laughter, andeven song sometimes. Everyone washungry and the food was good andthere was plenty of it. The shy newcomers soon forgot to be shy and feltat home. There were boys and girls,and fathers and mothers, and someother wown-ups as well.

About an hour after supper, theyheard the sound of the bugle again."Come on", cried Sally, takingNancy's hand. "It's-time for the campfire. Let's get our coats; it'll be cold

THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN224

the big bus the next Friday morning.There were about twenty-five otherboys and girls and men and womenfrom the First Church there too, eachwith a suitcase, a roll of bedding andother camp equipment, all bound forthe "Camp of the Four GospelPines".

"Why does the Camp have thatfunny name?" asked Nancy.

"Well", replied Mrs. Cameron,"when you reach there you will see onthe top of a mountain ridge, high upabove our camp, four tall pine treesstanding side by side against the sky.Someone has named them 'the FourGospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke andJohn'. So' the Camp took its namefrom them".

How everyone enjoyed the bus rideover the smooth National Highway,through the mountains, winding upand up till they could look down onthe treetops and forests, and down thesteep canyon sides to the mountainstreams flashing in the sunshine farbelow! And then up, up again to thegreat peaks that towered above them,some white-capped with snow, andothers brown and bare far above thetimber-line of dark pines that coveredthe slopes below. At last the top of thePass was reached and there was nothing above them but the blue, summersky, while below stretched a. sea ofmountain peaks, with deep, dark valleys between. Then down, down, downthe bus wound its way on the otherside of the Pass.

Later in the afternoon they wentup and over another mountain pass,and then down into a beautiful, wide,green valley, surrounded by mountains,where they drew up at the bus depotin tl:ie little town of Indian Springs.H~e a truck and some cars met theparty to carry them and their luggagetotlIe Camp. They were soon out oftown and riding up the "Camp road",whi(;h was rather bumpy but exceedingly beautiful, winding between hills,beside a rippling stream and under thelovctl.y;silvery aspen trees, till finallyan~ suddenly-a-the camp came intoview: There they saw the large openspace-where the famous evening campfire meetings were held, and beyondwas the log dining-hall and cook-housewhich occupied the center of thecamp.

Several campers, who had arrivedearlier in the day, came running towelcome the new group. Here andthere among the. trees could be seenglimpses of white tents and the log

225

guage was defeated by one vote-i-joto 11, with a three-fourths majorityrequired-whereupon Dr. Clark wasimmediately examined in Hebrew. Hesurprised many presbyters by hisknowledge of Hebrew, and was sustained in the examination by an almostunanimous vote. He was promptlylicensed by the presbytery to preachthe gospel, and plans were made forhis ordination on August 9th at Calvary Orthodox Presbyterian Church,Willow'Grove, Pa.

The special meeting of presbyterywas held on July 7th at Mediator Orthodox Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, with an almost complete roll callof commissioners. Present were somewho rarely attend presbyterymeetings.Following the opening prayer by theRev. Calvin K. Cummings of Pittsburgh, it was moved that the call ofthe meeting be found in order. Thiswas promptly challenged on theground that special meetings arespecifically provided for in the Formof Government only in the case of anemergency. Since the regular meetingof presbytery would have .been heldonly ten days later, it was claimed thatno proper emergency could be said toexist. Those who were responsible forthe calling of the meeting defendedtheir position by declaring that manyspecial meetings had been called inthe' past eight years with less "emergency" than in the present case, andthat Dr. Clark could not, withoutconsiderable inconvenience and expense, have been present at theregular meeting on July 17th. Afterconsiderable debate, the call wasfound in order. Since the Form ofGovernment provides that if onefourth of the presbyters are dissatisfiedwith a theological examination, a written record of it may be inserted in theminutes, the question was raised as tohow this written record could besecured. By a remarkable coincidence,a court stenographer was already inattendance and the presbytery votedto employ him!

The Rev. John P. Clelland, chairman of the Committee on Candidatesand Credentials, began the examination which lasted for the ensuing threehours and covered most of the pointsupon which earlier dissatisfaction. hadbeen expressed by some presbyters,Figuring most prominently in the examination was the question of the incomprehensibility of God,and it wasprimarily on this doctrine that Dr.

DR. CLARK IS LICENSED BYPHILADELPHIA PRESBYTERY

"Oh, Mamie, are you sure you knowthe way?" exclaimed Peggy.

But Sally said decidedly, "I don'tthink we ought to start, because it'sagainst the rules to leave the campgrounds without an older person, andI think we should wait".

"I do too", added Nancy."But", Mamie argued, "I'm a lot

older than you. And besidesMr. Simpson will be back soon, and he cancatch up with us 'cause he can walkfaster than we do. There are threeladies who decided not to go to theFalls and they said they'd tell Mr.Simpson, as soon as he comes, to follow us".

Put that way, the idea sounded better and the little girls decided maybeit would be all right to go.

"But are you sure you know theway, Mamie?" they asked again.

"Sure I do!" she replied.They started their trip by scrambling

upthe steep sides ofa rocky hill, andthen began a descent into a woodedglen. They found a little path or trailthat led down among the trees andbushes, and followed it across a smallstream and started up a hilI beyond.But here the trail was not so plain; infact, they were hot sure there was anytrail at all. "Wait till we get to thetop", Mamie told them, "where thetrees are not so thick. I'm sure I canfind the trail again".

It was hard climbing up. The thickbushes and brambles caught theirclothes and scratched their arms andfaces, 'and the loose dirt and pebblesand gravel slid under their feet so theyhad to cling to the bushes to keepfrom sliding back down the hill again.At last they gained the top of a narrowridge and rested while Mamie lookedaround Ito get her bearings. .

(To be concluded ,in the next issue)

.BY A vote of 34 to 10 (a majorityvote only was required) the

Presbytery of Philadelphia of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church approvedthe theological examination of RulingElder Gordon H. Clark, Ph.D., andby a vote of '32 to 10 (with threefourths here needed) waived the requirement of ~o years of.formal th~ological education. A motion to Waivethe examination in the Hebrew Ian-

THE PRE 5 BY T E.R I AN G U A R D I A N1944

hikes and swimming and other funin the afternoons; and especially thecampfire in the evenings.

Nancy was hiding many treasuresfrom God's Word in her heart duringthese happy days. One favorite versethat she had learned was Proverbs3:5, 6, "Trust in the Lord with allthine heart and lean not unto thineown understanding. In all thy waysacknowledge him, and he shall directthy paths"..

She made many new friends amongthe other children and with 'the olderpeople as well. And there were fourother friends that she had come tolove also--the Four Gospel Pines,which seemed so like sentinels standing guard over the Camp from theirpost on high. They could be seen, itseemed, from any direction, and oncewhen some of the children and a fewgrown-ups were returning from a walkand were confused as to the directionto take, they caught sight of the FourPines and so they knew which was theright way back to camp.

Nancy said to Mrs. Cameron, asthey walked back that day, "I love toread the Gospels because they tel'about Jesus, and I love Him".

"Yes", replied Mrs. Cameron, "theGospels point us to Him who is theway home to heaven".

"And", added Nancy, "the FourGospel Pines have shown us the wayhome to camp".

One afternoon a trip to the Fallsand a picnic, supper there had beenplanned. A few of the older peoplewere to drive up by the road in cars,but all the younger ones planned tohike, either "hopping rocks" up thecreek or climbing over the mountain.Each group was to be under the careof an experienced leader. The youngman who was to be in charge of thelittle group of which our girls-Nancyand Sally and another little girl, PeggyWakefield-were members" was delayed. Some of their group had goneon with others, but these little girlsstill waited, till at last all the otherhikers had left the camp and theybegan to wonder if they were to beleft behind altogether. As they stoodfeeling very disappointed and forlorn,a girl named Mamie Rodgers, who wastwo or three years older than they,came running up to them.

"Say, you kids, it's a shame youwere left behind! Mr. Simpson hasn'tcome back from town yet. I'll take youover the mountain. I know the way'cause I went over last year".

'.~-

.'1

July 25

ARTICLE II

, Basis, Purpose, DeclarationI. Basis

A. The supreme standard of the Association shall be the Scriptures of the Oldand New Testament as being the Wordof God, the only infallible rule of faithand practice.

B. The Association also adopts as standaids, subordinate to the Word of God, theBelgic Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, and the Canons of Dort, approvedor formulated by the Synod of Dort, andthe Confession of Faith, the Larger Catechism and the Shorter Catechism, formulated by the Westminster Assembly, assetting forth the system of truth taught inthe Holy Scriptures.2. Purpose

The purpose of the Association shall bethe establishment of a university maintaining high standardsof scholarship, foundedupon and adhering to the Christian systemof truth and way of life as set forth in theReformed, or Calvinistic, standards referred to in Article II section 1. Theinstitution shall provide training and conduct .research through competent Christian scholars whose intelligent understanding of, and devotion to, the Christianfaith will supply the true basis for, and

cure a site for the new university. Thecommittee consists of Dr. Ned B.Stonehouse; the Rev. Messrs. EdwinH. Rian, Nicholas J. Monsma, andJohannes G. Vos; Professors JohnMurray, H. J. Van Andel, andThomas E. Welmers; Dr. W. Stanford Reid; and Mr. Glenn A.Andreas. Officersof the Board of Trustees are: Dr. Stonehouse, President;Mr. Monsma, Vice-President; Mr.Rian, Secretary; and Mr. Vos, Treasurer.

The constitution of the ChristianUniversity Association is as follows:

PREAMBLE

Inasmuch as the sovereign Triune Godbids man everywhere to think His thoughtsafter Him, to exercise dominion over allthings according to His will, and to consecrate themselves and all things untoHim, we are bound to obey this divinecommand. Therefore, since education today is largely controlled by anti-Christianphilosophies, we, in pursuance of the divine mandate, do establish a UniversityAssociation, which shall be Christian incharacter according to the Reformed orCalvinistic conception of Christianity, andwhich shall, as soon as it is practicable,establish an institution of higher learningin which the above described mandate isto be carried into effect, according to theprinciples and provisions herewith setforth.

ARTICLE I

NameThe name of this organization shall be

The Christian University Association ofAmerica.

GIFTS for the furtheranceof the work of the Chris

tian University Associationshould be sent to the Association at: Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia 18.1 Pa.

arrangement was only temporary, thatDr. Clark was "heart and soul in TheOrthodox Presbyterian Church" andhad no intention of leaving it. Themotion to ordain was passed withoutrecord vote, but with a number ofcommissioners voting "no".

At the ordination service on August9th, the moderator, the Rev. FranklinS. Dyrness of Quarryville, Pa., willpreside; the sermon will be deliveredby the Rev. Floyd E. Hamilton ofPhiladelphia; and the charge to theminister will be delivered by the Rev.CliffordS. Smith of Bridgeton, N. J.,who was invited by the presbytery totake part in the program.

AT Grand Rapids, Michigan, .. onJUBe 28th and 29th, the Christian

University Association o~ America wasformed by a committee of prominentministers and laymen who had· previously organized for the purpose ofbringing such an association into existence. The new Association bringsone step closer the founding of aChristian university which shall uphold the Bible as its supreme standardand the Reformed confessions as subordinate standards, and which shallmaintain in conjunction with these aleading position of scholarship.

The Christian University will befree from denominational control andwill have no connection with anyother existing institution. It will begoverned by a Board of Trustees, consisting of thirty-three members electedby the Association. The present boardincludes men from the following denominations: Orthodox Presbyterian,Christian Reformed, PresbyterianChurch in the U.S; PresbyterianChurch in Canada;. Reformed Episcopal, Reformed Church in America,and Reformed Presbyterian.

An executive committee of nine hasbeen selected and given power to se-'

CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITYASSOCIATION IS FORMED

THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN

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Clark still failed to satisfy a minorityof the commissioners. Also unsatisfactory to some presbyters was Dr.Clark's declaration with respect to theoffer of salvation.

After many speeches both for andagainst the sustaining of the theological examination, the vote showedthat slightly more than three-fourthswere in favor of sustaining. The remaining questions of the waiver ofthe requirements of formal theologicaleducation and the Hebrew examination were disposed of with relativealacrity, and the whole meeting lastedabout five and a half hours.. The Hebrew examination providedthe surprise of the afternoon. Dr. Clarktold the presbytery that he had had ayear of Hebrew study about twentyyears ago, but that he did not professto know the language. After Mr. Clelland had sought in vain to have oneof several commissioners conduct theexamination, it was finally conductedbv Dr. Robert Strong of WillowGrove. While the examination wasbrief and hardly thorough, Dr. Clarkshowed a far greater knowledge thanhis modest disclaimers had indicated,and the presbytery passed him withlittle debate.

After licensure, when the motion toadopt plans for Dr. Clark's ordinationwas made, it was revealed that he expects to teach this year at the Reformed Episcopal Theological Seminary, Philadelphia.. Objection wasvoiced to granting Orthodox Presbyterian ordination for the purpose ofteaching in a seminary controlled bya denomination affiliated with theFederal Council of Churches and practicing an unpresbyterian form of gov-

I ernment. Dr. Clark pointed out thathe was required to take no vows andmake no commitments in connectionwith his teaching appointment, andother commissioners declared that the

227

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ARTICLE IVThe Association

1. All who agree with the doctrinalstandards and approve the design of theAssociation as expressed. in the constitution may, upon application to the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, and uponthe payment of not less than five dollarsper year to the Treasurer of the Board,be approved as members of the Association. Members are entitled to vote for theelection of members of the Board of Trustees, to vote at all Association meetingsand to receive free copies of all literature.issued by the Association.

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"I hereby solemnly declare in thepresence of God and of this Board (1)that I believe the Scriptures of the Oldand New Testaments to be the Wordof God, the only infallible rule of faithand practice, (2) that I smcerely receiveand adopt the Belgic Confession, theHeidelberg Catechism, the Canons ofDort, the Westminster Confession ofFaith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms as setting forth the system oftruth taught in the Holy Scriptures; (3)that I approve the constitution of theChristian University Association, willfaithfully endeavor. to carry into effectthe articles and provisions of said constitution, and will seek to promote the

.great design of the Association".2. At least three months before the ex

piration of the terms of each class of theBoard of Trustees, the Board shall presentto the regular membership of the Association nominations, approved by a twothirds vote of the Board, to fill these )vacancies". 'the election shall take placethrough individual ballots sent to everymember of the Association at least onemonth in advance of the date of election.The eleven nominees receiving the highestnumber of votes shall be declared elected.

3. The Board shall fill by a two-thirdsvote any vacancy caused by the death or,resignation of any member during his termof service. A member chosen in this wayshall serve until the expiration of the termof service of the member whom he replaces.

4. The Board shall have the power bya two-thirds vote of its entire membershipto remove for cause any member of theBoard.

5. The Board shall meet at least twiceeach year in the Fall and in the Spring.Eleven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.

6. The Board shall draw up and adoptthe constitution under which it shall govern the University. The constitution of theUniversity shall be consonant in everyrespect with the constitution of the Association' and shall incorporate the Basis,Purpose and Declaration of said constitution.

7. The Board may make rules and regulations not inconsistent with the prescriptionsof this constitution for the performance of its duties.

8. The Board shall choose annually aPresident, a Vice-President, a Secretary,and a Treasurer.

9. When an emergency requires, thePresident, or, in the event of his death,absence, or inability to act, the VicePresident, shall, at the request of any threemembers, expressed to him in writing,call a special meeting of the Board, by acircular letter, addressed to each; in whichletter notice shall be given, not only of theplace and time of meeting, but of thebusiness intended to be transacted atthe meeting specified; and this letter shallbe sent at least ten days before the timeof said meeting.

T H EP R E~B Y T E.R I AN GUARDIAN1944

the proper integration of, knowledge inthe various fields of learning. Throughsuch training and research it will endeavorto equip men and women to bring theChristian faith in all its elements andimplications effectually to bear upon thewhole of life and upon every sphere ofhuman vocation.3. Declaration

In accordance with the position set forthin the Basis and in pursuance of the design set forth 'in the Purpose, the Association declares as follows:

.The standpoint of the Association isthat of consistent Christian theism. TheTriune GOd and He alone is self-existentand self-sufficient. He is the Creator andSustainer of the entire universe. Of Himand through Him and to Him are allthings. He is the source of all truth.Hence the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. All true knowledge inmen is based upon, and is oriented to, therevelation God has been pleased to give of _His mind and will. God has left the imprints of His glory upon all His works increation and providence. But because ofthe fall of man and his consequent depravity, man is in need of a knowledge toenable him to glorify God as Lord andSaviour which the revelation of God innature does not provide. The special andcompleted revelation of His mind and will,adequate to meet this need of fallen man,God has deposited in the Holy Scriptures,His infallible Word; It follows that, eventhough in virtue of creation in the imageof God and the non-saving operations ofthe Holy Spirit, men receive knowledge,in a certain sense, apart from the illumination derived from the Scriptures, yet inany department of reality knowledge istrue in the fullest sense only if it is illumined by, and is faithful to, the HolyScriptures, the inspired Word of truth.

An institution of higher learning thatwill have as its objective the knowledgeof the truth and the glory of God mustinsure that the principles that underlieand guide the studies in every departmentshall be derived from the Scriptures. Eachdepartment of the institution to be established and promoted by this Association,therefore, shall rest upon, and conduct itswork in accordance with, the presuypositions of the Christian faith and shal subject its whole procedure as well as itsconclusions to the scrutiny and directionof the full-orbed revelation of God in theScriptures of the Old and New Testaments.

ARTICLE IU

The Trustees of the Association1. The management of the Association

and of the University shall be vested ina single Board of Trustees consisting ofthirty-three members of the Association.The said Board shall be divided into threeclasses, with eleven members in each class.Each member shall be elected for a termof three years, and shall, in assuming office,subscribe in writing to the followingpledge:

July 25. 1944

NEW JERSEY PRESBYTERIALHEARS TALK BY MRS. DUFF

O N JUNE 13th a meeting of theWomen's Presbyterial of South

Jersey was held at Faith OrthodoxPresbyterian Church, Pittsgrove, N. J.A total of forty-two delegates werepresent, representing the churches atVineland, Bridgeton, West Collingswood, Wildwood and Pittsgrove. Newofficers were elected for the comingyear, and the host church extended awarm welcome to the entire organization; Devotional exercises wereled bya member of the Pittsgrove church,and Mrs. Everett C. DeVelde of Vineland gave an instructive and inspiringlesson, aided by flannelgraph material.

The address of the day was delivered by Mrs. Clarence W. Duff,who told of the work now being carried on by Mr. Duff as an OrthodoxPresbyterian missionary in Eritrea. Shealso read some interesting letters fromthe field, and told of her delight inthe news that she and her childrenmay soon be able to join Mr. Duff inthe work.

The fall meeting of the presbyterialwill be held at Immanuel Church,West Collingswood.

America and the Dominion of Canadawill be defined. by the Board of Trusteesso that in those districts members of theAssociation may form themselves into localorganizations for the purpose of promotingthe great design of the Association.

ARTrCLE vAmendments

The constitution may be amended by amajority of all votes cast by the membership of the Association, except that Articles II, III sections two and three andArticle V may be amended only by a twothirds majority of all votes cast. Amendments, before they are presented to themembership of the Association for action,must be approved by the Board of Trustees, and no amendment to Articles II,III sections two and three and Article Vshall be presented to the Association except by a three-fourths vote of the Boardof Trustees at a regular meeting, noticeof the proposed amendment having beengiven at the preceding regular meetingof the Board. The presentation of anyamendment must be made to the membership of the Association in writing at leastone month prior to the time at which thevote upon the proposed amendment is tobe taken.

9876

2. All who approve the design of theAssociation as expressed in the constitution may, upon application to the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, and uponthe payment of not less than two dollarsper year to the Treasurer of the Board,become auxiliary members of the Association. Auxiliary members shall be entitledto attend, but not to vote at, all Association meetings. They shall also receive freecopies of all literature issued by the Association.

3. The Association shall meet once eachyear at the call of the Board of Trustees.At this annual meeting the Board shallmake a report of its work to the Association. All actions taken at the meetingpertaining to the work of the Association,shall be presented to the Board in theform of recommendations.

4. At each meeting the Association shallelect a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman and aSecretary to function at that meeting.

,. Districts in the United States of

*54


*3*21

I. Studies in Theology *5. Calvin and Calvinism

*2. Biblical Doctrines 6. Tertullian and Augustine

*3. Chr~stolo9Y and Criticism 7. Critical Reviews

4. The Westminster Assembly8. Perfectionism, Volume 1

and its Work 9. Perfectionism, Volume 2

to Christ

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The'Witness of

MATTHEW and MARK

228

By NED BERNARD STONEHOUSE. ThoD.

This new book by the Professor of HewTestament in WeswlnBter Theoloqlca1 Seminary belonqs in the library of every seriousstudent of the Word of God. It provides abroad survey of the contenlB of the first two908pels. and deals with many of the most important questions of interpretation ralBed bymodem liberal criticiBm. Order your copytoday.

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