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February 4th
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS (MKM411)
Dr. M. Sharifpur
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
University of Pretoria
2014
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General InformationStudy Guide ClickUP
My consulting (office) hours:Mondays; 12:30-13:30
Tuesdays; 12:00-13:00
or any other time by booking an appointment
Calculation of Semester Mark:
Semester test 1 35%
Semester test 2 35%Assignments 20% Randomly selected questions
Unannounced class tests 10% one will be dropped
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Practical Sessions for the CourseOn the timetable;
Mondays; 10:30 to 12:30 (Eng III4)
Lecturesand Assignments will be posted on clickUP on Fridays
Examples are within thelectures while we have Unannouncedclass tests.
On Mondays, from 10:30 to 11:30 , two Teaching Assistants willbe available for your queries about assignment.
Instead of Practical , CFD Software Training Courses(ANSYS-FLUENT, STAR CCM+ and FLoEFD)
The Schedule will be announced
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Semester Project
(ANSYS-FLUENT, STAR CCM+ or FLoEFD)
The project markwill notbe involved in the
semester or final mark, but ECSA outcome.
Achieving 50% of the assessment matrix for ECSA
exit level outcome 5 is oneof the requirements in
order to passthe course.
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Assessment matrix for ECSA exit level outcome 5
Description Reference
Able to apply verification and validation to
an engineering problem
Homework
(20%)
Able to list and apply the various
steps in a computational fluid
dynamics simulation
Semester tests
(20%)
Able to analysis, solve and post processing
an engineering problem using acommercial computational fluid dynamics
package
Semester Project
(60%)
Mark50
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Prescribed text books
An introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:
The Finite Volume Method,
Versteeg, H.K. and Malalasekera, W., 2007
Heat and Mass Transfer: fundamentals &
applications (SI Unit),
engel, Yunus A.;Ghajar, Afshin J.
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Lecture and module structureCOMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
Conservation laws, Initial and Boundary Conditions
MKM320, MTV310
Finite Difference Method (FDM)Finite Volume Method (FVM)
CFD Software Training Courses
(ANSYS-FLUENT, STAR CCM+ and FLoEFD)
Any questions about the course?
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Why Continuum Mechanics?
The subject of mechanicsdeals with the study of
motion and forces in solids, liquids and gases
by simplifying assumption , for analysispurposes, that the matter is distributed
continuously, without gapsor empty spaces.
Whydo we need to assume matter is distributed
continuously foranalysis purposes?
Continuum Mechanics;
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For analysiswe need to formulatewith
mathematics
A problem/idea which you can't formulate withmathematicsis useless!How can you make predictionswith it if you cant formulateit ?
How can youtest an idea if you can't make predictions?
In Engineering and Science
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M=?
Example (example 1-10, Fluid Mechanics by White)
A=r
THERMOFLUIDS MTV310
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Therefore, we already assumed
that the matter is distributed
continuously, without gapsor
empty spaces in differentcourses
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Predictions
If we formulate a fact we can predictfor different conditions
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Even in two-phase flow we can assume Continuous
Media,but by applying a conversion factor
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Computers and Humans
"Computersare incredibly fast,accurate, and stupid;
humansare incredibly slow,
inaccurateand brilliant;togetherthey are powerful
beyond imagination."
1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for photoelectric effect. In 1999 Einstein
was named Timemagazine's "Person of the Century", and a poll of
prominent physicists named him the greatest physicist of all time.
h d l bl ?
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First order linear differential equation
Exact Analytical Solution;
Example;
Simple
Engineering
Problem
Problem
Solution
t is a variable
Analytical Solution
When do we use computer to solve an Engineering problem?
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Complex
EngineeringProblem
Problem
Solution
1- Approximate Solution
2-Numerical Solution
When do we use computer to solve an Engineering problem?
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)(
)),((
i
i
TT
TtxT
2
2
1T T
x t
2
2
X
L
xX
For example; One-dimensional transient heat conduction (and no
heat generation)
After changing the variables tonon-dimensional form
t
Tce
z
Tk
zy
Tk
yx
Tk
x gen
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2
1
4sin cos2 sin 2
nnn
n n n
e X
General Solution for
2
2
X
chL
Bi k
A set of solution
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ComplexEngineering
Problem
Problem
Solution
Approximate SolutionOR
Numerical Solution
t
Tce
z
Tk
zy
Tk
yx
Tk
x gen
What about Three-dimensional transient heat conduction with heat
generation
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Wrong Info
Wrong Initial & BC
Wrong Output
The important issue is:The problem The answer
Did you solve theright problem?
Numerical Solution
Programing (writing a code)
Using Software
OR
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Engineering
Problem
Finding;
- Governing (Differential) Equations
- Initial & Boundary Conditions
Therefore, we must find the Governing Differential Equations,
After that, Simplifying the Governing Differential Equations
regarding the physics of problem
and also choosing right Initial & Boundary Conditions
-Analytical Solution
-Numerical Solution (Programing)
- Using a Software
Mathematics Review
Continuum Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
Heat Transfer
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Mathematics ReviewHow many Derivatives do we have?
Partial Derivative
Material Derivative
Lagrangian DerivativeEulerian Derivative
Substantial Derivative
Total Derivative
Particle Derivative
What are the differences between them?
t
U
dt
dU
Dt
DU
?
?
dt
dU
or
Dt
DU