Tema 1: Am/is/are> afirmacion y negacion interrogativaIamIm I am not Im not Am IHehes He He isnt He Sheisshes She is not She inst Is SheItits It It isnt ItWe were we We arent WeYou areyoure you are not You arent Are YouTheytheyre they They arent TheyAm/is/are son formas del presente del verbo be -> ser estar.Es necesario usar los pronombres personales -> I/He/She/It.Thats theres heres*Thats very kind of you -> es muy amable*Heres my keysOtras formas interrogativas comunes:Where..? What..? How? Why?*where is your mother? *how much are these postcards?*whats the time*whos that man? En ingls se usa con frecuencia las respuestas breves*Are you angry? -> Yes, I amAlgunas expresiones con Be corresponden a formas del espaol con tener

Tengo fro/calor*Im hot. Can I open the window? -> Tengo calor, puedo abrir la ventana?*Are yo cold? No Im OK -> tienes fro? No, estoy bienTengo hambre/sed*Im not hungry -> No tengo hambre*the children are thirsty -> Los nios tienen sedTengo razn*You are always right -> Siempre tienes raznTengo miedo*Why is John afraid of dogs? -> Por qu John tiene miedo de los perros?Tengo prisa*Are you in a hurry? -> Tienes prisa?Para decir la edad*Im 23 years old -> tengo 23 aos*How old are you? -> cuntos aos tienes? Hay otras formas diferentes del ingls al espaolMe interesa*Im interested in politics -> me interesa la poltica.*Jenny isnt very interested in music -> A Jenny no le interesa la msica.Llegar tarde*sorry Im late -> lo siento, llego tarde*Why are you late? -> Por qu llegas tarde?Duerme/ est dormido*Joe is in bed. Hes asleep -> duerme/ est durmiendoHace calor/fro/sol/buen da*Its sunny but it isnt very hot -> hace sol, pero no hace calor*Is it cold? -> Hace calor? Tema 2: PRESENT CONTINUOusAm/is/are + verbo-ing: es un hecho o una accin en curso, tambin para planes de futuro muy seguros.I am (not) -ing am IHe HeShe is (not) -ing Is SheIt It -ingWe WeYou are (not) -ing are YouThey they Who/where/why + Am/is /are + verbo-ing?*Im working -> estoy trabajando*Is it rainning? -> est lloviendo?*Were having dinner now -> nosotros estamos cenando Del ingls al espaol hay casos diferentes:*They are sitting -> estn sentados*Shes standing -> ella est de pie*Brians lying in the sun -> Brian est tumbado al solHay ciertos verbos que al aadir ing cambian su forma:*Para los verbos que terminan con la letra e, se cambia la ltima letra por el gerundio "ing"Drive -< driving come -< comingWrite -< writing move -< movingLive -< living dance -< dancing*Para los verbos que tienen solo una vocal y terminan en consonante, se debe repetir o duplicar la ltima consonante, seguido despus de un "ing"Dig -< digging Plan -< planningSwim -< swimming Sit -< sittingWin -< winning Cut -< cutting*La duplicacin de consonantes tambin depende de la slaba tnica (Slaba que se pronuncia con mayor intensidad). Por lo tanto podemos duplicar el ltimo consonante de un verbo siempre y cuando la slaba tnica del verbo (monoslabo o no) se encuentre al final.prefer < preferring happen -< happeningbegin < beginning listen -< listeningforget -< forgetting*Los verbos que terminan en ie, son cambiados por "y" seguido por "ing"Die -< dyingLie -< lying*Para los verbos que terminan en una vocal seguida de una doble consonante o una doble vocal seguida de una consonante, aadimos "ing"Cook -< cooking Think -< thinking Sleep -< sleepingWait -< waiting Work -< workingCount -< counting Eat -< eating

Tema 3: present simpleSe usa para expresar acciones o cosas que son verdades, o bien que ocurren con cierta frecuencia.I/We/you/they + verboHe/She/It + verbo-s * My brother Works in a bankPara el verbo have -> He/She/It -> hasOrtografa s en los verbos =< destrs de s/-ch/-sh: pass-> passes finish-> finishes watch-> watches-es =< destrs de Y: study-> studies carry-< carries =< detrs de o: do-> does go-> goesEl presente simple se usa con always/ never / often / sometimes / usually*I usually go to work by car but I sometimes walk *julia never eats breakfastNegacin:I We * I dont drink teaYou dont verbo inf *she doesnt know many peopleTheyHe/she/it doesnt

Interrogacin: do/does + sujeto + verbo infinitivo?

WhereHow often what How much do

doesI/we/you/they

She/He/ItVerbo infinitivo ???

Posicin de always/usually/often:WhatDoDoesDoyouChrisyoualwaysoftenusuallyhaveplaydo breakfast?tennis??

COMPARANDO: PRESENT CONTINUOus Y PRESENT SIMPLE

Presente continuo: expresa algo que est ocurriendo ahora

pasado Ahora Futuro

presente simple: expresa algo que corre habitualmente o con cierta frecuencia

pasado Ahora Futuro

No uses los siguientes verbos en presente continuo: Like Love Want Know Understand Remember DependPrefer Hate Need Mean Believe Forget

Tema 4: I have / Ive got=tengoI I Ive gotWe have We have got Weve gotYou You Youve gotThey They Theyve gotHe/She/It -> has He/She/It -> has got Hes got

*Ive got blue eyes I have blue eyes -> tengo los ojos azules

I I?We Havent have We?You got You? gotThey They?He/She/It -> hasnt has -> He/She/It?

*What kind of car has she got? -> Qu tipo de coche tiene?*Its a nice house but it hasnt got gardenTambin puede ser: I dont have/ do you have? Tanto has como is se contraen en s *Its a small flat but its got a nice view

Tema 5: was/were

Am/is (presente) -> was (pasado) Are (presente) -> Were (pasado)

I I I?He/She/It was He/She/It wasnt Was He/She/It?

We We We?You were You werent Were You?They They They?

*My sister was in Paris las weekend*Why were you angry?

En algunas expresiones was/were puede corresponder a tena/tenamos hizo:*When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs*Last year she was 22*Was the weather good?

Tema 6: past simple,worked/got/went

Al verbo (regular) se le aade edWork-> worked clean -> cleaned start -> startedStay -> stayed arrive -> arrived dance -> dancedTry -> tried study -> studied copy -> copiedStop -> stopped plan -> plannedSlo pronunciamos la E- despus de una t d

I/we/you/they Verbo-edHe/she/it

Negacin InterrogacinI I We did not weYou didnt + verbo (inf) did you + verbo (inf)?They theyHe/she/it he/she/it

-I didnt watch television yesterday -> Yo no vi la television ayer-Did she go away last week? -> se fu ella de viaje la semana pasada?-Did you do the shopping? -> hicistes las compras?

beWas/werebeenSer estar

arisearosearisensurgir

awakeawokeawokendespertar(se)

bearborebornesoportar

beatbeatbeatengolpear

becomebecamebecomeconvertirse en

beginbeganbegunempezar

bendbentbentdoblar(se)

betbetbetapostar

bidbidbidpujar

bindboundboundencuadernar

bitebitbittenmorder

bleedbledbledsangrar

blowblewblownsoplar

breakbrokebrokenromper

breedbredbredcriar

bringbroughtbroughttraer

buildbuiltbuiltconstruir

burnburntburntquemar(se)

burstburstburstestallar

buyboughtboughtcomprar

cancouldcouldpoder

castcastcasttirar

catchcaughtcaughtcoger

choosechosechosenelegir

clingclungclungaferrarse

comecamecomevenir

costcostcostcostar

creepcreptcreptarrastrar

cutcutcutcortar

dealdealtdealttratar

digdugdugcavar

dodiddonehacer

drawdrewdrawndibujar

dreamdreamtdreamtsoar

drinkdrankdrunkbeber

drivedrovedrivenconducir

eatateeatencomer

fallfellfallencaer(se)

feedfedfedalimentar

feelfeltfeltsentirse

fightfoughtfoughtpelearse

findfoundfoundencontrar

fleefledfledhuir

flyflewflownvolar

forbidforbadeforbiddenprohibir

forgetforgotforgottenolvidar(se)

forgiveforgaveforgivenperdonar

freezefrozefrozenhelar(se)

getgotgotconseguir

givegavegivendar

gowentgoneirse

grindgroundgroundmoler

growgrewgrowncrecer

hanghunghungcolgar

havehadhadhaber, tener

hearheardheardescuchar

hidehidhiddenesconder(se)

hithithitgolpear

holdheldheldagarrar(se)

hurthurthurthacer dao

keepkeptkeptguardar

kneelkneltkneltarrodillarse

knowknewknownsaber, conocer

laylaidlaidponer

leadledledllevar

leanleantleantapoyarse

leapleaptleaptbrincar

learnlearntlearntaprender

leaveleftleftdejar

lendlentlentprestar

letletletpermitir

lielaylainecharse

lightlitlitencender(se)

loselostlostperder

makemademadehacer

meanmeantmeantsignificar

meetmetmetencontrar(se)

mustHad toHad todeber

overcomeovercameovercomevencer

paypaidpaidpagar

putputputponer

readreadreadleer

rideroderiddenmontar

ringrangrungsonar

riseroserisenlevantarse

runranruncorrer

sawsawedsawnserrar

saysaidsaiddecir

seesawseenver

seeksoughtsoughtbuscar

sellsoldsoldvender(se)

sendsentsentenviar

setsetsetponer

sewsewedsewncoser

shakeshookshakenagitar

shearshearedshornesquilar

shineshoneshonebrillar

shootshotshotdisparar

showshowedshownmostrar

shrinkshrankshrunkencoger(se)

shutshutshutcerrar(se)

singsangsungcantar

sinksanksunkhundir(se)

sitsatsatsentar(se)

sleepsleptsleptdormir

slideslidslidresbalar

smellsmeltsmeltoler

sowsowedsownsembrar

speakspokespokenhablar

speedspedspedacelerar

spellspeltspeltdeletrear

spendspentspentpasar, gastar

spillspiltspiltderramar

spitspatspatescupir

splitsplitsplithender

spoilspoiltspoiltestropear(se)

spreadspreadspreadextender(se)

standstoodstoodestar de pie

stealstolestolenrobar

stickstuckstuckpegar(se)

stingstungstungpicar

stinkstankstunkapestar

strikestruckstruckgolpear

strivestrovestrivenesforzarse

swearsworeswornjurar

swellswelledSwollen/edHinchar(se)

sweepsweptsweptbarrer

swimswamswumnadar

swingswungswungbalancear(se)

taketooktakentomar(se)

teachtaughttaughtensear

teartoretornromper(se)

telltoldtoldcontar, decir

thinkthoughtthoughtpensar

throwthrewthrownlanzar

treadtrodtroddenpisar

undergounderwentundergonesufrir

understandunderstoodunderstoodentender

upsetupsetupsetafligir

wakewokewokendespertar(se)

wearworewornllevar (puesto)

weavewovewoventejer

weepweptweptllorar

winwonwonganar

windwoundwoundenrollar

withdrawwithdrewwithdrawnretirar(se)

wringwrungwrungtorcer

writewrotewrittenescribir

TEMA 7: past continuous

Was/Were + verbo-ing: para expresar lo que ocurra o estaba ocurriendo en el pasado.

Afirmacin Negacin InterrogacinI I I

She/he/it was She/he/it wasnt Was She/he/itWe V-ing We V-ing We V-ing Were were You werent Were YouThey They They

*what were you doing at 11.30 yesterday?*what did he say? , I dont know, I wasnt listening.We use the P.C to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted-I was studying when she called P.C Conexin P.S While

Tema8: present perfect: I have done

Have + participio pasadoWe use the P.P to say that an action happened or an unspecified time before now the exact time is not important.We dont use specific time expressions yesterday, one year ago, last week We can use the P.P with unspecific time expressions: ever, many, never, times, already IWe Have (ve) VerboYou havent + ParticipioThey PasadoHe/She/It has (s) hasnt

I have seen that films twenty times There have been many earthquake in California I havent eaten snails before Have you ever been to Australia? Changes over time You daughter has grown a lot since last year, now she is taller than meAccomplishments (logros) Humans have walked on the moonHave you ever?Ever (anytime in your life until now) Have you ever been to London? No, Ive (have) never been to London.

Diferencia entre: I have been/ I have gone Been -> has ido y has vueltoGone -> an no has vuelto.

Just already still yet

Ive just -> pasado inmediato -> acabar de They have just arrived He has just gone Already -> Si,ya (antes de lo esperado), para decir que algo ya ha ocurrido. Se coloca entre el auxiliar y el verbo. John, this is Mary Yes, I know. We have already metYet -> En frases negaticas => notyet: an, todava, se coloca al final de la frase They havent arrived yet

-> En frases interrogativas => yet? ya? Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?Still -> Para decir que algo todava no ha ocurrido, se coloca antes del auxiliar I still havent visited London I am still studying at schoolStill not, es ms sobre el pasado y Not yet sbre el futuro.

Tema 9: for since agoUsamos for y since -> para decir cunto tiempoFor => Seala cunto tiempo dura una accin. Introduce un perodo de tiempo (three days / two years/ weeks/ an hour/ a long time) Weve been waiting for two hours Since => Introduce el comienzo de la accin, equivale a desde. (Monday/ 1987/ 24 july/ Winter) Richard has been in Canada since JanuaryAgo => Corresponde a hace en espaol Three days ago hace 3 das An hour ago hace una horaEn ejercicios de Presente perfecto pasado simple: Cuando una frase empieza por when o what time se usa el pasado simple. Cuando un periodo ya ha terminado (last week, yestarday) se usa el pasado simple.18