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ENG 102 1PM
Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence EffectivelyDefinition Essay Example Discussion
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TO GET US STARTED On a sheet of notebook paper Write your name Would you rather
Read the novelRead sparknotes about the novel
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ENG 102Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively
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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY
Sufficiency Typicality Accuracy Relevance
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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY
Sufficiency The more contested a claim or the more an
audience is skeptical, the more evidence isneeded
Dont make argument overly long and tediouswith too much evidence
Word your claim so that audience supports it
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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY
Typicality Evidence should be typical and representative
rather than an extreme instance
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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY
Accuracy Evidence cant be used ethically unless it is
accurate and up-to-date Evidence cant be persuasive unless the
audience believes in the writers credibility(ethos)
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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY
Relevance Argument: I deserve an A because I worked
exceptionally hard. Provides evidence of how hard he worked, but
not why he deserves an A.
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KINDS OF EVIDENCEData from Personal experience
Insufficient (hasty generalization), not typical, notadequately scientific or verifiable Observation/field research
Flaws in how observations were conducted, showinghow data are insufficient, inaccurate, or nontypical Interviews, questionnaires, surveys
Raise doubts about research methodology,questionnaire design, or typicality of interview subjects Library or internet research
Raise doubts about sufficiency, typicality, or relevance
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KINDS OF EVIDENCE Testimony
Question credentials of source, show sources bias, orquotes a countersource Statistical data
Question methods, research design, interpretation ofdata Hypothetical examples, cases, & scenarios
Show implausibility of scenario or offer an alternativescenario
Reasoned sequence of ideas Point to different values or outline differentconsequences
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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What personal experiences have you had with thisissue? What details from your life or the lives of yourfriends, acquaintances, or relatives might serve asexamples or other kinds of evidence? What observational studies would be relevant to thisissue? What people could you interview to provide insights orexpert knowledge on this issue? What questions about your issue could be addressed ina survey or questionnaire? What useful information on this issue mightencyclopedias, specialized reference books, or theregular book collection in your university library provide?
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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What evidence might you seek on this issueusing licensed database indexing sources for
magazines, newspapers, and scholarlyjournals?
How might an Internet search engine help youresearch this issue?
What evidence might you find on this issuefrom reliable statistical resources such as USCensus Bureau data, the Centers for DiseaseControl, or Statistical Abstract of the US?
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DEFINITION ESSAY EXAMPLE DISCUSSION
Each group will have 3 essays. Read the essays. Answer the peer review questions for eachessay (you will have to write on a separate
piece of paper). Rank the essays from best to worst and explain
why.
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FOR WEDNESDAY Definition Essay Rough Draft Read Hacker Chapters 8 & 36 Read Ramage Chapter 6 & answer the
following questions.1. How can one create effective ethos?2. How can effective pathos be created?3. What is kairos?