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BASICSHIP TYPES

A study of the basic ship types used for

carriage of cargo.

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SHIP TYPES ACCORDING TO

TYPE OF SUPPORT

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TYPES COVERED IN DETAIL

general cargo vessels

container carriers

bulk carriers

liquid cargo ships such as crude oil tankers

and product carriers

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GENERAL CARGO SHIP

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General Cargo ships

Sometimes called general purpose ships

The earliest type of ships

Only with greater cargo volumes do other

ship types appear, specialising in differentcargoes

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General Cargo ships

General description

general cargo refers to its ability to carry a variety ofcommodities

They are carried in a variety of forms, such as sacks,boxes, pallets, or even in containers. Designated

holds can also contain bulk or refrigerated cargoes. Cargo liners are general cargo ships engaged in

international trade between specific ports and onregular schedules.

Tramp ships have no set trade route or schedule butplies between ports all over the world, picking up anddischarging cargo along the route. Usually they arefitted with cargo handling gears of higher capacity.

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Inside the cargo hold

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Bales

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Bags

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Tramp ship with huge cranes

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Features of general cargo ships

Speed is usually at about 12-18 knots.

Adequate space to carry the cargo and facilities for

handling the cargo are two important factors.

The machinery is usually placed one compartmentforward of the aft hold.

Access to the cargo spaces is through hatchways

(large openings in the deck) and these must have

coverings (hatch covers).

Provision for loading and unloading cargo and this

consists of derricks or cranes.

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Cargo Hold, Hatch, Hatch Cover

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Large hold for stowage of cargo

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Main Engine of ship

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Machinery space before aft hold

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General Cargo ship with Derricks

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Cargo Derrick

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General Cargo ship with Cranes

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Features of general cargo ships

contd

Space for the carriage of water ballast (to

cause the ship to immerse more in the water)

are the fore and aft peak tanks

Double bottom tanks are used for carriage ofballast (sea) water and oil fuel.

Machinery space is usually placed one

compartment forward of the aft hold. This

improves the vessels trim when it is partially

loaded.

The accommodation space is usually just

above the machinery space.

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Longitudinal Section

General cargo ship

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Features of general cargo ships

contd

Tween decks are fitted in the cargo holds.

These tween decks offer greater flexibility in

loading and unloading of cargo, and preventsfragile cargo from being crushed at the

bottom.

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Transverse Midship Section

General cargo ship

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Cargo ship with folding hatch covers