A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite 3. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containing bands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica. List two of the chemical elements found in plagioclase feldspar. A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms 4. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A) Most rocks are monomineralic. B) All rocks are polymineralic. C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in common. D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz. 5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples. Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table?
Transcript
A) Amphiboles B) CalciteC) Hematite D) Fluorite
1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine?
A) is very denseB) is very softC) contains certain impuritiesD) has a regular arrangement of atoms
2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of themineral calcite.
The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces becausecalcite
3. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containingbands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica.List two of the chemical elements found in plagioclase feldspar.
A) light reflects from crystal surfacesB) energy is released during crystallizationC) of impurities that produce surface variationsD) of the internal arrangement of the atoms
4. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of twominerals.
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapesprimarily because A) Most rocks are monomineralic.
B) All rocks are polymineralic.C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in
common.D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.
5. The table below indicates the presence of variousminerals in different rock samples.
Which statement is an accurate conclusion based onthe information provided in the table?
A) is very hardB) is very denseC) contains large amounts of ironD) has a regular arrangement of atoms
6. The diagram below shows how a sample of themineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.
This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it
A) feldspar, quartz, and olivineB) granite, rhyolite, and basaltC) cobbles, pebbles, and siltD) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale
7. In which group are all the earth materials classified asminerals?
A) nitrogen B) oxygenC) potassium D) silicon
8. Which element, found in both biotite mica andmuscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent byvolume of Earth's crust?
A) age of formation B) infiltration rateC) physical properties D) temperature of formation
9. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.
An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's
A) marble and rhyoliteB) limestone and basaltC) quartzite and rock saltD) granite and phyllite
10. Which two rocks have the most similar mineralcomposition?
A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc
11. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?
A) limestone B) dolostone C) rock gypsum D) rock salt
12. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition,hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals inMoh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formationC) oxygen content D) natural abundance
13. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone’s
A) emerald and spinel B) emerald and zirconC) sapphire and spinel D) sapphire and zircon
14. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth’s crust?
A) sandstone B) gabbroC) granite D) phyllite
15. The three statements below are observations of thesame rock sample:• The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3millimeters in diameter.• The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, greenolivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole.• There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.
This rock sample is most likely
A) rock gypsumB) chemical limestoneC) quartziteD) gneiss
16. Which rock is usually composed of several differentminerals?
A) intergrown crystalsB) fossilsC) mineralsD) sediments
17. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks areusually composed of
A) sulfuric acid B) pencil leadC) plaster of paris D) window glass
18. Which material is made mostly of the mineralquartz?
A) galena B) quartzC) magnetite D) gypsum
19. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source ofthe element lead (Pb)?
A) They are formed from molten material.B) They are produced by heat and pressure.C) They are composed of minerals.D) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct
layers.
20. What do most igneous, sedimentary, andmetamorphic rocks have in common?
A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsumB) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphiboleC) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxeneD) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet
21. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon andoxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?
22. Base your answer to the following question on therock sample shown below.
A) 1.2 cm B) 0.2 cmC) 6.4 cm D) 13.2 cm
The average size of the pebbles in the sample isapproximately
A) Pyrite B) PyroxeneC) Garnet D) Fluorite
23. Which of the following show cleavage in 2directions at 90%?
A) Most rocks have a number of minerals incommon.
B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral.C) All rocks contain fossils.D) All rocks contain minerals formed by
compression and cementation.
24. Which statement best describes a general property ofrocks?
25. Base your answer to the following question on Moh'smineral hardness scale and on the chart belowshowing the approximate hardness of some commonobjects.
A) mineral's colorB) mineral's abundance in natureC) amount of iron the mineral containsD) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms
The hardness of these minerals is most closelyrelated to the
A) minerals weather before they can be identifiedB) minerals have properties that are difficult to
identifyC) rocks have a number of minerals in commonD) exposed surface rocks are igneous
26. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals,only a small number are commonly found in rocks.This fact indicates that most
A) quartz B) pyroxeneC) olivine D) biotite mica
27. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite,gneiss, and hornfels?
A) have the same hardnessB) are the same colorC) contain silicon and oxygenD) break along cleavage planes
28. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, andolivine are similar because they
A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb
29. Which of the following elements is not found inPlagioclase Feldspar?
A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrockB) cooling and solidification of lavaC) compaction and cementation of shells and
skeletal remainsD) chemical precipitation of minerals from
seawater
30. Most rock gypsum is formed by the
31. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas onthe map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formedfrom the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalizedstructure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.
A) garnet and pyroxene B) mica and feldsparC) hornblende and olivine D) halite and gypsum
These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals?
A) talc B) calciteC) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum
32. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?
Base your answers to questions 33 through 35 on the table below which provides information aboutthe crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.
A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite
33. Rock B most likely is
A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead
34. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth'scrust. These two elements are oxygen and
A) green color B) felsic compositionC) folded layers D) metallic luster
35. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?
36. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.
Old Man’s Loss Felt in New Hampshire
FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mournthe loss of New Hampshire’s well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds hadobscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturdaymorning. The famous mountain’s history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tallprofile resembling an old man’s face, and it eventually became New Hampshire’s most recognizablesymbol. The Buffalo News, May 5,2003
A) NaCl B) SiO2 C) FeS2 D) PbS
The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of
A) Rocks are located only in continental areas ofthe Earth.
B) Rocks seldom undergo change.C) Most rocks contain fossils.D) Most rocks have several minerals in
common.
37. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
A) the same elements are found in all mineralsB) a few elements are found in many mineralsC) all elements are found in only a few mineralsD) all elements are found in all minerals
38. The data table below shows the composition of sixcommon rock-forming minerals.
The data table provides evidence that
39. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperatureand pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize.
A) pyrite B) gypsumC) dolomite D) potassium feldspar
Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?
40. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction inwhich sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating alagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands arecomposed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structuresbuilt into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
A) quartz and olivine B) plagioclase feldspar and amphiboleC) potassium feldspar and biotite D) pyroxene and calcite
Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands?
A) biotite mica and muscovite micaB) sulfur and amphiboleC) quartz and calciteD) halite and pyroxene
41. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at rightangles?
A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica isnot.
B) Biotite mica contains iron and/ormagnesium, but muscovite mica does not.
C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotitemica does not.
D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, butbiotite mica does not.
42. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovitemica different?
A) pyroxene B) quartzC) biotite D) potassium feldspar
43. Which mineral can be found in all samples ofrhyolite and andesite?
A) granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfelsB) shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerateC) conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schistD) breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal,
siltstone
44. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineralquartz as part of their composition?
45. Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which shows the characteristics offour different mineral samples.
A) galena and quartz B) galena and haliteC) gold and halite D) gold and galena
Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms?
A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine
46. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.
The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral?
A) are monomineralicB) are composed only of recrystallized mineralsC) have a number of minerals in commonD) have a 10% nonmineral composition
47. Although more than 2,000 minerals have beenidentified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed ofthe 12 minerals listed below.
The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks
A) galena B) quartzC) magnetite D) gypsum
48. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source ofthe element lead (Pb)?
