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2-1 Arrays

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  • Arrays. Arrays. Arrays.

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    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Arrays. Arrays. Arrays.

    o A set of variables having the same name and data type

    o a data structure that contains a number of logically related variables

    o Every variable in an array is called an element and every element is accessed through its index

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • What are Array Index?

    o The number appended to the array name appearing between an open and close parentheses

    e.g.: HourlyData(3)

    o The number of indices needed to specify an element is called dimension or rank

    o In each dimension, the smallest index is always 0, and the index of each element increases by one until the last element.

    o In Visual Basic, an array can have up to 32 dimensions

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • What are the Advantages of

    using Arrays?

    o Allows creation of several variables in one declaration

    o The indices can be computed during runtime allowing the programmer to use iterative statements to process each element (e.g. tracing the each element of a matrix)

    o Can represent simple to complex data models in the program

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Arrays: Types

    1. Fixed-size array

    Has a fixed number of elements

    2. Dynamic array

    The number of elements can be changed at any point during runtime

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Declaring Arrays: Fixed Size

    o Keyword used is Dim o Syntax:

    Dim ArrayName(UBound1 [, ,UBoundN]) As Type

    o Examples: Dim TempReading(9) As Double Dim HourlyData(23) As Double Dim RainfallData(11,30) As Decimal Dim myClassmates(29) As String

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Declaring Arrays: Dynamic

    o Keyword used is Dim o Syntax:

    Dim ArrayName( ) As Type

    o Commas can be placed inside the parentheses to specify the number of dimensions

    o Examples: Dim TempReading() As Double Dim RainfallData(,) As Decimal Dim MyCube(,,) As Long

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • o Equate each element to an expression

    o Example:

    Dim CalorieIntake(6) As Decimal assignment statements

    CalorieIntake(0) = 2300 CalorieIntake(1) = 2000

    CalorieIntake(2) = 1800

    up to

    CalorieIntake(6) = 1700

    Storing Values: Fixed Size

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Storing Values: Fixed-size

    o Use the For Next loops counter to represent the index for each element

    Example:

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Using Values Stored in Each

    Element

    o Use each element in an equation

    o Examples:

    txtDay1.Text = "Calorie Consumed for Day 1 is " & _ CalorieIntake(0) & " Calories.

    Dim TwoDaySum As Decimal

    TwoDaySum = CalorieIntake(0) + CalorieIntake(1)

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Using Values Stored in Each

    Element

    Getting the Sum:

    Dim TotalCalorie As Decimal TotalCalorie = CalorieIntake(0) + CalorieIntake(1) _ + CalorieIntake(2) + CalorieIntake(3) + _ CalorieIntake(4) + CalorieIntake(5) + _ CalorieIntake(6)

    Or For iDay As Byte = 0 To 6 TotalCalorie += CalorieIntake(iDay) Next

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Storing Values: Dynamic

    o The length of the arrays must be set first before it can be used. To do this, use the ReDim statement.

    o Syntax: ReDim ArrayName(UBound1[,, UBoundN]) o Examples ReDim TempReading(99) or length = txtL.Text ReDim TempReading(length 1) ReDim RainfallData(Months-1, Days-1)

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Storing Values: Dynamic

    Once an array has been redimensioned, it can be manipulated like a fixed-size array

    For iCount As Byte = 0 To UBound(TempReading)

    sum += TempReading(iCount)

    Next

    Note: since the array is dynamic, the UBound function was used to determine the upperbound of the index of the array.

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • ReDim Statement

    o Used only at procedure-level

    o Can be invoked at any time it is needed

    o Cannot change the data type of an array variable or of its elements.

    o Cannot change the rank (the number of dimensions) of the array

    o Can resize more than one array e.g. ReDim TempReading(99), RainfallData(11,30)

    o Resets all values of each element to zero.

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • o Used with the ReDim statement in order to preserve the data currently stored in the elements of the array.

    o Use:

    ReDim Preserve ArrayName(newbounds)

    o Example:

    ReDim Preserve TempReading(999)

    Preserve Keyword

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Manipulating Multi-dimensional

    Arrays

    o Use nested For Next Loops (level of nest = number of dimensions)

    o For example:

    For i As Byte = 0 To 11 For j As Byte = 0 To 30

    YearlyRainfall += RainfallData(i,j)

    Next

    Next

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering

  • Populating an Array with Initial

    Values

    o You can create an array that contains an initial set of values by using an array literal.

    o An array literal consists of a list of comma-separated values that are enclosed in braces ({}).

    o Example:

    Dim TempReading() As Single = {11, 4, 15}

    o This will result to:

    TempReading(0) = 11 TempReading(1) = 4

    TempReading(2) = 15

    ES 26 | Prepared by: Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez Email: [email protected] Computer Applications in Engineering


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