Shale
AquiferFreshwater
P
ostc
losu
re
END START
Feasibility Study
Closure Injection
Desig
n Ph
ase
Form
atio
n
CO2
Sweet Gas Raw Gas
Near-Surface-Monitoring
Techniques Deep Subsurface-Monitoring Techniques
Thou
sand
s of
Fee
t
Level Risk Rank9–10 High
7–8 Moderate
5–6 Transition
2–4 Low
The Plains CO2 Reduction Partnership Program: Addressing CO2 Storage Through EOR Charles D. Gorecki, John A. Hamling, Scott C. Ayash, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju, Energy & Environmental Research Center
Why A Great Near-Term Solution • CO2 EOR, a well-developed technique for injectingCO2 EOR? and handling large volumes of CO2, has been used
for over 40 years. • Much of the infrastructure is already in place. • Costs of storage can be offset by income from EOR.
Separation of CO2 and Oil Oil Tank CO2 Compression
CO2 InjectionCO2 from Pipeline
characterization, modeling and
The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership, one of seven regional partnerships established by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Regional Carbon Sequestration
Partnership Program, is identifying the most suitable carbon dioxide (CO2) storage strategies and technologies, aiding in regulatory development, educating the general public, and investigating appropriate infrastructure for carbon capture and storage (CCS) commercialization within its region. This region includes all or part of nine U.S. states and four Canadian provinces.
Partnering with several industry leaders in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR), the PCOR Partnership has been working to use this technology as a means for commercial-scale deployment of CCS.
PCOR AlbertaEERC Innovates
Energy & Environmental Research Center ® smTechnologyPutting Research into PracticePartnership AMERICAN COALITION FORENERGY CLEAN COAL ELECTRICITYFuturesUniversity of
North Dakota Grand Forks2003 – Present
Biorecro America’s Oil Champion
EXCELSIOR E N E R G YAlberta Geological Survey
MISSOURI Natural ResourcesMUREXMUREXMISSOURI RIVERDEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM CORPORATIONE N E R G Y S E R V I C E S ® Canadaminnesota power NATURAL RESOURCES
NORTH DAKOTA
OTTER AIL OFFICE OF RENEWABLE ENERGYAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY POWER COMPANY
TM
POWER SYSTEMSRAMGEN
Shell Canada Limited
Wyoming Office ofState Lands and Investments
ADVANCED W E S T M O R E L A N D GEOTECHNOLOGY C O A L C O M P A N Y
1/14
Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
• Guided by site characterization, modeling, simulation, and risk assessment.
CO2 and Oil
Proven Storage
• Existing EOR operations are already incidentally storing CO2. • Almost every ton of CO2 purchased is eventually stored. • Oil produced with CO2 EOR is “greener” than conventionally produced oil.
PCOR Partnership
CO2 EOR Potential
EOR could increase domestic oil production by
25% in two decades.
Site Characterization
• Well data integration • Outcrop investigations • Core data analysis • Geophysical surveys Adaptive• Existing infrastructure evaluation Management
Approach The PCOR Partnership is employing
Modeling and Simulation a philosophy that integrates site
• Compatibility with commercial project. • Use fit-for-purpose modeling simulation, and risk management to• Opportunity to supplement MVA and simulation to answer design a comprehensive monitoringSite program with commercial data. specific questions. Characterization
plan for CO2 storage and EOR. Elements of any of these activities are crucial for
• Two components:Oil and gas reservoirs - Surface and near-surface
have already • Incorporate appropriate site
characterization data. • Inform risk assessment and
understanding or developing the others and evolve over the project phases.
- Reservoir CO2 Source
Monitoring, Design Modeling and monitoring programs.demonstrated
Recycle Facilities Simulation
Injection and AccountingOil SalesProduction Wells 0’
Tubing
Surface Casing
Oil/
Wat
er/ C
O2
Production CasingCement
their ability to hold oil for
Cement
Risk Assessment
millions of years. 1000’
Fox Hills Groundwater Wells Groundwater Wells
Pierre
2000’
Surface Water Soil Gas Profile Stations Soil Gas Probes Production and Injection Rates Wellhead Pressure Monitoring Temperature PDM Pressure PDM 3-D Time-Lapse VSP 3-D Time-Lapse Seismic Passive Seismic MonitoringGeologic Seal
CO 2
CO 2
and
Oil
Neutron Logging
3000’
4000’ Niobrara Regionally, over
Carlile Impact Severity5000’ Greenhorn
CO2 EOR and Storage Zone Belle Fourche Mowry
Muddy 1 2 3 4 5
Skull Creek Dakota 5 6 7 8 9 10Risk Assessment 3.5 billion tons
Prob
abili
ty (F
requ
ency
)
4 5 6 7 8 9 of CO2 storage potential• Identify relevant risks. • Rank the relative likelihood of occurrence 3 4 5 6 7 8
in the oil and gas fieldsand potential magnitude of impact. 2 3 4 5 6 7For more information regarding the PCOR Partnership, visit our Web site at www.undeerc.org/PCOR. To request a • Identify critical risks. 1 2 3 4 5 6
complimentary copy of one of the many informational and and 7 billion stb• Implement strategies to reduce theeducational products featured on our Web site, including the
likelihood and/or impact of unacceptable risks.PCOR Partnership Atlas, 4th Edition, Revised, contact: of incremental oil. • Evaluate, monitor, and mitigate relevant hazards.Charles Gorecki
Energy & Environmental Research Center • Evaluate remediation strategies based on cost-effectiveness. 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9018 701-777-5355, [email protected]
Fourth EAGE CO2 Geological Storage Workshop, April 2014 This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award No. DE-FC26-05NT42592.