BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF

COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

AND TEST BLUEPRINT

PROF VINCENT PANG FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

STAGES IN MEASUREMENT USING

TESTS/EXAMINATION

Test Planning

oTest blueprint

Test Construction

Item analysis

Item banking

ITEM PLANNING USING TEST

BLUEPRINT

Scope of test

Difficulty levels based on Bloom’s

Taxonomy

Example of blueprint for subjective test

Content

Taxonomy Bloom

Kn

ow

led

ge

Co

mp

reh

en

sio

n

Ap

pli

ca

tio

n

An

aly

sis

Syn

the

sis

Eva

lua

tio

n

Standard Form

Quadratic expressions

& equation

1(a)

1(b)

Sets

Mathematical

Reasoning

The Straight line 2(a)

2(b)

Statistics

Probability

Circles

Example of test blueprint for objective items:

Content

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Total %

Know

ledge

Com

pre

hensi

on

Applic

ation

Analy

sis

Synth

esi

s

Eva

luation

Standard Form Q1, Q3 Q4, Q6 4 (17.39%)

Quadratic

expressions &

equation

Q7, Q9, Q10, Q11,

Q12

5 (21.74%)

Sets Q2 Q22 2 (8.7%)

Mathematical

Reasoning

Q13 Q18 2 (8.7%)

The Straight line Q5, Q8 2 (8.7%)

Statistics Q24, Q20 2 (8.7%)

Probability Q14 Q16, Q17, Q19,

Q23

5 (21.74%)

Circles Q15 1 (4.35%)

Total 3 (13.04%) 12 (52.17%) 8 (34.78%) 0 0 0 23 (100%)

BLOOM’ TAXONOMY FOR COGNITIVE

ACHIEVEMENTS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

COMPREHENSION LEVEL

APPLICATION LEVEL

ANALYSIS LEVEL

SYNTHESIS LEVEL

EVALUATION LEVEL

1. KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

•is exhibited based on memorisation of previously

learned materials through recalling of facts,

terms, basic concepts and answers.

•The most important behavior of the question at

this level is to recall without modification.

•Types of question: ‘what’, ‘who’, ‘when’, ‘which’

and ‘where’.

Action verbs:

Mendefinisi (define),

menghurai (describe),

mengenalpasti (identify),

melabelkan (label),

menyenaraikan (list),

memadankan (match),

menghafaz (memorize),

menunjukkan (point to),

mengingat kembali (recall)

memilih (select),

menyatakan (state)

2. COMPREHENSION LEVEL

is demonstrated by understanding of facts and

ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,

interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main

ideas.

Types of question use in this level are ‘explain’,

differentiate’, ‘compare’ and ‘to concise’.

Action verbs:

◦ Meminda (alter),

mengambilkira (account for),

menganotasi (annotate),

mengira (calculate),

mengubah (change),

menukar (convert),

mengumpul (group),

menerangkan (explain),

mengeneralisasi (generalize),

memberikan contoh (give example),

membuat kesimpulan (infer),

mentafsir (interprete),

memparafrasa (paraphrase),

meramal (predict),

menilai semula (review),

meringkas (summarize),

menterjemah (translate)

3. APPLICATION LEVEL

Ability to solve problems to new situations

by applying acquired knowledge, facts,

techniques and rules in a different way.

students use abstract knowledge to solve

the concrete problem.

The question type is ‘how’.

Action verbs:

Mengaplikasi (apply),

menerapkan (adopt),

menghimpun (collect),

mengkonstruk (construct),

mendiagram (diagram),

menemukan (discover),

mengilustrasi (illustrate),

menggunapakai (make use of),

memanipulasi (manipulate),

mengaitkan (relate),

menunjukkan (show),

menyelesaikan (solve),

menggunakan (use)

4. ANALYSIS LEVEL

Ability to break down information into parts to identify

causes.

Make inferences and find evidence to support

generalizations.

separate big ideas into its small component.

The question types for this level are in the form ‘why’.

Action verbs:

Menganalisis (analyse),

membanding (compare),

menunjukkan pertentangan / pertentangkan (contrast),

mendiagram (diagram),

membezakan (differentiate),

membedah (dissect),

melihat perbezaan (distinguish),

mengenalpasti (identify),

mengilustrasikan (illustrate),

membuat kesimpulan (infer),

menggariskan (outline),

menunjukkan (point out),

memilih (select),

memisahkan (separate),

mengasingkan (sort),

membahagikan (subdivide)

5. SYNTHESIS LEVEL

Compile information by combining

elements to form a new pattern or

propose alternative solutions.

combine and arrange elements or parts to

build a new one.

Quetion type: ‘how’

Action Verbs:

Mengadun (blend),

membina (build),

mengubah (change),

mencantumkan (combine),

mengkompilasi (compile),

mengarang (compose),

menggambarkan (conceive),

mencipta (create),

merekabentuk (design),

membentuk (formulate),

menjana (generate),

menghipotesis (hypothesize),

merancang (plan),

meramal (predict),

mengeluarkan (produce),

menyusun semula (reorder),

menyemak (revise),

memberitahu (tell),

menulis (write)

6. EVALUATION LEVEL

Able to evaluate and consider based on

some criteria.

The specific objective are to evaluate,

consider, and do justification.

The types of question : ‘how far’,

‘evaluate’, and ‘what is your opinion’.

Active verbs:

◦menerima (accept)/ menolak (reject),

• mentaksir (appraise),

• mengukur (assess),

• mengabitrasi (arbitrate),

• menganugerah (award),

• memilih (choose),

• menyimpulkan (conclude),

• mengkritik (criticize),

• mempertahankan (defend),

• menilai (evaluate),

• menggred (grade),

• mengadili (judge),

• mengutamakan (prioritize),

• mengesyorkan (recommend),

• menimbang (referee),

• memilih (select),

• menyokong (support)

THANK YOU….