Outline of a session

By Zil-e-huma, AJKRSP 2

• To understand differential perspectives, roles, needs, and interests of women and men in the project area, including the practical needs and strategic interests of women and men.

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Basic Gender Concepts

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What is Gender ?

Gender refers to social relations between men and women, girls and boys defined by cultural values and

norms. (Exercise 1)

What is Gender

• Sex refers to biologically – determined differences such as physical attributes that equip women to give birth and breastfeed babies.

• There is nothing in the physical make up of women that makes them fit than men to cook, wash, iron, cleaning. Men can do these tasks as well.

• Conversely, there is nothing in the biological makeup of men that makes them better suited than women to go to school, earn a living, run for office and rule a country. It is culture that provides opportunities or imposes barriers to gender equality.

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Gender Programming and Mainstreaming in the Recovery Phase

• Women have particularly been challenged after the disaster since their roles have drastically changed from caregivers and contributors to the family income in a conservative society to household heads and thus main bread-earners for the family where the earning male head of household has either died or suffered from permanent physical disabilities.

By Zil-e-huma - AJKRSP 7

Why `gender’ why not just `women’?• If we just talk about `women’ we ignore the fact

that men have roles and responsibilities which may influence women’s position in society as well as their own.

• If we talk of `gender’ we talk of both men and women’s roles in society and the way they interact.

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Why `gender’ why not just `women’?• If we just talk about `women’ we ignore the

fact that men have roles and responsibilities which may influence women’s position in society as well as their own.

• If we talk of `gender’ we talk of both men and women’s roles in society and the way they interact.

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• The livelihoods needs of men and women are not always the same, due to their different roles, responsibilities and resources. The impact of different livelihood interventions will also vary according to gender: e.g. a technology to relieve the workload of men, may result in an increase in the workload of women, or vice versa

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WHAT IS GENDER MAINSTREAMING?• Gender mainstreaming, by definition,

involves

integrating a gender perspective and gender analysis into all stages of designing, implementing and evaluating projects, policies and programmes.

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WHAT IS GENDER MAINSTREAMING?

– Gender mainstreaming is:

“… the process of assessing the implications for womenand men of any planned action, including legislation,policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is astrategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns

and experiences an integral dimension of the design,implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies andprogrammes in all political, economic and societal spheres

so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated.” ( SIDA . 1998)

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GENDER MAINSTREAMING

A gender mainstreaming approach does not look at women in isolation, but looks at women and men - both as actors in the development process, and as its beneficiaries.

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By Zil-e-huma 14

Gender Analysis

• Through Gender Analysis, we better understand the realities of the women and men, girls and boys whose lives are impacted by planned development.

By Zil-e-huma 15

Gender Analysis

• Social relations (how ‘male’ and ‘female’ are defined in the given context; their normative roles, duties, responsibilities)

• Activities (gender division of labour in productive and reproductive work within the household and the community; reproductive, productive, community managing and community politics roles)

• Access and control over resources, services, institutions of decision-making and networks of power and authority

• Needs, the distinct and practical needs of men and women, i.e. given current roles, without challenging society) and strategic (i.e. needs which, if met, would change their position in society)

By Zil-e-huma 16

Gender Sensitivity

• Gender Sensitivity Means looking with new eyes, which is constantly open to learning.

• It allows us to realize that until women’s needs , as distinct from men’s have been largely ignored and that dev projects had overall failed to bring any real benefits to women.

By Zil-e-huma 17

Before making any intervention ask:

• Who does what?• Who gets what?• Who gains? Who loses?• Which men? Which women?

By Zil-e-huma 18

The Harvard Framework

has four components: activity profile Access & control profile analysis of influencing factors project cycle analysis

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Activity profile

• Who does what, when and where?

• Describes the gender division of labour in productive and reproductive work within the household and community. It suggests disaggregating roles and responsibilities by sex, age, and other factors, as well as recording the amount of time spent on activities and the location of activities.

By Zil-e-huma 20

Access and control profile• Who has access to and control over what resources,

and development project/programme benefits?)– Access - refers to use rights– Control - to power over decision making– Resources - resources of production, household and

community based, (land, labour, credit, knowledge etc that women and men can access and command to carry out their activities).

– Benefits - in relation to development projects and programmes. Which benefits accrue, or will accrue to men and which to women?

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Equal Opportunities?

To secure a fair To secure a fair selection you all get selection you all get the same exercise: the same exercise: You must climb the You must climb the

treetree..

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Gender and project planning

Three levels of gender integration:

Gender blindness – gender is not considered,Gender neutrality – gender is considered and

equal opportunities are secured,Gender planning – gender is considered and

equity impacts are secured.

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assumptions?

(Implicit) assumptions about data collection:• All techniques for data collection are equally valid for

women and for men• Conventional conceptual categories (ex. work) hold the

same meaning for all people.

Also other factors, such as: Timing of interviews, length of the reference period and language, influence data collected.

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Thank you

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