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Hydraulic Fracturingin the United States

By: Caryn Massey, Molly

Groyer, Greg Branson,Armand Massimini, Yu Hao, Ying Wang, Junie, Wei!iao

"in

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$ntroduction Hydraulic Fracturing: %he &orcing o'en

o& (ssures in su)terranean roc*s )yintroducing li+uid at high 'ressure, es'to e-tract oil or gas

Ad.antages and disad.antages toHydraulic Fracturing

Ho/ Hydraulic Fracturing A0ects the1n.ironment

Ho/ Hydraulic Fracturing A0ects the1conomy

Case Studies o& Hydraulic Fracturing

Suggestions &or Future Use

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"iterature 3e.ie/

Gas is one o& the maor sources o& heating andother energy needs 4 energy use in the United States Concern &or e0ects o& Frac*ing Method Frac*ing 5e.elo'ed in the #678s, recently

)ecame a 'o'ular method &or e-traction o&

9atural Gas

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Ad.antages and5isad.antages o& Hydraulic

Fracturing

Advantages Disadvantages

$ncrease in 'roduction o&

natural gas

Water contamination o&

chemicals

$ncrease in economicacti.ities

$ngredients &or &rac*ing'rocess un*no/n to'u)lic

;rice &or drilling naturalgas lo/

Maor health concerns&or 'eo'le that li.enear)y drilling

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Ho/ Hydraulic FracturingA0ects the 1n.ironment

<

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Ha=ardous Chemicals in theFrac*ing ;rocess

Fracturing >uid

Sand?carrying >uid

5is'lacing li+uid

Ben=ene, ethyl

)en=ene,

toluene and -ylene

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Hydraulic Fracturing $m'act onWater, "andsca'ing, and

1arth+ua*es;ollute the underground /ater

Consume large amounts o&ground/ater

3adioacti.e 'ollution

 %rac and noise 'ollution

$nection o& >uids into dee' /ells

Use o& reser.oirs &or /ater su''lies

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Ho/ Hydraulic Fracturing A0ectsthe 1conomy Most ecient /ay to 'um' natural gas &rom the

ground

il 'rice increased &rom 28 'er )arrel in 2882 too.er #88 'er )arrel no/ But natural gas iscurrently at 2882 'rices

An a)undant su''ly o& natural gas ma*es 'ricesrelati.ely chea' to 'roducers and consumers

5ecreases e-'loitation cost and increase the)ene(t o& 'roducers

Good ha.e increase num)er o& medical )ills &rom

'eo'le that get sic* &rom drin*ing &rac*ed?contaminated /ater

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Case Studies o& HydraulicFracturing

$n #6E, an 1;A re'ort /as 'u)lished thatindicated &racture >uid in.asion into James;arsonIs /ater /ell in Jac*son County, WestDirginia

1arth+ua*es in United ingdom Canada,

and Ja'an ha.e )een lin*ed to HydraulicFracturing

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Suggestions &or theFuture

Many short?term and long?term concerns thatrelated to human health, en.ironmental health,and economic health

While &rac*ing decreases the amount o& car)ondio-ide emitted into the air, the en.ironmental

im'acts on the landsca'es and /ater are .ast

Serious health?im'lications &or 'eo'le that /or*on &rac*ing drilling sites as /ell as 'eo'le thatli.e in surrounding areas

Consider loo*ing into rene/a)le energy sourcesas /ell as e-'loring sa&er means o& e-tractingnatural gas

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SourcesBaron==i, C J KndL 3etrie.ed &rom htt':///le-ologycomli)rarydetailas'-gN6)778<6?82e)?76)&?a8#?8e#<d)Eee#7a

Gosden, 1, Chan, S ; K28#L Centrica stri*es O#8)n deal that could see us shale gas su''ly u*homes %elegra'hcou*, 3etrie.ed &rom

htt':///telegra'hcou*(nancene/s)ysectorenergyoilandgas66<#E78Centrica?stri*es?#8)n?deal?that?could?see?US?shale?gas?su''ly?U?homeshtml

Geman, B K28#L Study: Frac*ed gas &ar more climate?&riendly than coal read more %he Hill,3etrie.ed&rom htt':thehillcom)logse2?/iree2?/ire26766<?study?&rac*ed?gas?&ar?more?climate?&riendly?than?coal

Hey/ood, ; K28#2L Frac*ing sa&er and greener %C1: %he Chemical 1ngineer, 72?7<

 Jones, S KndL 3etrie.ed &rom htt':///n'rorg)logsthet/o?/ay28#2#82E#@E2E6s/eden?/ants?your?trash

"iang, F, Sayeed, S, 3y.a*, M, P Qhao, 9 K28#2L %he role o& natural gas as a 'rimary &uel in thenear &uture, including com'arisons o& ac+uisition, transmission and /aste handling costs o& as /ithcom'etiti.ealternati.es Chemistry Central Journal, @, #?7

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SHAgo. KndL 3etrie.ed &romhtt':///oshago.dtsha=ardalertshydraulicR&racRha=ardRalerthtml

Schemmer, J K28#L A.oida)le &raccident: An argument against strict lia)ility&or hydraulic &racturing #2#<?#2< 3etrie.ed &rom htt's:///googlecomurlsaNtPrctNP+NPesrcNsPsourceN/e)PcdN#PcadNraP.edN8C5A!FAAPurlNhtt':///la/*uedusitesla/dru'al*uedu(lesdocsla/Rre.ie/.@88<RSchremmerRFinal'd&PeiNhtyBU)5&"rCig"J8$GAC!PusgNAF!C91cg<W<SdydSUdu$96/CrM-h"!Psig2N@3ulger#Y=g$YgP).mN).7<6@88E,dcG1

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