2. Innate & Adaptive

8/19/2019 2. Innate & Adaptive

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INNATE IMMUNE RESPON


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U S O

First Line of Defense


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MUCOCILIARY

SYSTEM

SALIVA FLUSING

ACTION

BACTERIAL

FLORA

MICROBES

PATHOGENS OR

NON PATHOGENS

INNATE DEFENCE SYSTEM


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Ciliated

pseudostati!ied

"olu#$a

epit%eliu# &it%

#u"us

Al'eola#a"o(

p%a)e

Cou)%

e!le*

Tau#a o

a+do#$al

su)e,

distu+

e!le*

Bo$"%i

ola

"a"i$o

#a

Vial i$!e"tio$

disupt !u$"tio$

+a"teia e$te

t%e steil siteDEFENCE

SYSTEM

IMMUNO

COMPRO

MISE OF

DEFENCE

SYSTEM


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T%e l,#p%ati" s,ste#


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Cuta$eus i##u$e s,ste#


8/58Epit%elial +aies

BARRIERS


9/58T%e #u"osal i##u$e s,ste#


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Adaptive Immune

Response


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Development of the ImmuneResponse System

Cell receptors or markers confer specicityand identity of a cell.

• Major functions of receptors are:

1. To perceive and attach to nonself orforeign molecules

2. To promote the recognition of selfmolecules

3. To receive and transmit chemicalmessages among other cells of the system

4. To aid in cellular development


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P%ases o! adapti'e o! I##u$e espo$ses


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Lymphocyte Receptors

• Lymphocytes role in surveillanceand recognition is a function oftheir receptors.

• !"cell receptors # $ind freeantigens

• T"cell receptors # $ind processed

antigens


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Entrance and Processing ofAntigens and lonal

Selection• Antigen %&g' is a su$stance that

provokes an immune response in

specic lymphocytes.

• (ome times also called an immunogen

• )roperty of $ehaving as an antigen isantigenicity


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haracteristics ofAntigens

• )erceived as foreign* not a normalconstituent of the $ody

• +oreign cells and large comple,molecules over 1-*--- / are mostantigenic.

• &ntigenic determinant* epitope #small molecular group that isrecogni0ed $y lymphocytes

• &ntigen has many antigenicdeterminants.


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Route o! a$ti)e$ e$t,


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• +oreign molecules less than 1*---/* called haptens

• ot antigenic unless attached to alarger carrier


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Special ategories ofAntigens

• Alloantigens # cell surface markers ofone individual that are antigens toanother of that same species

• Superantigens # potent T cellstimulators provoke an overhelmingresponse

• Allergen # antigen that provokes allergy• Autoantigens # molecules on self

tissues for hich tolerance is inadeuate


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Antigen Processing andPresentation to Lymphocytes

• T"cell dependent antigens must $e processed$y phagocytes called antigen presenting cells%&)C'.

• &)Cs modify the antigen so it is moreimmunogenic and recogni0a$le then the &g ismoved to the &)C surface and $ound to 5Creceptor.

• &ntigen presentation involves a directcolla$oration among an &)C* a T helper celland an antigen"specic ! or T cell.# 6nterleukin"1 is secreted $y &)C to activate T5 cells.

# 6nterleukin"2 is produced $y T5 to activate ! and

other T cells.


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APC ae e-uied !o T "ell a"ti'atio$


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T%ee !u$"tio$ o! TCR

.

/

0


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Anti!ody Production


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"#cell Activation andAnti!ody Production

• 7nce ! cells process the &g* interactith T5 cells and are stimulated $y

groth and di8erentiation factors* they

enter the cell cycle in preparation formitosis and clonal e,pansion.

• 9ivisions give rise to plasma cells that

secrete anti$odies and memory cellsthat can react to the same antigenlater.


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Role o!de$diti" "ells

i$ a$ti)e$

"aptue a$d

pese$tatio$


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A$ti)e$ po"essi$) a$d pese$tatio$


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P%a)o",tosis a$di$ta"ellula

destu"tio$ o!

#i"o+es


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REACTIVE O1YGEN INTERMEDIATE

2 ROIs

Hi)%l, ea"ti'e

#eta+olites o! o*,)e$3

4 Supeo*ide

a$io$ 4 %,do*il

adi"al 4

%,do)e$ peo*ide

o*,%alides

Da#a)e to i$)ested +a"teiaPodu"e +, #a"op%a)e


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L A)i$i$e Niti" o*ide

Niti" o*ide s,$t%ase

Biolo)i" e!!e"tos#ole"ule as

#i"o+i"idal a)e$t

Podu"e +, #a"op%a)e

5i$du"ei+le !o#6 +,

#i"o+ial 7 ",to8i$e sti#uli


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A$ti)e$ e"o)$itio$ a$d si)$ali$) e"eptos


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HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE


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T%e "lo$al sele"tio$ %,pot%esis


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9INETIC IMMUNE RESPONSE


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Spe"i!i"it,: #e#o, a$d sel!(li#itatio$ o! I##u$e espo$ses


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Di)estio$ +, Papai$ a$d

Pepsi$


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Mo$o"lo$al a$ti+od,


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Anti!ody#Antigen

Interactions

Anti!ody Antigen


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Anti!ody#AntigenInteractions

&ntigen"&nti$ody $inding are very specic* theire8ects are:• $psoni%ation # process of coating

microorganisms ith specic anti$odies so they

are more readily recogni0ed $y phagocytes• Agglutination # &$ aggregation cross"linkingcells or particles into large clumps

• &eutrali%ation # &$s ll the surface receptorson a virus or the active site on a micro$ialen0yme to prevent it from attaching# &ntito,ins are a special type of &$ that

neutrali0e a $acterial e,oto,in.


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Ag#A! !inding


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Fu$)si a$ti+odi


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yto'ine

( ells ) ell Mediated


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( ells ) ell MediatedImmunity

• ell mediated immunity re*uires thedirect involvement of ( lymphocytes+

• ( cells act directly against Ag andforeign cells ,hen presented inassociation ,ith an M- carrier+

• ( cells secrete cyto'ines that act onother cells+

• Sensiti%ed ( cells proliferate intolong#lasting memory ( cells+


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Sito8i$3 potei$ ,a$) dise8esi ole% sel pada

sisti# 8e8e+ala$ innate atau adaptive: se+a)ai

pea$taa dai sel e!e8to tese+ut4

Mo$o8i$es3 dipodu8si ole% mononuclear

phagocytes4

L,#p%o8i$es3 dipodu8si ole% lymphocytes4

C,to8i$es3 dipodu8si ole% li#!osit: #o$osit:

+e+eapa sel ;ai$)a$: #isal$,a sel e$dot%el

da$ epit%el4

I$teleu8i$s3 dipodu8si ole% le8osit ,a$)

+ee!e8 te%adap le8osit lai$4


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Fu$)si sito8i$ pada sisti# peta%a$a$ adapti!


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T "ell #ediated i##u$e espo$se


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2. Innate & Adaptive

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