2. Methods, Apparatus, Population Statistics and Taxonomic Studies of Use to EcologistsJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 27, No. 1 (May, 1958), pp. 176-180Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2189 .

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176 Abstracts Varley, G. C. (1957). Attitudes of the larva of the lobster moth, Stauropus fagi (L.)

(Lep., Notodontidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 92-94. The various attitudes adopted by the larva of the lobster moth Stauropus fagi are described

and figured and their significance for larval life discussed.

Wallace, M. M. H. (1957). Field evidence of a density-governing reaction in Sminthurus viridis (L.). Nature. Lond. 180, 388-390.

Distribution and abundance of the lucerne flea (Collembola) related to temperature and humidity. But in local populations changes in density occur which are not related to these, and there is evidence that such changes are due to some factor influenced by population density itself. This being a tardy density-governing reaction (Nicholson 1954).

Whalley, P. E. S. (1957). Cocoon formation in two species of weevil (Col., Curculioni- dae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 96.

Although the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus does not normally form a cocoon at pupation, two specimens are recorded which did so. Another weevil, Temnoschoita nigro- plagiata, always constructs a cocoon.

Williamson, M. H. (1957). Gene and chromosome frequencies in Peronea comariana Zell. (Lep., Tortricidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 52-53.

The genetics of the colour varieties of the Strawberry button moth, Peronea comariana, is discussed, and it is concluded that the most recessive alleles are the commonest, and that there is interaction between two recessive alleles.

2. METHODS, APPARATUS, POPULATION STATISTICS AND TAXONOMIC

STUDIES OF USE TO ECOLOGISTS

Allen, P. (1957). Studies of some intercastes of Myrmica rubra L. (Hym., Formicidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 136-139.

Descriptions are given of intercaste material of Myrmica rubra and correlation of certain morphological characters in this material is demonstrated.

Allen, P. (1957). The larval morphology of Agromyzidae (Diptera). Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 32, 59-66.

Includes a key to separate some Agromyzidae collected from Umbelliferae using only larval characters.

Andrew, R. J. (1957). A comparative study of the calls of Emberiza spp. (buntings). Ibis, 99, 27-42.

Use of the sound spectograph enables comparison of the structure of bunting calls. Homo- logies between the calls of ten different species are established and their probable evolution traced.

Baker, C. S. Wood (1957). The winged viviparous female of Vesiculaphis theobaldi Tak. (syn. Trilobaphis caricis Theo.) (Hem., Aphididae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 82-84.

A description is given of the winged viviparous females of the aphid Vesiculaphis theobaldi, and notes are given on food plants and behaviour.

Barfoot, S. D. (1957). Phania vittata Meig., a Tachinid fly new to Britain. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 85.

A description is given of a Tachinid male, Phania vittata, as being new to Britain.

Bowers, A. B. (1957). Nature of the spawning area in herrings. Natulre, Lond. 179, 926.

Points out that herring spawn has been taken by dredge, grab and a modified tow netting technique. See 1957, Nature, 179, 638.

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Methods, etc. 177 Briggs, J. B. (1956). Notes on the biology and identification of some allies of the winter

moth (Operophtera brumata (L.)). Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. A 39 (1955), 141-145. Some ftatures of use in the identification of certain allies of the winter moth on fruit trees

are described, with keys to apterous females and larvae. Biological notes are given for the more important species.

Brindle, A. (1957). Notes on the use of light for attracting Trichoptera. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 127-129.

The use of Tilley lamps for trapping nocturnal adult Trichoptera is discussed. The short- range attraction of the lamp is emphasized, and the siting considered in relation to the be- haviour of the adults.

Bryce, D. (1957). Notes on the life histories of British Limoniinae (Dipt., Tipulidae). 1. Limonia nubeculosa Meig., and L. didyma Meig. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 67-69.

Descriptions are given of the crane-fly larvae Limonia nubeculosa and L. didyma.

Bryce, D. (1957). Notes on the life histories of British Limoniinae (Dipt., Tipulidae). 2. Ula sylvatica Meigen. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 132.

Ula sylvatica, which does not appear to have been fully described in the larval stage, is briefly described and figured.

Burges, H. D. (1957). Studies on the Dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. 1. Identification and duration of the developmental stages. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 105-110.

The Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium was bred at 300 C and 70% R.H. from eggs and the external morphology of the larval instars studied. Data are given for the duration of the various stages, and notes are given for the separation of the instars.

Collyer, E. & Groves, J. R. (1956). Some tetranychid mites on fruit trees. Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. A 39 (1955), 135-138.

Four species of tetranychid mites found on fruit trees in Kent and Essex are described. A key for separating six species of tetranychid mites is included.

Currie, R. I. & Foxton, P. (1957). A new quantitative plankton net. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 36, 17-32.

A vertical closing plankton net equipped with a combined depth recorder and flow meter.

Drinnan, R. E. & Ridpath, M. G. (1957). Counting flocks of roosting birds by photography. Bird Study, 4, 149-159.

Discusses difficulties of visual counting of large flocks and describes critically methods using both still and cin6 photography.

Edwards, V. C. Wynne- (1957). The so-called 'northern golden plover'. Scot. Nat. 69, 89-93.

Breeding populations of Charadrius apricarius in the British Isles, the Faeroes and Iceland all contain varying proportions of the plumage types named apricarius and altifrons with many intermediates. It is suggested that trinomial names should no longer be used, at least for birds seen in the British Isles.

Emlen, J. T., Jr. (1956). A method for describing and comparing avian habitats. Ibis, 98, 565-576.

A scheme of habitat description based on the selection of measurable features. Examples show how quantitative habitat data can be applied in making semi-pictorial diagrams and in analysing subtle differences of habitat selection.

Gradwell, G. R. (1957). A new tetrastichine (Hym., Eulophidae) genus with three included species. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 1-5.

A genus Pronotalia gen. nov. is described containing three species Pronotalia trypetae sp.n., P. liparae sp.n., and P. valkeilai sp.n.

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178 A bstracts Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1956). A new genus and species of Pteromalidae (Hym.,

Chalcidoidea). Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 406-408. A female chalcidoid wasp is described as belonging to a new genus and species, Mesopilon

exiguum sp.n.

Le Quesne, W. J. (1956). An examination of the British species of Drymus Fieber (Hem., Lygaeidae) with a new subgenus and an addition and a generic reassignment in the British list. Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 337-341.

A new subgenus Sylvadrymus is erected within Drymus and a key to the species of Drymus is given.

Le Quesne, W. J. (1957). A practical key to the British genera of Rhyparochrominae (Hem., Lygaeidae), including some generic reassignments. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 57-62.

Of the four British species regarded as belonging to the genus Rhyparochromus, three are transferred to two other genera. A key is given to the genera of Rhyparochrominae.

Leston, D. (1957). The British Lygocoris Reuter (Hem.: Miridae) including a new species. Entomologist, 90, 128-135.

Includes a key to the six British species. The new one here described is L. populi, from species of Populus in southern England.

MacDowall, J. (1957). Soil thermometers. Nature, Lond. 179, 328. Errors disappeared when a microcrystalline wax was used as lagging in place of paraffin wax.

Mackenzie, J. M. D. (1957). Crested tits in plantations. Scot. Nat. 69, 58-59. Artificial calling as a rough method of assembling birds and counting them.

Pearce, E. J. (1957). Cephennium gallicum Ganglbaur (Col., Scydmaenidae) the com- mon British Cephennium, and not C. thoracicum (Mueller and Kunze). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 135.

It is pointed out that Cephennium thoracicum has not been recorded for Britain and dis- tinguishing points between the two species are given.

Pitcher, R. S. (1956). A further note on the cambium miner of Prunus spp. (Dendromyza cerasiferae Kangas, Agromyzidae, Dipt.). Rep. E. Malling Res. Sta. A 39 (1955), 139-140.

An account is given of all stages of the life history of the cambium miner of Prunus spp., Dendromyza cerasiferae. Reference is also made to parasitism and economic importance.

Reid, E. T. M. (1957). The diagnostic value of the foretarsus in male anopheline mosquitoes (Dipt., Culicidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 7-10.

The size and shape of the foretarsus was examined in fourteen species of Ethiopian mos- quitoes. It was considered that the shape and size of the tarsal claw and last tarsal segment were of limited taxonomic use.

Scudder, G. G. E. (1957). A new genus and species of Rhyparochrominae (Hem., Lygaeidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 143-144.

Dilompus robustus, a new genus and species is described.

Slack, F. E. (1956). A key to the British species of the genus Cyclops 0. F. Muller. Glasgow Nat. 17, 250-256.

A key to forty-five species of these freshwater copepods.

Smith, K. G. V. (1956). Notes on the immature stages of four British species of Lonchaea Fln. (Dipt., Lonchaeidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 402405.

Diagnostic characters are described and figures are given for the larvae, Lonchaea flavidi- pennis, L. deutschi, L. cariecola and L. palposa. Notes are also given for the puparium.

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Methods, etc. 179 Smith, K. G. V. (1957). Selection of a lectotype of Tetanocera robusta Loew (Dipt.,

Sciomyzidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 70-71. Consequent upon confusion between the marsh flies Tetanocera robusta and T. ferruginea,

a lectotype is selected for the former.

Smithers, C. N. (1956). The male of Ectopsocopis mozambicus (Badonnel) (Psocoptera, Peripsocidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 306-307.

A description is given of the hitherto unknown male.

Southwood, T. R. E. & Scudder, G. G. E. (1956). The immature stages of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera associated with the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 313-325.

Descriptions are given of Heterogaster urticae, Anthocorus nemorum, A. nemoralis, Deraeocoris ruber, Plagiognathus arbustorum, P. chrysanthemi, Orthonotus rufifrons, Orthotylus ochrotrichus, Heterotoma merioptera, Lygus pabulinus, Liocortis tripustulatus, Calocoris sexgut- tatus, C. alpestris, C. norvegicus, together with notes on the life cycles. A key to the larvae is given.

Spencer, K. A. (1957). Two new European species of Agromyzidae (Dipt.). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 35-36.

Agromyza prespana sp.n. and Phytagromyza simplonensis sp.n. are described, and an addi- tion is made to an existing key.

Stelfox, A. W. (1957). Further new species of Dacnusini (Hym., Braconidae) from Ireland and notes on several other species. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 111-120.

Descriptions are given of the Braconids, Gyrocampa ruficollis sp.n., G. lanigera sp.n., Chorebus hirtigena sp.n., C. striola sp.n., C. scabrifossa sp.n., Chaenusa elongata sp.n., C. opaca sp.n. Notes are also given on other Hymenoptera.

Stroyan, H. L. G. (1956). A note on some aphid material of J. 0. Westwood. Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 381-382.

A discussion is given of the taxonomic categories within the genus Trama von Heyden.

Thorpe, W. H. (1957). The identification of Savi's, grasshopper and river warblers by means of song. Brit. Birds, 50, 169-171.

Analyses the songs of three Locustella species.

Twinn, D. C. (1956). A method of making permanent mounts of beetle genitalia. Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 295.

A method is described whereby the genitalia can be easily examined under all powers of magnification, including oil immersion.

Wagner, H. 0. (1957). The technical basis of experimental research on bird migration. Ibis, 99, 191-195.

A method using an electro-magnet for measuring the restlessness at night of captive birds is described. Certain factors in the environment are essential. Individuals of the same species vary in their reaction to the same stimuli, and the normal behaviour of the bird under test conditions must be known.

Williams, C. B. & Davies, L. (1957). Simuliidae attracted at night to a trap using ultra-violet light. Nature, Lond. 179, 924-925.

Shows considerable night activity in these Diptera. Location and type of trap, and catches are described. Suction traps show a lower rate of catch.

Woodroffe, G. E. (1957). Halticus macrocephalus Fieber (Miridae). An addition to the British list of Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Entomologist, 90, 17-18.

Includes a key for the separation of H. macrocephalus (recorded in Cornwall) from the other two British species of Halticus.

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180 A bstracts

Woodroffe, G. E. (1957). On the identity of the British Macrolopihus Fieber (Hem., Miridae), with a key to the European species. Entomologist, 90, 125-127.

I. rubi sp.n. is described from bramble in Britain, where it was formerly confused with M. subilis on Stschys sylvatica and was later misidentified as M. costalis. Stichel's key to the European species is modified to accommodate it.

3. PARASITES

Barfoot, S. D. (1957). Oviposition of Ptychomyia selecta Meig. (Dipt., Tachinidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 95.

A description is given of females of the Tachinid fly Ptychomyia selecta depositing eggs on the sawfly larvae Nematus ribesii.

Copland, W. 0. (1956). Notes on the food and parasites of pike (Esox lucius) in Loch Lomond. Glasgow Nat. 17, 230-235.

Based on the contents of 102 stomachs. Pike were infested with two species of parasitic helminth, the pseudophyllidean cestode Triaenophorus nodulosus and the acanthocephalan A canthocephalus lucii

Crooke, M. (1956). Host of the overwintering generation of Trichogramma evanescens Westw. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 92, 368.

The pine-looper caterpillar Bupalus piniarius is recorded as the host of the overwintering generation of Trichograimma evanescets.

Davis, R. A. (1957). Mammal fleas on Skokholm. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 25-26. Three species of fleas, Hystricopsylla talpae, Ctenopthalmus nobilis vulgaris and Nosopsyllus

fasciatus, are recorded from mice on the island.

Gotto, R. V. (1956). The occurrence of a doropygid copepod in a new ascidian host. Irish Nat. J. 12, 110.

Doropygus psyllus on Ascidia conchilega.

Gradwell, G. R. (1957). Hosts of three species of Eulophus Geoffroy (Hym., Chal- cidoidea), one new to science and another new to Britain. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93, 140-142.

Descriptions are given of Eulophus igribasis sp.n., E. larvarum and E. opacula (Th.), the last being new to Britain. Host records are given.

Michel, J. F. (1957). Husk in adult cattle. Agriculture, 64, 224-228. Control of the disease must be based on acquired resistance to the lungworm parasite. The

ultimate source of infection is the dung of infected animals.

Moir, R. J. & Somers, M. (1956). A factor influencing the protozoal population in sheep. Nature, Lond. 178, 1472.

Concentration of ruminal Protozoa influenced by diet, but other factors may overshadow this. The manner in which the same diet is fed to sheep causes sharp divisions in protozoal counts. Suggests that feeding habits may be an important factor in determination of population level.

Noble, E. R. (1957). Seasonal variations in host-parasite relations between fish and their Protozoa. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 36, 143-155.

The variation in protozoan parasite infection of three common marine fish; the intensity of infection may be related to the different feeding habits of the fish.

Slinn, D. J. (1957). Erpocotyle abbreviata (Olson, 1876) Price, 1942, a monogenetic trematode new to British waters. Nature, Lond. 179, 271-272.

Three specimens recorded.

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