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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
HUMANITARIAN DEMINING
R&D PROGRAM
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
HUMANITARIAN DEMINING
R&D PROGRAMClearing Mines, Returning Land, Restoring Hope
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TO HUMANITARIAN DEMINING
An international partner
The U.S. Humanitarian Demining Program
• Foreign policy initiative led by DoS to assist foreigngovernments develop self-sustaining indigenousinfrastructures capable of eliminating theirlandmines problem
• Expertise provided by Department of Defense
• Empowered by Presidential Decision DirectivesNSC-48 and 64 to
• Conduct training
• Provide limited demining equipment• Conduct research and development
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REMOVAL: SLOW AND DANGEROUS
We need ways to do it faster, safer, and more efficiently.
CASE STUDY: KUWAIT
COST TO CLEAR: $1 MILLION PER SQUARE KILOMETER
AREA CLEARED: 728 SQUARE KILOMETERS
TOTAL COST: $700 MILLION
PERSONNEL REQUIRED:
4000 DEMINERS
CASUALTIES: 84 DEMINERS KILLED
SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO BAN LANDMINES (WWW.ICBL.ORG)
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PART OF THE CONTRIBUTION: TECHNOLOGY
Humanitarian Demining R&D is leading the way
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ORGANIZATION
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
A cooperative effort
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ORGANIZATION
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
A cooperative effort
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Program Funding, Guidance• Provides Program Guidance and
Oversight
• Approve requests for in-countryassessments
• Approve requests for operational fieldevaluations
• Liaison with other Government agencies(DoS)
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ORGANIZATION
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Assistant Secretary of DefenseSpecial Operations andLow-Intensity Conflict
Program Execution• Determine Requirements
• Structure Program
• Develop/Demonstrate PrototypeEquipment
• Contracts with Industry
• In-House Developments UsingNVESD Personnel and ShopFacilities
• Perform In-Country Assessments
• Conduct In-Country Operational
Field Evaluations• Assist with Transition Prototype
Equipment into Operational Use
• Inform demining community
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
Night Vision and ElectronicSensors Directorate
Countermine Division
A cooperative effort
Program Funding, Guidance• Provides Program Guidance and
Oversight
• Approve requests for in-countryassessments
• Approve requests for operational fieldevaluations
• Liaison with other Government agencies(DoS)
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NIGHT VISION: A ONE-STOP SHOP
Humanitarian Demining Research & Development
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WITH THE FACILITIES
Uniquely capable facilities
• 56,000 square footfabrication facility
• Full electronics shop
• 3D modeling lab
• Selective LaserSintering machine
• Computer NumericControl Machines
• Abrasive Water JetSystems
• Walk-in sand blastbooth
• Vehicle size paintbooth
• Machining equipment
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AND PEOPLE WITH THE EXPERIENCE
Uniquely qualified people
• Ordnance experts
• Machinists• Electrical engineers
• Mechanical engineers
• Physical Scientists
• Test engineers
• Logisticians
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TO ASSESS EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES
Develop, demonstrate, and evaluate
• Adaptation of commercial, off-the-
shelf equipment
• Integration of maturetechnologies
• Thorough evaluation of
new technologies• Improvement of
existing technologies
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TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES
If it doesn’t exist, we can build it
• Adaptation of commercial, off-the-
shelf equipment toparticular deminingmissions
• Full development of equipment if no
suitable commercialversion
• Transitiontechnologies to theField
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TO TRANSITION TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE FIELD
Contributing to self-sustaining demining programs
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PROCESS & DISSEMINATIONThe path to success has two components:
Ensures development of mature technologies
11 An iterative process that allows the R&DProgram to develop
technologies thatremove mines faster,cheaper, and safer
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PROCESS & DISSEMINATIONThe path to success has two components:
Shares success with the world
22 A dissemination process to distributeinformation about
technologies to thosewho need it
THE ITERATIVE PROCESS
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THE ITERATIVE PROCESS
11 Identify Requirements Annual Workshop
22 IdentifyExisting Technology
33 Structure Program,Develop Program Plan
44 Develop Equipment•External Contracts •In-House
55 DevelopmentalTesting
66 Improve/UpgradePromising Prototypes
77 •In-Country Assessment•Operational Field Evaluation
Develop, demonstrate, and evaluate
DISSEMINATION
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DISSEMINATION
Sharing technology with the world
Information
distributed via:
• Internet
• CD-ROM
• Publications
Information
distributed via:
• Internet
• CD-ROM
• Publications
• Workshops
Information
distributed via:
CASE STUDY: TEMPEST Information
distributed via:
• Internet
• CD-ROM
Information
distributed via:
• Internet
MEETING THE THREAT WITH TECHNOLOGY
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MEETING THE THREAT WITH TECHNOLOGY
Manual mine removal is slow, inefficient, and dangerous
MEETING THE THREAT WITH TECHNOLOGY
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MEETING THE THREAT WITH TECHNOLOGY
Technology can make it faster, safer, more efficient
THE TOOLBOX APPROACH
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THE TOOLBOX APPROACH
Different tasks and challenges …
THE TOOLBOX APPROACH
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THE TOOLBOX APPROACH
require different tools Different tasks and challenges …
TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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TECHNOLOGY AREASCLEARANCE: MINE / VEGETATION
NEUTRALIZATIONDEMINER PROTECTION
DETECTION
CLEARANCE
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CLEARANCETasks
• Remove vegetation inhibitingaccess to suspect mine areas
• Remove mines from suspectedareas
• Minimize damage
• Maintainability/Sustainability
• Return land to use
Challenges
• Environmental
• Varied terrain
• Vegetation density
• Different mine types and sizes
• Mines buried at various depths
• Lack of information
• Logistics/Infrastructure
CLEARANCE: MINE / VEGETATION
M h i l Cl
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Mechanical Clearance
DETECTION
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DETECTIONTasks
• Area reduction: Make maximumamount of land available asquickly as possible bydetermining where mines are not located
• Detect buried mines
• Mark locations of buried mines
• Quality assurance after clearance
Challenges
• Detect all mine types
• Distinguish mines from clutter• Mine properties: size, material,
explosive, position, depth
DETECTION
DETECTION
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DETECTION
DEMINER PROTECTION & TOOLS
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DEMINER PROTECTION & TOOLSTasks
• Protect deminer from injury
• Provide deminer with level of confidence
• Facilitate removal and
destruction of mines
Challenges
• Weight• Temperature
• Flexibility
DEMINER PROTECTION
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Ground breaking research related test data from mannequins and human cadavers to actual
human injuries. This has led to the development of injury models on which to base analysis of
PPE test data and future PPE design.
NEUTRALIZATION
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NEUTRALIZATIONNEUTRALIZATION Tasks
• Expose landmine
• Destroy in place
Challenges • Unstable nature of mines
• Penetrating case material
• Eliminating high order detonation
• Underwater neutralization
• Destructive power of mines
TOOLS & NEUTRALIZATION
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TOOLS & NEUTRALIZATION
FOR MORE INFORMATION
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
• www.humanitariandemining.org
• Chris Wanner
– 703-704-1076
– [email protected]• Richard Walls
– 703-704-2375
Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate
AMSRD-CER-NV-CM-HD
10221 Burbeck Road
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5806
