Catastrophic Thinking

Dr Emily O’Leary, PhD

Director Anxiety House

ANXIETY HOUSEHawthorne Medical Centre7/171 Riding Rd HawthorneQueensland 4171 Australia

Phone (07) 3399 9480Fax (07) 3009 0338

Postal: PO Box 297, Morningside QLD 4170

www.anxietyhouse.com.au

2

OVERVIEW

3 Main objectives:

a. What is catastrophic thinking?

b. Why do we do it?

c. How do we stop it?

“Anxiety's like a rocking chair. It gives you something to do, but it doesn't get you very far.” ― Jodi Picoult, Sing You Home

3

What is Catastrophic Thinking?Catastrophic thinking can be defined as ruminating about irrational worst-case outcomes. Typically “What if” or “Imagine if” thinking.

It can increase anxiety and prevent people from taking action in a situation where action is required.

Bad things—even horrible things—do happen to people and cause real pain in people’s lives. But catastrophic thinking is fantasies which cause suffering in our minds.

As Mark Twain famously said, “I am an old man and have known a great many troubles, but most of them never happened."

It occurs in a number of disorders and in everyday life. It is not specific to anxiety, but does commonly occur.

4

How it occurs in anxiety disordersPanic attacks = the result of the person believing catastrophic misinterpretations of their physical sensations. For example, someone might have a panic attack as a result of believing that slight increases in their heart rate are indicative of an impending heart attack;

Health anxiety = a person experiences ongoing anxiety as a result of believing that various physical peculiarities are indicative of serious health problems even though medical tests have determined that nothing is wrong;

Generalized anxiety disorder =are characterized by constant worrying. Their anxiety is elevated both by their overestimating the likelihood of negative events occurring in their lives along with the belief that they would be unable to cope with these events when they occur;

Social anxiety = overestimate the degree to which others are evaluating and criticizing them and believe they cannot cope with criticism—real or imagined;

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) = believes that their negative thoughts will lead to catastrophic outcomes, leading them to engage in compulsions

5

Why do we do it?Cognitive distortions (irrational negative thoughts and beliefs)

7

Cognitive Distortions

• Cognitive distortions are simply ways that our mind convinces us of something that isn’t really true. • These inaccurate thoughts are usually used to reinforce

negative thinking or emotions — telling ourselves things that sound rational and accurate, but really only serve to keep us feeling bad about ourselves.• Catastrophic thinking is a cognitive distortion mostly

relating to an over estimation the likelihood of negative events occurring.

9

How to Manage Catastrophic Thinking?The first step in addressing unhealthy thoughts is knowing when you have them. Self-monitoring is important to increase awareness of your thoughts, and how they impact your mood and behaviours. Next, move your thinking away from extremes, and consider other options. So it can be helpful to ask yourself some of the following questions:

• What evidence do I have for this thought? • What evidence do I have against this thought? • Are there times when this thought hasn't been true?• Do I have this kind of thought when I'm feeling OK as opposed to feeling sad,

angry, or anxious? • What would I tell someone else who was having this kind of thought? • Is it possible that I'm having this thought just out of habit? • What might be an alternative, more realistic explanation?

Asking yourself these types of questions can help break the habit of catastrophic thinking and help you be more flexible in your thinking. In the end, this could reduce your anxiety, or prevent your anxiety from getting worse.

10

How to Manage Catastrophic Thinking?

Three quick statements might calm and help:

1. “It’s not happening now.” It is possible that a catastrophe could occur in the future, but it’s not happening now. This phrase may help you see that at this moment you are safe.

2. “Whatever happens, I can cope.” This statement reminds you of your own inner resources and gives you the determination to meet the challenges of life.

3. ‘Could I stop?” Asking yourself a question tends to be more motivating than simply saying, “I will stop,” or the judgmental, “Stop!” The question “Could I stop?” helps you see you have a choice.

4. Do not forget your breathing to go alongside all of these challenges

11

HELP YOUR CHILD WITH CATASTROPHIC THINKING”

• Is that you or your worry? I am going to support you, not the anxiety

• What if you didn’t do your homework perfectly -- what would happen?

• Maybe you did make a mistake on your exam; what could you do to cope with that?

• It sounds like your anxiety is acting up. What could you do to boss it back? Could you maybe do some relaxed breathing? Are there any helpful thoughts that you can tell yourself?

• What do you think? How could you handle that?

• I guess you’ll just have to wait and find out.”

• When that happened last time, what did you do?

• What DO you think mother, father, sister, friend would do?

• What do you think action hero would do in this situation?

12

CONTACT DETAILS

Anxiety House

Hawthorne Medical Centre

Suite 2, 171 Riding Road

Hawthorne, QLD 4171

PO Box 297

Morningside, QLD 4171

www.anxietyhouse.com.au

07 3041 1164

07 3399 9481

admin@anxietyhouse.com.au

13

Q U E S T I O N S