of 26
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
1/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected] Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Science and Engineering FacultyBEN710 Sustainable Practice in Built Environment & Engineering
BEN710SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE IN
BUILT ENVIRONMENT & ENGINEERING
Teaching IntensiveDay 2
Dr Cheryl Desha
Senior Lecturer, Discipline Leader, QUT
Principal Investigator, TNEP
Threshold Concept #2: Whole System Design
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
2/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
3/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected] Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Implications for operating pre & post time t
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
4/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Platform for Change Diagrams
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Platform for Change Diagrams
Source:(a) Hargroves and Smith;[i]
(b) Hargroves and Smith[ii]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
5/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Comparison of incurred and committed costs for each phase of development
Source: Adapted from Andersen, D.M. (2008)[1]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
6/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
The cost of design changes throughout each phase of system development
Source: Source: Adapted from Ranky, P.G.[1]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
7/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
The value of front end design in reducing costs and risks
Source:Honour, E.C. (2004)[1]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
8/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
From a presentation from Amory Lovins, CEO, Rocky Mountain Institute
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
9/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Whole Systems Thinking/ Design
A process through which the interconnections
between systems are actively considered, & solutions
are sought that address multiple problemsat the same
time.
Solution Multiplier Effect
Win-Win-Win
Whole Systems Thinking
Front Loaded Design
End-Use / Least Cost
Teamwork
www.rmi.org
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
10/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Whole Systems Thinking/ Design
Meet social, economic, ecological and cultural needs
Improve basic environmental systems
Meet human psychological needs
Optimise use of urban space to increase biodiversity &ecosystem services
Improve community health and welfare
Increase the conditions for biophysical-ecological
welfare & increase natural capital Avoid fibres, fuels, foods, and processes that are
linked to the fossil fuel supply chain
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
11/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
10 Design Elements
1: Ask the Right Questions
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
2: Benchmark Against the Optimal System
3: Design and Optimise the Whole System
4: Account for All Measurable Impacts5: Design & Optimise Subsystems in the Right Sequence
6: Design & Optimise Subsystems to Achieve CompoundingResource Savings
7: Review the System for Potential Improvements8: Model the System
9: Track Technology Innovation
10: Design to Create Future Options
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
12/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
1. Ask the Right Questions
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
The range of potential technologies that can be used to provide the service of clean clothes,
and the dependence of each technology on energy resources.Source: adapted from Pears, A. (2003)[1]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
13/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
2: Benchmark Against the Optimal System
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
The brick manufacturing process
Source: The Brick Industry Association (2006)[1]
C
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
14/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
3: Design and Optimise the Whole System
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Potential (a) mass and (b) cost reductions through subsystem synergies arising
from a low mass primary structure and low drag shell components in passenger vehicles
Source: Brylawski and Lovins (1998)[1]
Th h ld L i C t 2
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
15/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
4: Account for All Measurable Impacts
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Impacts through synergies
Hidden impacts
Th h ld L i C t 2
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
16/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
5: Design & Optimise Subsystems - Right
Sequence
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
people before hardware
shell before contents application before equipment quality before quantity
passive before active demand before supply
Th h ld L i C t 2
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
17/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
The energy transmission and losses from raw material to the service
of a pumped fluid in typical industrial pumping system.
Source: Lovins, A.B. (2005)[1]
6: Design & Optimise Subsystems to
Achieve Compounding Resource Savings
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
18/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
19/26
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
20/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
www.60lgreenbuilding.com/
30 The Bond, Hickson Rd
I love the whole building: its clean andeasy to breathe in. I feel more awake andnot so tired after work
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
21/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Big Pipes, Small Pumps
Lay out the pipes first, thenthe equipment(not the reverse)
Optimise the WHOLE system, and formultiple benefits >92% savings!!
No new technologies, just
two design changes
Fat, short, straight pipes not skinny, long, crooked pipes!
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
22/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
8: Model the System
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Opportunities to reduce energy consumption in a dishwasher
Source:Pears, A. (2005)
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
23/26Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
9: Track Technology Innovation
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Using the elastic band analogy to compare forecasting with backcasting
Source:Adapted from Lovins, A.B. (2002)[1]
diminishingreturns
expanding returns
time time
Original system
Forecasting Backcasting
value value
most optimal most optimal
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
24/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
10: Design to Create Future Options
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Choosing best practiceor technologies
Designing wider options fornatural security and socialchoice
The standard decision tree compared to a sustainability design tree
Source:Birkeland, J. (2002)[1]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
25/26
Dr Cheryl Desha, Unit Convenor [email protected]
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
Case Study Summary
IndustrialPumping
Systems
A Whole System Approach to the redesign of a single-pipe, single-pump system focussed on a)
reconfiguring the layout for lower head loss and b) considering the effect of many combinations of pipe
diameter and pump power on life cycle cost. The WSD system uses 88% less power and has a 79%
lower 50-year life cycle cost than the conventional system.
Passenger
Vehicles
A Whole System Approach to the redesign of a passenger vehicle focussed on reducing mass by 52%
and reducing drag by 55%, which then reduces rolling resistance by 65% and makes a fuel cell
propulsion system cost effective. The WSD vehicle is also almost fully recyclable, generates zero
operative emissions and has a 95% better fuel-mass-consumption per kilometre than the equivalent
conventional vehicle.
Electronics and
Computer
Systems
A Whole System Approach to the redesign of a computer server focussed on using the right-sized,
energy efficient components, which then reduces the heat generated. The WSD server has 60% less
mass and uses 84% less power than the equivalent server, which would reduce cooling load in a data
centre by 63%
Temperature
Control of
Buildings
A Whole System Approach to the redesign of a simple house focussed on a) optimising the building
orientation, b) optimising glazing and shading and c) using more enregy efficient electrical appliaces and
lamps. While the WSD house has a $3000 greater capital cost than the conventional house, it has a29% lower cooling load will reduce energy costs by $15,000 over 30 years.
Domestic Water
Systems
A Whole System Approach to the redesign of a domestic onsite water system focussed on a) using
water efficient appliances in the house and b) optimising the onsite wastewater treatment subsystem,
which then reduces the capacity and cost of the subsurface drip irrigation subsystem, and reduces the
operating and maintenance costs. The WSD system uses 57% less water and has a 29% lower 20-year
life cycle cost than the conventional system.
Source: The Natural Edge Project (2008)
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
8/11/2019 2 TLC2 WSD
26/26
Threshold Learning Concept 2:
Whole System Design
One Minute Recall
1. What does Who le Sys tem Des ign
mean?
2. What does Fron t End Loaded Des ign
mean?
2. Recal l & br ief ly descr ibe 3 key elements of Whole
System Design
