2 Transitions

8/13/2019 2 Transitions

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Sentences without linking

words

Some people hate driving small cars.

The gas mileage is good.

Insert the disk into the A-drive of thecomputer. Make sure the power

switch is turned on.

You can increase your cumulativeGPA. Attend all classes.


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Some people hate driving small carseven thoughthe gas mileage is good.

Beforeinserting the disk into the A-drive of the computer, make sure thepower switch is turned on.

You can increase your cumulativeGPA. For one thing, attend allclasses.


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Transitions bridge the gap.

Transitions have bridged the gaps between ideas.

In Latin, trans means "across," so transitions carrythe reader "across" from one thought to another.

There are a number of ways in which transitionsconnect ideas and show relationships. Here is alist of the major types of transitions. Words that show addition

Words that show time

Words that show contrast

Words that show comparison

Words that show illustration

Words that show cause and effect


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1. WORDS THAT SHOW

ADDITION

One, also and words like them are

known as addition words.

Addition words tell you that the writeris presenting one or more ideas that

continue along the same line of

thought as a previous idea. Suchwords introduce ideas that add to a

thought already mentioned.


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Addition Words

One In addition First of all Furthermore

Also Moreover Second Last of all

Another Next Third Finally


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Practice 1

1. One reason Faiza is angry with her brother is that he borrowed her creditcards without asking. _______reason is that he used the cards to buy gifts

for his friends.

1. One reason Faiza is angry with her brother is that he borrowed her creditcards without asking. Another reason is that he used the cards to buy gifts

for his friends.

2. Living in the mountains can be troublesome. For one thing, heavy

rains can create mudslides on local roads. one can losecommunication with the rest of the world at times.

2. Living in the mountains can be troublesome. For one thing, heavy

rains can create mudslides on local roads. Furthermore one can losecommunication with the rest of the world at times.


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2. WORDS THAT SHOW

TIME

First and then and words like these are time

words.

These transitions indicate a time

relationship. They tell us when something

happened in relation to something elsehappening.


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TIME WORDS

first next as while

then before now during

often after until immediately

since soon previously frequently


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Practice 2

1. Advances in medical technology have forced doctors to redefine

when death actually occurs. the definition of death

seemed simple.

1. Advances in medical technology have forced doctors to redefine

when death actually occurs. Previously the definition of death

seemed simple.

2. the summer, we spend most of our time reading for pleasure,

watching movies and meeting friends.

2. During the summer, we spend most of our time reading for pleasure,watching movies and meeting friends.


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3. WORDS THAT SHOW

CONTRAST

Despite the fact, however, In contrast

and words like them are contrast

words. Contrast words inform us that

something is going to differ from what

we might expect.


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CONTRAST WORDS

but despite conversely on the other hand

however instead nevertheless on the contrary

yet still even though in spite of

although in contrast


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Practice 3

1. Many believe that Frankenstein is a monster ___ "Frankenstein" is the

name of the doctor who created the monster, which was never named.

1. Many believe that Frankenstein is a monster. However "Frankenstein" is

the name of the doctor who created the monster, which was never named.

2. Aslam wanted to watch the late movie on television; he went to

bed early because he was to get up early to go to the University.

2. Aslam wanted to watch the late movie on television; neverthelesshe went to

bed early because he was to get up early to go to the University.


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4. WORDS THAT SHOW

COMPARISON

Similarly, likewise, just as and words

like these are comparison words

The comparison words signal thatthe author is pointing out a similarity

between two subjects. They tell us that

the second idea is like the first one insome way.


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COMPARISON WORDS

Like Just as In the

same way

As well

As Likewise In like

manner

Equally

Just like Similar In a similar

fashion


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PRACTICE 4

1. A swarm of locusts looks a massive, dark

cloud moving across the sky.

1. A swarm of locusts looks like a massive, dark

cloud moving across the sky.

2. As a young boy, Rehman was often beaten by his

parents. Unfortunately, he now treats his own

children ____ .

2. As a young boy, Rehman was often beaten by his

parents. Unfortunately, he now treats his own

children in the same way.


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5. WORDS THAT SHOW

ILLUSTRATION

For example, to illustrate, and other

words like these are illustration words.

These illustration words indicate thatan author will provide one or more

examples to develop and clarify a

given idea. They tell us that a specificidea is an example of a general idea.


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Illustration Words

For example For instance To illustrate

Such as Once Including


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Practice 5

1.Throughout history, men have chosen to marry for

different reasons. In ancient Sparta, , men

needed wives solely for childbearing.

1.Throughout history, men have chosen to marry fordifferent reasons. In ancient Sparta, for instance , men

needed wives solely for childbearing.

2. Common courtesies, sayingplease and thankyou,are becoming less and less common.

2. Common courtesies, such assayingplease and thank

you,are becoming less and less common.


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6.WORDS THAT SHOW

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Because, therefore, consequently and

words like these are cause-and-effect

words. These cause-and-effect words signal

that the author is explaining why

something happened or will happen.


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Cause and Effect Words

Thus Because Because of If..then

As a result Result in Consequently since

Therefore Leads to Accordingly So


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Practice 6

1. there is an agrarian crisis in

India, farmers are committing suicides.

1. Because there is an agrarian crisis in India,

farmers are committing suicides.

2. Conflict can be beneficial. For instance, conflict

can needed social change.2. Conflict can be beneficial. For instance, conflict

canresult in needed social change.


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Some Points About Transitions

Here are two points to keep in mind about transitions:1. Some transition words have the same meaning. For example, also,

moreover, and furthermore all mean "in addition." Authors typicallyuse a variety of transitions to avoid repetition.

2. In some cases the same word can serve as two different types oftransition, depending on how it is used. For example, the word firstmay be used as an addition word to show that the author isbeginning a series of similar thoughts, as in the following sentence:

Plant researchers have developed promising new types ofapples. First, the apples are disease-resistant and don'tneed pesticides. Moreover,....

First may also be used to signal a time sequence, as in thissentence:

We had a terrible time last night. First, the electricitydisappeared. Then,....


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TRANSITIONS PRACTICE

Addition

Paranoid people often believe that someone isplotting against them. ___________________,theymay believe that everyone is talking about andstaring at them.

Moreover

Provident Fund has several advantages.______________, it is taken out of your paycheckautomatically, so you can easily save regularly.

First of all One responsibility of a university student is to be

regular and punctual in the classes. Another is doall assignments on time. A _____ is to makepresentations.

Third


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Time

_________ I complete my work, I will be ableto help you.

After

San Francisco tailor Levi Strauss originallymade jeans from canvas. It wasn't ________the early 1860s that he started using a softerfabric called denim.

Until My next-door neighbor ___________ plays

loud music, which annoys a number ofresidents around.

often


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Contrast The boss continues to defend Saleem ________the fact that

Many of his projects have failed.

despite

Some people think they have to exercise every day to stay in

shape. _________,three workouts a week are all they needto do.

However

Some people look upon eating as something to be done

quickly, so they can get on to better things. ____________,other people think eating is one of the better things.

In contrast

Professional writers don't wait for inspiration.______________, they stick to a strict schedule of writing.

On the contrary


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Contrast

_________________ the Khalid's lack of sales experience,the manager of the record store hired him because heknows a lot about music.

In spite of __________________ a large number of Pakistanis are

now concerned with fitness, the typical person can't climb aflight of steps without getting short of breath.

Even though Most American-born college students cannot converse in a

foreign language. __________________ a large number ofstudents in the developing countries can speak at least oneforeign language.

On the other hand


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Comparison

The computerized scanner has streamlined the supermarketcheck-out line. ______________, computerized fingerprintidentification allows the police to do in seconds what oncetook two hours.

Similarly

If advertisers make a hit slogan, they tend to repeat the ideain their next campaign, _____________ certain authors whokeep writing the same type of story over and over.

just like When individuals communicate, they are more likely to solve

their problems. ______________,countries can best solvetheir problems through communication.

In a similar fashion


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Comparison

My mother used to read stories to me at nights.______________, I read stories to my children now.

In the same way

_______________ people put their best qualitiesforward for romance, birds show off their skills orlooks during courtship.

Just as

Dogs can be trained by using a system of rewards. A_________ method can reinforce desirable behaviorin children.

similar


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Illustration

I can work as anchorman on many news channel, _________Geo and Business Plus.

including

Sometimes drivers don't seem to be paying full attention totheir driving. ______________, this morning I saw peopledriving while talking on car phones, combing their hair, andglancing at newspapers.

To illustrate Your relationship with the customers leaves a great deal to be

desired. _____________, it is rude to answer the phone bysaying "What do you want? and make it fast.

For example


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Cause and Effect

The fire had quickly destroyed nearby telephone lines._____________, witnesses were unable to call the firedepartment to report the blaze.

Consequently

____________ the enrolment in the college is beyondclassroom capacity, a large number of students are foundstanding during classes.

Since

There was a protest against the unions secrecy regardingfinancial record. ______________ the union executivesresigned.

As a result

_______________ one of the teams was late, the match wascancelled

Because

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