ReptilesReptilesKingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia

Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

Order: Order: TestudinesTestudines

Order: Order: SquamataSquamata

Order: Order: CrocodiliaCrocodilia

Class ReptiliaClass Reptilia Herpetology Herpetology – study – study

of reptilesof reptiles EctothermsEctotherms – cold – cold

blooded, must get blooded, must get heat from heat from environmentenvironment

Skin is covered with Skin is covered with scalesscales

Most are egg-layingMost are egg-laying Tetrapods Tetrapods – land-– land-

dwelling vertebratesdwelling vertebrates

EctothermsEctotherms Cold-blooded animals Cold-blooded animals

take on the temperature take on the temperature of their surroundingsof their surroundings

More active in warm More active in warm environments and very environments and very sluggish in cold sluggish in cold environmentsenvironments

Results of muscle Results of muscle activities that work on activities that work on chemical reactions chemical reactions which speed up in which speed up in warmer temperatureswarmer temperatures

EctothermsEctotherms Must bask in sun to Must bask in sun to

warm-up and speed-warm-up and speed-up metabolismup metabolism

Lie in certain Lie in certain directions and directions and expand rib cages to expand rib cages to absorb more heatabsorb more heat

If too hot they move If too hot they move to shade, burrow, to shade, burrow, open their mouth open their mouth wide, or lighten skin wide, or lighten skin colorcolor

Advantages vs. Advantages vs. DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Require less energy than Require less energy than warm-blooded animalswarm-blooded animals

Therefore in food scarce Therefore in food scarce environments such as the environments such as the desert they do not have desert they do not have to burn energy to keep to burn energy to keep warmwarm

Can reduce body Can reduce body temperature to save temperature to save energyenergy

Immune system more Immune system more efficient because bacteria efficient because bacteria grows slower in the coldgrows slower in the cold

Must be warm out for Must be warm out for them to have a certain them to have a certain level of activity to level of activity to hunt and defend hunt and defend themselvesthemselves

Also need it to be Also need it to be warm to find a mate warm to find a mate and reproduceand reproduce

Class ReptiliaClass Reptilia

Breathe air using Breathe air using lungslungs

Evolved from Evolved from amphibiansamphibians

EvolutionEvolution

Evolved during the Evolved during the Paleozoic Era from Paleozoic Era from the dinosaursthe dinosaurs

Included Included Icthyosaurs, Icthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, plesiosaurs, placodonts, and placodonts, and mosasaursmosasaurs

Order TestudinesOrder Testudines

Turtles, tortoises, Turtles, tortoises, and terrapinsand terrapins

Bony or Bony or cartilaginous shells cartilaginous shells are used for are used for protectionprotection

Shell is fused to Shell is fused to backbonebackbone

Sea TurtlesSea Turtles Legs have been Legs have been

modified into modified into flippersflippers

Cannot retract head Cannot retract head into shellinto shell

Lay eggs on landLay eggs on land 8 species who live 8 species who live

primarily in warm primarily in warm water, all water, all endangeredendangered

Feed on sea grasses Feed on sea grasses and seaweedsand seaweeds

BeakBeak

All turtles do not All turtles do not have teeth, instead have teeth, instead they have a beak they have a beak and strong biting and strong biting jawsjaws

Eat everything Eat everything from sea weeds to from sea weeds to sponges to sponges to barnacles to barnacles to jellyfishjellyfish

ExploitationExploitation Nesting areas turned Nesting areas turned

into resortsinto resorts Eggs are taken by the Eggs are taken by the

bucketful to be eatenbucketful to be eaten Adults meat Adults meat

considered a delicacy considered a delicacy and cartilage used in and cartilage used in turtle soupturtle soup

Some shells are Some shells are collected as jewelrycollected as jewelry

Shrimp nets trap and Shrimp nets trap and killkill

Order SquamataOrder Squamata

Includes sea Includes sea snakes and marine snakes and marine iguanasiguanas

Marine IguanasMarine Iguanas

Only lizard to feed Only lizard to feed underwaterunderwater

Shorter snout to Shorter snout to scrape algae off of scrape algae off of rocksrocks

Long, curled claws Long, curled claws to hold onto rocks in to hold onto rocks in rougher watersrougher waters

Longer, flattened Longer, flattened tails to help tails to help swimmingswimming

Diving AbilityDiving Ability

Can withstand long Can withstand long bouts of lactate for bouts of lactate for periods of to two periods of to two minutesminutes

Imagine being able Imagine being able to sprint as hard as to sprint as hard as you can for two you can for two minutes straightminutes straight

Sea SnakesSea Snakes

Breath airBreath air Flattened tail for Flattened tail for

swimmingswimming Flap covers nostril Flap covers nostril

while swimmingwhile swimming Eels have gills and Eels have gills and

no scalesno scales

Sea SnakesSea Snakes

Feed on fish, fish Feed on fish, fish eggs, and eelseggs, and eels

Stay in shallow Stay in shallow waters and can be waters and can be found in groupsfound in groups

VenomVenom

Venom used to immobilize Venom used to immobilize not kill preynot kill prey

Most toxic snakes on earthMost toxic snakes on earth Bite is painless due to short Bite is painless due to short

fangsfangs ½ Hour Symptoms: ½ Hour Symptoms:

stiffness, muscle aches, stiffness, muscle aches, spasm of jaw, pain in limbspasm of jaw, pain in limb

Eventual symptoms: Eventual symptoms: Blurred vision, drowsiness, Blurred vision, drowsiness, and respiratory paralysisand respiratory paralysis

Order CrocodiliaOrder Crocodilia

Saltwater Saltwater CrocodileCrocodile

Found in estuaries Found in estuaries and along the and along the coast of Indian coast of Indian Ocean, Australia, Ocean, Australia, and Western and Western Pacific IslandsPacific Islands

Evolution of CrocodileEvolution of Crocodile

Last of the types of Last of the types of reptiles around reptiles around during the during the dinosaursdinosaurs

Saltwater CrocodileSaltwater Crocodile

Animal most likely Animal most likely to attack and eat a to attack and eat a humanhuman

17-23 feet and 17-23 feet and 1000-2000 pounds 1000-2000 pounds in sizein size

Some estimated at Some estimated at as much as 33 feetas much as 33 feet