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April 20, 2023
Sanitary SurveysACFIN WASH Workshop
2009October 26th, 2009
Pierre-Yves Rochat, WASH Advisor, ACF-France
April 20, 2023 2
Reminder (1): What is a sanitary survey?
10-12 questions (Yes or No) addressing the sanitary-risk factors Example: assessment of risk of contamination of a hand-dug well
April 20, 2023 3
Reminder (2): How is the sanitary risk established?
Each risk receives equal weighting:• Yes = 1• No = 0
Establish the “sanitary risk score” Define risk categories Example:
April 20, 2023 4
Reminder (3): What it is used for?
To assess the likely quality of water Example:
— Open well, well/borehole with hand pump or motorised pump system
— Protected spring— Piped supply
pp 682-685
April 20, 2023 5
When can it be used? (1) Instead of bacteriological water analysis
But no or poor evidence of a correlation between E. coli content & Risk score !
Assessment Target water points/beneficiaries in relation to
the sanitary risk Example: Cholera in Zimbabwe, a project in Sierra
Leone 2 years later…
Risk analysis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Nu
mb
er o
f w
ells
Series1 2 10 7 0
No action Low action Higher action Urgent Action
April 20, 2023 6
When can it be used? (2) Evaluation or impact indicator
Measure the impact of an activity/result/objective (write it in the LFA!)
Example: Water management at HH level in Nepal
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 - 3 GOOD 4 - 7 BAD 8 - 10 VERY BAD
SCORE OF RISK
% V
ISIT
ED
HH
BASELINE FINAL
April 20, 2023 7
What else can be done? (1) Use the sanitary survey format to make your own form!
Example 1: Risk of contamination in case of floods in Mongolia
Questions Yes No Weight of the answerEvidence of open defecation in Asha? 2 pts if YesPresence of faeces disposal in Asha? 2 pts if NoDo the faeces disposal seem to be used? 2 pts if NoWas the faeces disposal overflowed during the last flooding? 10 pts if YesAre there Flies around the faeces disposal? 1 pt if YesCan the Faeces be in contact with the water table? (water in the pit?) 10 pts if YesIs there a used water source within 30m ? (spring, river…) 10 pts if YesIs the faeces disposal dirty? (presence of cheat) 1 pt if YesCan the faeces disposal be used during the winter? 2 pts if NoCould the floor be dangerous ? (old…) 1 pt if Yes
Notation of the risk in case of flood? Low/average/High Low Average High
Score: -
0 to 2 Risk of contamination at the family level2 to 5 Risk of ground water contamination5 to 8 Risk of water point contamination
8 to 10 Very High Risk of contamination (ground water, water point, direct)
April 20, 2023 8
What else can be done? (2) Use the sanitary survey format to make your own survey!
Example 2: PDM of ceramic filters in Haiti 3 months after distribution, 80.6% of the beneficiaries
use their filters in a “safe manner” (8 or 9 or 10 x YES)
1. Filtre toujours en usage au jour d’aujourd’hui (eau dans le filtre) Oui / Non
2. Ensemble filtre / récipient couvert (couvercle d’origine bien en place) Oui / Non
3. Ensemble filtre / Récipient placé sur un support (table ou étagère) Oui / Non
4. Ensemble filtre / Récipient placé à l’intérieur de la maison Oui / Non
5. Ensemble Filtre / Récipient avec 2 bougies correctement montées Oui / Non
6. Robinet fonctionnel Oui / Non
7. 2 Bougies propres Oui / Non
8. 2 Bougies intactes (cassure, fêlure…) Oui / Non
9. Récipients et couvercle intacts (cassure, fêlure…) Oui / Non
10. Propreté satisfaisante des récipients et du couvercle Oui / Non
April 20, 2023 9
A great tool!
+ -Quick & easy
Needs to be tested & surveyors need training
Impact indicatorCorrelation with E.Coli content
needs to be established ( research?)
From assessment to monitoring & evaluation
Not used much within ACF WASH programs
Sanitary surveys need to be developed &
experiences shared!
Can be used by local authorities as well
Can be used both in emergency and post-crisis contexts
Is not “restricted” to water points but can be used more broadly (HH, latrines, PDM,
etc.)