2002.12.05 - SLIDE 1IS 202 – FALL 2002

Lecture 27: Final Review

Prof. Ray Larson & Prof. Marc Davis

UC Berkeley SIMS

Tuesday and Thursday 10:30 am - 12:00 pm

Fall 2002http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/academics/courses/is202/f02/

SIMS 202:

Information Organization

and Retrieval

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Announcements

• Extra Credit due date extended until December 13

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Storytelling(narrative structures)

Information Architecture

Approach to User Interface Design

Interaction Design

MediaDesign

points of view

politics of information

scenarios

From Abbe Don, 202 Lecture 2001

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What is information architecture?

• Information Architect: n. 1) the individual who organizes the patterns inherent in data, making the complex clear. 2) a person who creates the structure or map of information which allows others to find their personal paths to knowledge. 3) the emerging 21st century professional occupation addressing the needs of the age focused upon clarity, human understanding and the science of the organization of information.– Richard Saul Wurman, Information Architects, 1996

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Elements of information architecture

• Organization systems

• Labeling systems

• Navigation systems

• Search and indexing systems

• Metaphor systems

• Audience analyses

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Elements of Information Architecture

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*= major labels

Organization system

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Search System

Navigation System

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Organization Systems

• Ways to Organize Information– Topics– Tasks– Processes– Metaphors– Narratives– Audiences

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Types of Labels

• Labels as indexing and search terms

• Link labels

• Labels as headings

• Labels within navigation systems (e.g., pull down menus)

• Icons

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Navigation Systems

• Types– Hierarchical– Global– Local– Other?

• Information access methods including social navigation, berrypicking, etc.

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Search and Indexing Systems

• Search– database versus text search– Good search engines can handle multiple notations– People are interested in searching db fields for

ecommerce– Synonyms

• mostly per domain• Inktomi includes American to British synonyms

– Interfaces• Basic search everywhere• Simple search page• Advanced search page with all options• Put “search” on the button• Integrate search with browsing

(from Avi Rappoport’s lecture of 27 Sept 2001)

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Metaphor Systems

• Organizational metaphors (e.g., website organized according to corporate structure)

• Functional metaphors (e.g., website organized like a libraries, with volumes, shelves, catalogs, etc.)

• Visual metaphors (e.g., website organized like a machine or a city)

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Metaphor Systems

• Recall Lakoff and Johnson’s metaphors of embodiment and their use in cognitive mapping of websites (e.g., Maglio et al., 1999).

• E.g, how does one move in, up, down, etc. in navigating a website.

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Audience

• Who is the website for?• How does one describe this audience?

– Scenarios– Personae (see Alan Cooper, About Face: The

Essentials of User Interface Design)• Goals and Tasks

• Enthnography (see Illinois Institute of Technology, Design Department)

• Usability studies (see Nielsen and Norman Group)

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Case Study

• Don and Co. example from Abbe Don (Abbe Don Interactive, Co) from IS 202 Lecture, Fall 2001

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Edward Don & Company

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System Components

AS400

Purchasing

WarehouseInventory

InvoicesPayments

Sales ForceAutomation

Web ecommerce

App ServertemplatesDAM

Print

QuarkExpress

Extensions

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Taxonomy (catalog at www.don.com)

• KITCHEN– COOKWARE

• Stock Pots– heavy weight – standard weight – stainless steel – lids

• Sauce Pots– heavy weight – standard weight – lids

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The Big False Assumptions

• The AS400 classification system was accurate and consistent

• The AS400 classification system contained all the business logic necessary to run the business, including generating marketing communications materials

• EY built web architecture and database based on AS400 system

• Image, Inc. assumed AS400 classification as basis of DAM database design

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The Bearer of Bad News

• Class/subclass was ok• Things below that were a mess• A lot of “human translation” was done between

the AS400 and the marketing communications print materials to get them into “customer ready” form

• The internal owner of the classification system dug in his heels

• The two outside vendors blamed each other, denied responsibility and were reluctant to fix the problem

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Resolving the Issues

• Could barely talk about the problem because everyone had a different vocabulary and understanding of the issues

• Created detailed HTML page mockups (live demo)• AS400 taxonomy changed to

category/subcategory/class/subclass• Entire taxonomy was reviewed and edited• Marketing Communications “presentation” model

which was previously thought to correspond to “class” was not in synch.

• Business Rules project initiated to synchronize “managing the business” and “communicate with customers.”

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Lecture Overview

• Review– Information Architecture

• What is information architecture?• Elements of information architecture

– Organization systems– Labeling systems– Navigation systems– Search and indexing systems– Metaphor systems– Audience analyses

• Case Study

• Final ReviewCredit for some of the slides in this lecture goes to Warren Sack and Abbe Don

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Final Exam Details

• Due to some scheduling conflicts we are giving the final TWICE

• Dates: December 12 and December 13– Show of hands…

• Time: 9:30-12:30• The exam is open-book and open note• It will be hand-written, so be sure to bring:

– Pens/Pencils– Calculator– (Paper will be provided on the exam itself, but

you may want to bring scratch paper)

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Final Exam Details

• The exam will be comprehensive, covering both the Organization and Retrieval parts of the course – be the emphasis will be on the last half (Retrieval)

• Questions will be worth a specific number of points and these will be stated on the exam itself

• Partial credit will be awarded for partial answers• In your answers, please balance conciseness

with illustration of all of the requested information– In other words, don't write a lot of things that aren't

asked for, but try to address all of what is asked for

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Study Guide

• To study for the exam:• Be sure you understand the material that was

covered in lectures and have read and absorbed the corresponding material in the readings

• Be sure you can do activities similar to what was done in the homework assignments

• We will have questions that require you to generalize from what you've learned and synthesize ideas– So be sure you have thought about the ideas covered

in lecture, readings, and homework assignments

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Example Questions

• These are available on the Class Web site• Note that these examples are NOT the

exact questions that will be on the exam but are similar to questions that have been used in the past

• There will be questions that ask you to do something with supplied data– For example, given some data, design an ER

diagram describing the data elements and their relationships

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Example Questions

• The example questions on the web site are organized (approximately) in the order that the topics were presented during the course:– Information– Metadata– Classification/Category Design– Human Category structure– Database Design– Documents and Statistics of Text– Lexical Relationships– Queries, Ranking, and the Vector Space Model– IR Systems and Implementation– Evaluation of IR Systems– The Search process and User Interfaces– Relevance Feedback– Web Site Design– The design process

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Course Outline

• Organization– Overview– Categorization– Metadata and markup– Metadata for multimedia

• Photo Project

– Controlled vocabularies, classification, thesauri

– Information design• Thesaurus design

• Database design

• Retrieval– The search process– Content analysis

• Tokenization, Zipf’s law, lexical associations

– IR implementation– Term weighting and

document ranking• Vector space model

– User interfaces• Overviews, query

specification, providing context

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Review of Course Content

• We can draw on:– 27 sets of Slides (including this one)– Handout papers– The Reader– Textbooks

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Your Questions

• What topics would you like more explanation for?

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Study hard, and good luck!

Thank you for all the great work!