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2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Metamodel Framework for Ontology
Keqing He, Yixin Jing, Yangfan He
State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering
Wuhan University [email protected]
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Content
1. Introduction of ISO/IEC WG32 Subject MMFI
2. Introduction of Metamodel Framework for Ontology
3. MMF for Ontology Definition
4. Future works
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Introduction of ISO/IEC WG32 Subject 19763
-----------Metamodel Framework Interoperability
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Intention
• Various types of metamodels spreading all over domains
ebXML Registry, UDDI, 11179 Registry……
• Confliction brings obstacle to communication and exchange between different information resources
• The lack of standardization to specify common bases for consistent development and registration of metamodels
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Intention
Registering and sharing of various type of the modeling constructs such as models, ontologies, Identification scheme, Metadata or Mapping transformation rules, rather than standardizing the defining scheme for the modeling constructs.
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Registry Federation with Metamodel Framework
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Abstraction Layer where MMF Resides in
Pattern :
Universe of Discourse
Modeling Constructs
Stereotype :
Template:
MetamodelMetaModel
Metamodel
Modeling Facility
M3
M2
M1
M0
ModelModel
ModelModel
Model
Metamodel Framework
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Metamodel Framework Architecture
Metamodel Framework for Ontology
Metamodel Framework for Mapping
Metamodel Framework for Modeling Constructs
Core Model
MOF 11179 MDR
Metamodel Framework
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Overviews of Working Draft
Part-2 :
Metamodel framework core model
Part-3:
Metamodel framework for Ontology
Part-4:
Metamodel framework for model mapping
Part-5:
Metamodel framework for Model Constructs
Part-6:
Registration Procedure
Part-1: Reference Model(MOF & 11179-3)
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Introduction of Metamodel Framework for Ontology
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Problem to be addressed
• Since ontology describing tools among different developers don’t adopt the same way outlining how an ontology structure is organized, the interoperability between them is blocked
• MDR by far doesn’t support ontology metadata registry, while ontology data rising rapidly on internet
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Problem to be addressed
• Core model has enhanced model registry facility, but not particularly designed for ontology
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Core Model ---foundation of our work
MOF
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Core Model ---foundation of our work
DataEl ement
DataEl ementConcept
1
0. . n
+expressi ng
+expresed by
Conceptual Domai n
10. . n
+speci f yi ng+havi ng
Val ueDomai n
10. . n
+repreent i ng+represented by
1
0. . n
+represented by
+represent i ng
10. . n 1
0. . n
10. . n
1
0. . n
11179-3
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
DataElement(MDR から)
DataElementConcept(MDR から)
ValueDomain(MDR から)
ConceptualDomain(MDR から)
Namespace(MOF1.4 から)
TypedElement(MOF1.4 から)
ModelAssociationEnd
ModelReference
+referencedEnd
+referent
reforeTo
+exposedEnd
+referre
/exposed
ModelAssociation
ModelCollaboration ModelCommponent ModelFramework
Package(MOF1.4 から)
ModelPattern ModelStereotype
Classifier(MOF1.4 から)
ModelConcept
ModelSelection
1
0..n
+expressed by1
+expressing0..n
ModelInstance
10..n+representing
1+represented by
0..n
ModelDomain
10..n
+specifying
1
+having
0..n1
0..n
+governed by
1
+governing
0..n
ModelConstruct
0..n
1
+having0..n
+owned by1
IsOfInstance
ModelProfile
ModelClassifier
+modelType
+typedModel
IsOfType
ModelElement(MOF1.4 から)
Reference(MOF1.4 から)
ModelCodedValue
Core Model ---foundation of our work
MOF
11179-3
CoreModeloverlap
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Ontology Representation Manners
• OWL --- a revision of the DAML+OIL web ontology language incorporating lessons learned from the design and application of DAML+OIL.
• CG, KIF
X M L
R D F
R D F S
DAML+OIL + computed classes, equivalence, etc.
+ subclasses/subproperties
+ object graph structure
syntax
extends
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
RDF Class Hierarchy
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
DAML+OIL MetamodelisOfType
rdfs:Resource
ObjectProperty
DatatypeProperty
daml:Class
daml:List
daml:Ontology
daml:Thing
rdf:Property
rdfs:Class
rdfs:rangeSlot
OntologyConstruct
rdfs:domain
daml:Cardinality
daml:equivalentTo
daml:toClass
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Ontology Definition Metamodel(ODM)
•Status: OMG’s RFP
•Start point of ODM is OWL
•ODM is MOF-compliant
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
MMF for Ontology Definition
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoConceptDomain
•OntoConceptDomain defines the concept boundary of ontology, identifying the universe of discourse
•It resides in mind, and is a collection of concept domain items, named OntoConcept (introduced later)
•It is independent of representation
Biology OntoConceptDomain
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoConcept
<OntoConceptDomain>Biology
Animal
Plant
Virus
having
OntoConcept
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoConcept<continued>
• OntoConcept is a metaclass identifying a namespace of ontologies to distinct OntoSelection(introduced later)
• The instance of a OntoConcept is a set of OntoConcept Items, which are expressed by OntoSelection
• It is also independent of representation
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoConcept<continued>
Web
having same concept
Mapping
Ontology Meta-model Framework-OntoConcept
complying with complying with
Disordered Information
Well-formed OntologyExpressed in manner A
Well-formed OntologyExpressed in manner B
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoConceptDomain & OntoConcept
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoInstance
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#carnivore" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Animal" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>
OWL
EatCarnivore AnimalC G-(DF)
OntoInstance
expressed by
<OntoConceptDomain>Biology
(Eat [Carnivore] [Animal])
C G I F
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoInstance<continued>
• OntoInstance is a specification of a particular ontology concept domain
• OntoInstances are governed by Onto-ConceptDomain and designate values of OntoConceptDomain
• OntoInstance is represented by various of approaches, such as OWL, CG, KIF etc.
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoInstance<continued>
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoExpression
• OntoExpression is the meta definition of approach through which OntoInstance specify a OntoConceptDomain.
• OntoExpression is independent of ontology domain.
• OntoExpression defines most general concept appearing in ontology.
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoExpression<continued>
• OntoExpression defines the meta concept which we want to register in system, including terms and relationship between them.
• While defining OntoExpression, we reference to ODM, because we hope to accept various ontology expressions as many as possible
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoExpression Packages
OntoKernel
OntoPropertyOntoClass
OntoIndividualOntology
Data
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoKernel-Example
Comment
Biology
Animal
Plantliving organism that is not an animal, which grows in the earth and usually has a stem, leaves and roots
Ontology
OntologyConstruct AnnotationProperty
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoKernel Package DiagramThis package define basic element in a ontology
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Ontology - Example
Biology
Animal
Plant
Furniture Manufactory
Paint
Materials
TreeWoodGrass
Treeimport
OntologyProperty
A B
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Ontology Package DiagramThis package define relationship between ontologies
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoClass - Example
MaleFemale
Dad
Parent
Father
Human Beings
sub-of
intersectionOfdisjointWith
equivalentWith
OntologyClass
OntologyClassRelation
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoClass Package Diagram
This package define class in ontology
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoProperty-Example
DatatypeProperty ObjectProperty
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoProperty Package Diagram This package define 2 kinds of property in ontology
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoIndividual Package DiagramThis package define individual appearing in ontology
•Class extension of Thing is the set of all individuals. Every class is a subclass of Thing.
•Class extension of Nothing is the empty set. Nothing is the subclass of every class.
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoSelection
OntoConcept
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Carnivore" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Animal" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Class rdf:ID=“Cat"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#Carnivore" /> </owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:ID=“Mouse"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#Animal" /> </owl:Class>
Cat eat mouse
OntoInstance(by OWL)
OntoSelection(by OWL)
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Cat" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Mouse" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoSelection
• OntoSelection designate a selection from the OntoInstance based on user requirement, corresponding to the OntoConcept
• An instance of the OntoSelection is a concrete OntoInstance that is a value of the OntoConceptDomain related to the specific OntoConcept
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
OntoSelection RegistryOntoSelection
BOntoSelection
A
Animal Plant …
By OWL
By CG
OntoConceptOntoInstance
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Overview of MMF for OntologyModelDomain(from Core)
OntoConceptDomain
OntoInstance
ModelInstance(from Core)
OntoExpression
ModelConstruct(from Core)
OWLExpression CGExpression
inherit
OntoSelection0..n0..n
0..n
1
1
1
OntoConcept1 1
0..n
0..n
2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization
Future Work
• Adjust with the change of Core Model• Study the registry of ontology not only on
different expression, but on different aspects, such as up-level ontology, process ontology
• This presentation is primary idea of new version of draft. Completed draft would be finished in near future