AUSTRALIAAdvancing Global Enterprise

GERMANY

Barbara Barkhausen and Wolfgang Mueller

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187_Front 5/8/05 3:45 PM Page 2

Introduction 4

Advisory Group 6

Roll of Honour 8

SECTION ONE1 GERMANY 10

Germany—a leading global nation in Europe 12

German states maintain individuality 16

2 AUSTRALIA 32

Australia’s role in Asia-Pacific and the world 34

The world’s only nation continent 38

SECTION TWO3 THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 48

Research, development and transfer of intellectual property 50

Biotechnology shows the way to the future 68

Two high-quality health systems 72

Financial sector gains importance 89

4 ENVIRONMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE 86

Energy—from fossil fuels to state-of-the-art technology 88

Life-giving water—a precious commodity 92

Infrastructure—vital for growth 96

Environment is a key issue 102

Reforms smooth the way for new business 106

Mining and exploration increase 109

5 BRANDS 120

Automotive sector—a key exporter 122

Fashion comes of age 123

Wine and food move with the times 133

Design—a forum for creative cooperation and exchange 137

6 PEOPLE 144

Education bridges national borders 146

Old and new world cultures meet 150

Germans have a passion for travel 154

Australia—a unique experience 158

Two sport-loving nations 162

7 FACTS AND FIGURES 166

Useful contacts 182

Directory of Participants 184

Photo credits 190

Index 191

CONTENTS

187_Front 5/8/05 3:45 PM Page 3

Firstly, I would like to congratulate the

project participants and the publisher

for creating the second edition of

Australia–Germany: Advancing Global

Enterprise. I would also like to commend

the members of the project's distinguished

Advisory Group for the input and

direction they have provided.

Like its predecessor, this edition provides

a thorough and contemporary analysis

of the trade, investment and cultural

relationships that exist between Australia

and Germany. It continues to recognise

that these relationships extend beyond

the domestic markets of both countries.

It acknowledges the benefits each

economy stands to enjoy by providing

a platform from which the respective

partners can access regional markets

in Eastern Europe and Asia.

It is marvellous to see the many

commercial and cultural relationships

that have developed between citizens

of our two nations, and also the growing

interest among our young people in

visiting each other’s country, whether

to study, to explore or simply to enjoy

the very different experience.

At this time, when more and more of

our communication is electronic, it is

perhaps a good thing to have this book,

as a tangible showcase of our positive

and growing relationship.

Achim Drescher

Managing Director, State Shipping Line, SydneyVice-President, Australian German Association Inc (AGA)Co-chairman, Advisory Group

INTRODUCTION

004 INTRODUCTION

187_Front 5/8/05 3:45 PM Page 4

INTRODUCTION 005

It is a great pleasure and honour for me

to be associated with this new edition

of Australia–Germany: Advancing Global

Enterprise as Chairman of the German

Advisory Group. I am sure this volume,

like its predecessor in 1999, will be a

valuable tool for business people from

both our countries, with its well-

researched information on the business

environments in Germany and Australia,

the strong bilateral trade and investment

links that exist, and the opportunities

to build on these links into the future.

After six years, the same key messages

are valid. Both economies have seen some

changes over the years, and I would like

to draw attention to the very positive

developments in the Australian economy,

with its impressive growth rates and

budget surpluses.

Bilateral relations between Australia

and Germany have also developed

in a very positive way. Australia is an

important trading partner for Germany

and, since 2004, Germany’s fourth-largest

export destination. Trade between

our two countries has been steadily

growing, with a considerable German

surplus in our trade balance. Foreign

investment between our two countries

is also increasing.

There is always room for further

improvement, however. Business

opportunities in both countries deserve

to be recognised more clearly. This is

especially so in the face of growing

regional integration both in Asia-Pacific

and in Europe, which adds to the

existing strengths of Germany and

Australia as business locations.

This book not only offers profoundly useful

information on both markets and bilateral

exchange, it also showcases examples of

successful business activities. The writers

have gathered a wealth of relevant

information and have made the book

an authoritative guide to the successes

and the opportunities of our countries’

strong and productive relationship.

I recommend this publication to readers

from business and politics alike,

both as an overview of German–

Australian relations and as an outlook

on future possibilities.

Professor Dr-Ing. Eckhard Rohkamm AO

Chairman, OAV—German Asia-Pacific Business AssociationCo-chairman, Advisory Group

187_Front 5/8/05 3:45 PM Page 5

ADVISORY GROUP

CHAIRMAN

Professor Dr-Ing. Eckhard Rohkamm AO

Chairman

OAV—German Asia-Pacific Business Association

Her Excellency Mrs Pamela Fayle

Ambassador to Germany

Australian Embassy

Juergen Fitschen

Member of the Group Executive Committee

Deutsche Bank AG

Dr Hans-Peter Keitel

Chairman of the Executive Board

Hochtief AG

Dr Klaus Meves

Chairman of the Executive Board

Hamburg Süd

Dr h.c. August Oetker

General Partner

Dr August Oetker KG

Dr Monika Stärk

Executive Director

OAV—German Asia-Pacific Business Association

GERMANY

006 ADVISORY GROUP

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ADVISORY GROUP 007

AUSTRALIA

CHAIRMAN

Achim Drescher

Managing Director

State Shipping Line, Sydney

and Vice President,

Australian German Association Inc

Martin Albrecht AC

Chairman

Thiess Pty Ltd

Mark Bethwaite

Managing Director and Chief

Executive Officer

Australian Business Limited

Dr David Charles

Director

The Allen Consulting Group

Peter Dreher

Partner

Madgwicks

Lawyers

and Executive Officer

Australian German Association Inc

Peter Duncan

President

Australian German Association Inc

Dr Roland Goll

Director

Goethe-Institut

Peter Hordern

Partner

Minter Ellison Revenue Group

Wallace King AO

Chief Executive Officer

Leighton Holdings Limited

Ron Koehler

Managing Director

Schenker Australia Pty Ltd

Paul König

Partner

PricewaterhouseCoopers

His Excellency Mr Martin Lutz

Ambassador

Embassy of the Federal Republic

of Germany

Maurice L Newman AC

Chairman

Australian Stock Exchange

Limited

Steven Rich AM

Chairman

Focus Publishing Pty Ltd

Dr Franz Sauter

Managing Director

BMW Australia Ltd

Richard F E Warburton AO

Director

O’Connell Street Associates

Irene Zeitler

Partner

Freehills

Walking around a spiral ramp, tourists view the

reflective core of the Reichstag dome in Berlin.

187_Front 5/8/05 3:45 PM Page 7

ROLL OF HONOUR

MAJOR

Bayer

Hamburg Süd

Invest in Germany

Man Nutzfahzeuge AG

SEW-Eurodrive

Thiess Pty Ltd

ThyssenKrupp Technologies

KEY

a. hartrodt

AGA (Australian German Association Inc)

BASF Australia

Bilfinger Berger Australia Pty Ltd

BMW Australia Ltd

Carl Zeiss

DaimlerChrysler Australia/Pacific Pty Ltd

Degussa Australia

Deutsche Bank

Deutz Australia

The German–Australian Chamber of

Industry and Commerce

Group of Eight

Lufthansa

OAV—German Asia-Pacific

Business Association

Paul Hartmann

PricewaterhouseCoopers

Schenker Australia

Siemens

Wacker-Chemie

The airy colonnade of Australia’s

New Parliament House in the nation’s

capital, Canberra.

008 ROLL OF HONOUR

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ROLL OF HONOUR 009

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SECTION ONE

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GERMANY

1

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:56 PM Page 011

Germany is one of the world’s leading nations—

third in terms of its economic output and first in

the world for exports. The country is an attractive

market for foreign investors, offering a superbly

developed infrastructure and a highly motivated,

well-qualified work force. Situated in the centre

of Europe and lying between Scandinavia and

the Mediterranean countries, Germany links

western and eastern Europe and sees itself as

the gateway to the growth markets of central

and eastern Europe.

Following the unification of the two German states

in 1990, Berlin, in the northeast, became the

capital. Germany has an integral role not only in

the EU, but also in the United Nations (UN) and

the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).

With 82 million people, Germany is one of the

most densely populated countries in Europe.

The country covers about 360,000 square

kilometres and is smaller than neighbouring France,

with its 547,000 square kilometres and 60 million

inhabitants. Seven million citizens do not have their

origin in Germany, giving the country an

extraordinary cultural and ethnic variety.

Germany is a member of the Economic and

Monetary Union (EMU) and introduced the euro

on 1 January 2002. It is not only the location

of its new capital that has made the German

government a supporter of the European Union’s

(EU) enlargement towards the eastern European

states. The EU has 25 members, and Bulgaria,

Romania, Croatia and Turkey are candidates for

future membership. Supporters say that Germany’s

ageing society will need skilled migration from

the East. Opponents fear that the weak domestic

labour market could be further shaken by the

cheap workforce from eastern Europe. Germany

has found something of a happy medium.

It convinced the European Commission that

existing EU members should be allowed to restrict

the migration of workers from the new member

states for up to seven years.

Germany is a federal republic, comprising 16 states

(Bundesländer). Three levels can be distinguished

in the structure of the country’s administration:

federal, Länder (states or countries) and local

(municipal). Each state has its own government

and parliament—a system that ensures and

promotes independence and self-governance.

012 GERMANY

PREVIOUS PAGE:

The spectacular dome

of the Reichstag in Berlin.

INSET: A statue in the

marketplace, Bremen.

RIGHT: The plenary chamber

of the Reichstag, Germany’s

federal parliament.

GERMANY—A LEADING GLOBAL NATION IN EUROPE

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:56 PM Page 012

A LEADING GLOBAL NATION IN EUROPE 013

Flags flutter in front of

Frankfurt’s soaring trade

fair tower. Frankfurt is world

renowned as the home of

international trade fairs.

Within the framework of the federal law, the states

can make their own decisions.

A nation with its focus on the worldThe German economy is the third-biggest in the

world after the United States and Japan. German

companies have a firmly international focus and are

among the world’s largest and most technologically

advanced producers and exporters of iron, steel,

coal, cement, machinery, vehicles, machine tools,

electronics, chemicals, shipbuilding, food and

beverages, and textiles. The country has great diversity

in many areas and its people are known as ambitious,

reliable and hardworking. A ‘Made in Germany’

label is highly regarded in other countries, and

people all over the world respect the quality and

precision of German-made cars, electronics and

machinery. In recent years export and investment have

been especially buoyant in the Asia-Pacific market.

But the German economy faced difficult times

after reunification in 1990. Growth has been slow,

partly owing to the fact that the new eastern states

have continued to need assistance to upgrade

infrastructure and develop economically.

Unemployment has grown to more than five million

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:56 PM Page 013

(12 per cent) since the early 1990s. After its

election in 2002 the Social Democratic government

drafted a reform package, Agenda 2010, to relax

bureaucracy and modernise the economy, the

labour market and the social system, as well as

to encourage new business ventures. The aim was

to find new ways of providing for old-age pensions

and public health. It introduced one-euro jobs

(a small wage incentive on top of unemployment

benefits) to reintroduce unemployed people into

the workforce. Agenda 2010 was a point of

controversy between the major parties.

Nevertheless, every future government will have

to continue to address these issues.

Economists from the Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) are optimistic

about the changes Germany has implemented.

They expect the reforms to strengthen Germany even

further and to produce a small economic boom

in future years.

Although Germany’s mainstay is manufacturing,

the service sector has caught up. Since the 1970s the

federal government and the Länder have promoted

growth industries like information technology and

biotechnology, and Germany is an international leader

in both. Germany also leads in the use of

renewable energy and environmental protection.

In the environmental technology sector there is

great potential to increase German investment in

and exports to Australia.

International companies seek prosperityGermany has one of the most deregulated

economies in Europe, resulting in more than

22,000 foreign companies—with more than

2.7 million employees—investing in the country.

The United States, the Netherlands, Switzerland

and Japan are the biggest foreign investors.

Adam Opel, Ford, ESSO, Philip Morris, Hewlett-

Packard, General Electric, Unilever and Coca-Cola

have long-established subsidiaries and investments

in Germany. Asian investments have recently entered

the arena. In 2004 the Chinese investment house

D’Long took over the German company Dornier.

Australian exports of goods and services to Germany

have grown 30 per cent in the past 10 years

(1994–2004). Australia’s direct investment in Germany

is below A$1 billion ( 604 million) and there is

great potential for further expansion. Export and/or

investment opportunities exist in:

• the automotive industry, including manufacture

of original equipment, components, light materials,

after-market components and accessories,

alternative fuels technology and equipment, and

tooling and production equipment, as well as

engineering services

014 GERMANY

The modern campus of

the Technical University

in Munich, one of the world’s

leading universities.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:56 PM Page 014

• information and communication technologies,

including security, software and niche hardware

•biotechnology, including research and

development contracts, research and strategic

collaborations, licensing agreements and the

export of base products like marine and plant

organisms for pharmaceutical manufacture

•education and training, particularly in information

technology, international law, international business

and technology

• fresh produce, including apples, citrus fruits, pears

and cherries, and high-quality seafood

•wine, mainly red wine. (When Germany’s foreign

minister Joschka Fischer visited Austalia in 2005,

he commented on the successful Austalian wine

industry, which has many friends in Germany.)

Germany has highly effective small and medium-sized

companies. Staedtler (writing equipment) and Hella

(lights and electronics for cars), for example, are

typical medium-sized companies. There are regional

centres that are considered to be world-class clusters

for information technology, medical technology,

banks and the media. Bavaria, for example, has

gathered about 750 manufacturing companies and

40 research institutes in the optical technology

sector, and eastern Germany has several important

clusters in the automotive, life science, chemical

and service industries.

Opportunities in knowledge sharingGermany’s professional training and German

universities such as the Technische Universität

München and the Humboldt-Universität in Berlin

are renowned worldwide.

Germany also has the greatest concentration of

innovative companies in Europe: more than 20 per

cent of patent applications to the European Patent

Office are from Germany.

Germany is also one of the major world trade fair

sites. Fairs include the ITB (Berlin: tourism),

the CeBIT (Hanover: information technology,

telecommunications, software), the IAA

(Hanover: cars), the Book Fair (Frankfurt) and

the Toy Trade Fair (Nuremberg). Delegations from

three German states—North Rhine-Westphalia,

Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria—visited Australia

in 2004 and again in 2005 to forge tighter

relationships and seek cooperative opportunities

with Australian companies.

A LEADING GLOBAL NATION IN EUROPE 015

More than 20 per cent of patent applications to

the European Patent Office are from Germany.

Hamburg is Germany’s

second-largest city and

its principal port. Around

115 million tonnes of goods

were shipped from Hamburg

in 2004.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 015

016 GERMANY

Surrounded by the Berlin

Wall, which divided the city

for 30 years, the triumphal

columns of the Brandenburg

Gate now symbolise the

reunification of Germany.

The historic Brandenburg

Gate is the trademark

of Berlin.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 016

The Federal Republic of Germany, like Australia,

is a federation of states. Sixteen states (Länder),

each with its own government, traditions and

characteristics, form today’s Germany. Although

Germany has always been divided into states, it was

only after World War II that the current borders

came into place. The new states—Brandenburg,

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-

Anhalt and Thuringia—did not join the republic until

3 October 1990: the end of the German Democratic

Republic and the start of a reunified Germany.

The German states are very independent, especially

in their fiscal policies. There is no single budget for

the whole of Germany, but a plethora of budgets

for federal, state and municipal bodies.

The states are very influential and are able to

determine federal policy via the upper house of

parliament, the Bundesrat. The Bundesrat

comprises representatives of each state

government—each state has three to six members,

depending on its population. The Bundesrat

represents the opinions of the states, not the

opinion of its single members, and is an effective

instrument for the states to pursue their particular

areas of interest.

Similarly to the Australian states, the German states

declare laws in the areas of:

• cultural affairs

• education policy

• radio and television

• municipalities

• the rights of the police

• the university and college system

• how cities, municipalities and districts

organise themselves

• issues concerning the local environment and

landscape, and regional planning

Also as in Australia, there are only a few areas where

the federal government has sole power to legislate:

• foreign affairs

• military resources

• nationality

• currency

• weights and measures

• post and telecommunications

• customs and border protection

Both the federal government and the states have

power to legislate in the areas of criminal and

procedural law, traffic and the housing market.

In the case of a conflict, the federal law prevails.

GERMAN STATES MAINTAIN INDIVIDUALITY 017

Bands of colour surround

viewers inside the Light

Cocoon, an artwork by

André Heller at the RWE

(Rhine Westphalian

Electricity) Park in the

historic city of Essen.

RWE is Europe’s biggest

energy provider.

GERMAN STATES MAINTAIN INDIVIDUALITY

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 017

Baden-Württemberg has an important global

market presence—only 0.17 per cent of the world’s

population lives here but 1.7 per cent of all

international exports stem from Baden-Württemberg.

DaimlerChrysler, Porsche, Bosch, SAP, Zeiss and

Würth are internationally renowned companies,

but it is also the small and medium-sized businesses

that make Baden-Württemberg so attractive to

foreign investors.

Baden-Württemberg invests in universities and

culture as well as in research and development and

future-oriented technologies such as environmental

technology, information and communications

technology, and biotechnology. Mechanical

engineering, car manufacturing, and electrical and

electronic engineering form a solid foundation for its

successful exports. Only California’s Silicon Valley sells

more corporate software than Baden-Württemberg.

018 GERMANY

A playful statue outside

the Print Media Academy

in the old university town

of Heidelberg. The academy

offers a variety of training

courses and hosts graphic

arts industry events.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 018

GERMAN STATES MAINTAIN INDIVIDUALITY 019

The Australian company ANCA Machinery (Precision

Grinding) chose Baden-Württemberg as the location

for its German head office.

Bavaria has the fastest-growing economy in

Germany. Many Bavarians are self-employed and

almost every second euro in Bavaria is earned on

the world market. Bavaria invests heavily in

innovation and research. It has a highly educated

population and an excellent infrastructure. It is

a centre of the ‘new economy’ as well as of

renowned enterprises like Siemens, BMW, Audi,

EADS, adidas-salomon and MAN. Bavaria ranks

number one in the insurance sector in Germany

and number two in banking.

The state is also a leader in tourism, emphasising

the many ‘soft’ factors that make Bavaria, and

especially the Munich area, attractive to foreign

investors. More than 1,000 foreign companies—

mostly from North America and Asia—have

established subsidiaries here.

The Australian company Oztrak, a leading

provider of integrated systems for mobile data

communication and tracking systems, established

an office in Bavaria in 1998 and is working in

collaboration with the German motoring

organisation ADAC. Other Australian companies

that have established offices here include

Macquarie Bank, Ansell Healthcare (medical and

surgical gloves), Sonic Healthcare Limited

(specialist medical diagnostics) and ResMed

(a manufacturer of respiratory medical devices,

which markets its anti-snoring products in more

than 60 countries).

Berlin is the federal capital and is also a state.

It is the gateway between East and West, the

largest city in Germany and one of the most

attractive and most cosmopolitan, rich in culture

and history. Young companies enjoy its creative

and innovative atmosphere. Its vigorous business

climate attracts the media, the information and

communications sector, and transport engineering,

biotechnology and medical technology industries.

The Australian newspaper and magazine publisher

John Fairfax Holdings is one example of an

Australian company that has chosen the capital

as its German base.

The area around Berlin is Brandenburg, famous

for its network of scientific research institutes

and its highly developed infrastructure. The state

benefits from its proximity to Eastern Europe and

has a close working relationship with neighbouring

Poland. Its investment conditions are among the

most favourable in the whole of Europe thanks to

funding from the federal government and the EU

aimed at attracting small and middle-sized

companies to the region.

Brandenburg is traditionally strong in vehicle

manufacturing, energy and chemicals.

Other industries, including biotechnology and

medical technology, the media, logistics,

telecommunications and the aerospace industry,

have recently become established there as well.

Bremen, the smallest state, comprises the two

cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. Bremerhaven is

an important port, and the state is traditionally

strong in shipbuilding. It is also evolving into a

centre for innovative business start-ups and hi-tech

industries. A cluster of aerospace companies has

established an aircraft construction site here

specialising in aerodynamics and lightweight

construction. Bremen also has Europe’s leading

centre for research and development in the field of

manned space travel.

Hamburg is a very small but very efficient state. It is

Germany’s most international city and one of its most

dynamic economic centres. Traditionally its focus was

manufacturing, but the city has developed into the

centre of the digital economy. Ten per cent of the

500 most powerful German and international

Berlin is the gateway between East and West,

a vibrant business centre and rich in culture.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 019

companies have their headquarters in Hamburg,

including Airbus, Beiersdorf, Hamburg Süd, Helm,

Olympus, Otto Versand, Panasonic, Tchibo and most

of the big German publishing houses. With the EU’s

enlargement plans, Hamburg has successfully revived

its old bonds with Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.

The Australian company Brambles operates its

renowned waste management division Cleanaway

from Hamburg. Brambles also has business

relationships with Germany in pallet and container

pooling services, in information management and

in tank containers. A yeast and bakery ingredients

division of Burns, Philp & Company also trades

from Hamburg (and Munich) via the Deutsche

Hefewerke GmbH.

Hessen combines expertise in financial services

and hi-tech industries with its traditional image

of apple wine and conviviality. Almost a quarter

of all foreign direct investment in Germany is

concentrated here. For years Hessen has generated

the highest gross domestic product in Germany

per head of population.

Frankfurt’s airport is Germany’s and Europe’s

gateway to the world. The airport handles the

highest volume of freight transfer in Europe

and the second-highest number of travellers.

The Frankfurt region houses more than 400 banks,

the German stock exchange and the European

Central Bank. It hosts international trade fairs like

Premiere and Ambiente (both featuring consumer

goods), the international book fair ACHEMA, and

the IAA international motor show.

International companies including Canon, General

Motors, ITT, Pepsi-Cola, Honeywell, Motorola and

Proctor & Gamble have chosen to locate their

German headquarters in Frankfurt.

Invest Australia, Austrade (Australian Trade

Commission) and the Victorian Government

Business Office have their bases in Frankfurt.

WESTPAC Banking Corporation, the Australia and

New Zealand Banking Group, the National Australia

Bank, Qantas Airlines and Gavin Anderson &

Company (corporate affairs and financial relations

consultants) also operate from Germany’s financial

hub. Other Australian companies based in Hessen

include SGE International (a manufacturer of

syringes), Unidata (research and development),

020 GERMANY

RIGHT: Founded in 1558,

the Hamburg Stock Exchange

is the oldest of Germany’s

eight stock exchanges.

FAR RIGHT: Around

250,000 young people visit

the spacecraft-like

Universum Science Centre

in Bremen each year. It has

250 interactive exhibits

featuring the cosmos,

the Earth and humankind.

Frankfurt’s airport is Germany’s and Europe’s

gateway to the world. The airport handles the

highest volume of freight transfer in Europe

and the second-highest number of travellers.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:57 PM Page 020

Tyko Environmental Services, Stallion Technologies

(a developer of Unix and NT software and hardware)

and Leiner Davis Gelatin.

Lower Saxony became famous as the host of

EXPO in 2000. Agriculture and car manufacturing

(Volkswagen) are the cornerstones of its economy,

but e-business, biotechnology and high technology

are growing rapidly. It has also developed into a

centre for international freight transportation.

Scientific institutes and universities work closely

with partners from the business world, and the

government assists by creating helpful networks.

The state’s expertise in knowledge transfer has

attracted more than 450 foreign companies to

Lower Saxony. The Australian specialist for hearing-

aids Cochlear, and the packaging company Amcor,

have established their German offices in Hanover.

Buderim Ginger sells its ginger products from the

city of Stelle.

Hanover is one of the most dynamic trade fair

locations worldwide. The annual computer fair

CeBIT held here is internationally known.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania encompasses

one of Germany’s most beautiful areas of

untouched countryside. Tourism and agriculture

shape this state’s economy, and food processing

is another strong industry. Owing to its highly

modernised telecommunications infrastructure,

the state is also very attractive to high technology,

biotechnology and medical technology companies.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is famous

for its shipyards, which offer hi-tech but low-cost

production facilities in marine engineering.

It recently modernised its Baltic seaports, creating

immense opportunities in the transport and

logistics industries. Its location is ideal for trade

with northern and eastern Europe, as well as with

nearby Hamburg and Berlin.

The Macquarie Infrastructure Group, a private

Australian developer of toll roads, has a controlling

interest in the Warnow River tunnel in Rostock.

North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) has the largest

population in Germany and the biggest economic

output. It attracts the most foreign investment of

any German state and has the strongest research

cluster in Europe. The region is a melting pot for

science, business, industry, the arts and the media,

and is an important trade fair location—the world’s

biggest food trade fair, ANUGA, is held annually

in Cologne.

The state has a well-developed infrastructure, with

international and domestic airports and the river

GERMAN STATES MAINTAIN INDIVIDUALITY 021

The Intercity Express 3 at

Frankfurt’s airport station.

The ICE trains, which link

German cities with other

European destinations,

can reach speeds of

280 kilometres per hour.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:58 PM Page 021

Rhine as the main waterway. Düsseldorf and Cologne

are the main cornerstones of the German media

industry. According to a UNESCO report, it has

a most vigorous cultural scene, with 350 museums,

more than 100 stages, 400 theatre groups and

60 orchestras. More than 1,300 authors live in

North Rhine-Westphalia.

Australian mining and mineral processing company

M.I.M. Holdings, and Moldflow, a supplier of software

solutions for the design and manufacture of injection-

moulded plastic parts, are based in this state.

Rhineland-Palatinate is Germany’s bohemian

state, renowned for its wine, jewellery and glass

industries. It is also the leading state in the chemical

and plastics industries. BASF in Ludwigshafen

is Europe's largest chemical factory. Other

internationally known companies in Rhineland-

Palatinate include the pharmaceutical company

Boehringer, construction company SGE Deutsche

Holding and Europe's largest television network,

ZDF (Channel Two). Rhineland-Palatinate is a leading

supplier of automobile components. The state

exports about 40 per cent of its products—the

highest export rate of any German state.

Greencorp Magnetics, an Australian manufacturer

of recording tapes, SDI (dental products) and

Nufarm (fertiliser, agricultural chemicals, animal

health products) have their German subsidiaries in

Rhineland-Palatinate.

The Saarland is one of the smallest German states

but is located in a very important position, at the

border with France and Luxembourg. This region

has always been an important link between

countries in Europe. Its research institutes employ

more than 1,000 scientists who cooperate closely

with industry. Investors have direct access to key

people in politics and administration, because

Saarland has no provincial districts and fewer

bureaucratic processes than other German states.

A special organisation, the gwSaar (Saarland

Economic Promotion Corporation), provides

information, consulting services and assistance

to foreign companies. Among Saarland’s key

industries are the steel and automotive industry

and a steadily growing biotechnology industry.

German industrialisation began in Saxony.

The Saxon city of Chemnitz played a similar role in

German industry to that of Manchester in England.

Saxon inventions include artificial rubber, porcelain,

the first illustrated newspaper, condoms, the

harmonica, the reflex camera, tea bags, coffee

filters and the first industrially produced computer.

Innovation has again made Saxony a successful

state in numerous industries: automobiles,

biotechnology, energy use and microelectronics.

022 GERMANY

The Hohenzollern Bridge

and cathedral in Cologne.

The city hosts many trade

fairs and is a noted centre for

car and machine manufacture.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:58 PM Page 022

Saxony’s workers are three times more productive

than their counterparts in the neighbouring Czech

Republic or Poland.

Saxony-Anhalt is another new state. With

investments worth approximately 5 billion

(A$8 billion), it heads the list of new states in terms

of foreign investment. Its key industries are

chemicals and mechanical engineering. Automotive

supplies and wood-processing industries are also

developing, as well as information and

communications technology, biotechnology and

medical technology. One of Saxony-Anhalt’s

advantages is that well-developed business land is

still available at a reasonable price.

The Australian company Bishop Engineering began

a joint venture with Mercedes-Benz here in 1999.

The company manufactures variable geometry

steering components and was attracted by the

state’s generous business incentive schemes.

The big names of the region include the

pharmaceutical company Bayer, which produces its

famous Aspirin tablets in Bitterfeld, and the US flat

glass manufacturer Guardian Industries.

Schleswig-Holstein is Germany’s most northerly

state. Bordering the North Sea and the Baltic Sea,

it has traditional links to Scandinavia, the Baltic

countries and Russia, with regular ferries travelling

between these countries, and is a major tourist

destination. It has a strong agriculture sector and

its economic mainstays include shipyards and

manufacturing. Recently hi-tech and service companies

have benefited from its excellent infrastructure and

its proximity to Hamburg. One example of Australian

investment in this region is cinema group Greater

Union’s acquisition of a half-share in the German

cinema company Kieft & Kieft.

Thuringia is a very innovative state, with more

patent registrations per capita than any other

former East German state. Its automotive, solar

technology and logistics industries are strong

players in Germany’s economy. It is perhaps best

known, however, for its skill in creating new uses

for, and products from, old materials, especially

glass, ceramics and textiles—for both industrial

and artistic purposes.

Many companies have had success in the area of

hi-tech solutions and innovative ideas: Jenoptik

supplies hi-tech laser technology; the Institute for

Technical Ceramics develops new applications for

ceramics; the Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte

Schaltungen (IIS) seeks new sound solutions; the

Pumpspeicherwerk Goldisthal is Germany’s largest

hydroelectric power plant; Greiz produces

luminescent textiles; and Carl Zeiss-Meditec is one

of the world’s leading medical technology suppliers.

GERMAN STATES MAINTAIN INDIVIDUALITY 023

Concertgoers attend a

music festival in the

Ehrenbreitstein Fortress

in Koblenz, a 2,000-year-old

town in the state of northern

Rhineland-Palatinate.

187_SEC01_CH01_02 4/8/05 3:58 PM Page 023

182 USEFUL CONTACTS

USEFUL CONTACTS

Australian Embassy GermanyWallstrasse 76-7910179 BerlinTel: +49 30 880088 0 Fax: +49 30 880088 210www.australian-embassy.de

Austrade(Handelsvertretung)Grüneburgweg 58-6260322 FrankfurtTel: +49 69 90558 0Fax: +49 69 90558 109Email: info@austrade.gov.auwww.austrade.gov.au

Invest AustraliaAustralian Consulate GeneralGrüneburgweg 58-6260322 FrankfurtTel: +49 69 90558 20 Fax: +49 69 90558 209Email: frankfurt@investaustralia.gov.auwww.investaustralia.gov.au

Invest in GermanyAnna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2D-10178 BerlinTel: +49 30 20657 100Fax: +49 30 20657 111www.invest-in-germany.com

OAV—German Asia-Pacific Business AssociationBleickenbrücke 9D-20354 HamburgTel: +49 43 357 559 0Fax: +49 40 357 559 25www.oav.de

State of Victoria, European OfficeGrüneburgweg 58-62 60322 FrankfurtTel: +49 69 6680 74 0 Fax +49 69 6680 74 66Email: frankfurt@iird.vic.gov.auwww.vic.gov.au

TOURISM

South Australian Tourism Commissionc/o The Magnum GroupSonnenstrasse 980331 MünchenTel: +49 089 23662 137Fax: +49 089 23662 199www.visit-southaustralia.com.au

Tourism AustraliaNeue Mainzer Strasse 2260311 FrankfurtTel: +49 069 2740 060Fax: +49 069 27400 640www.australia.com

Tourism Queenslandc/o The Mangum GroupSonnenstrasse 980331 MünchenTel: +49 089 23177 177Fax: +49 089 26035 30www.queensland.de

Tourism Western AustraliaSonnenstrassse 9 80331 MünchenTel: + 49 089 23662 1811Fax: +49 089 23662 199www.westernaustralia.com

Tourism VictoriaNeue Mainzer Strasse 22 60311 FrankfurtTel: +49 069 27400 677 Fax: +49 069 27400 640www.tourismvictoria.com.au

IN GERMANY

USEFUL CONTACTS 183

Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany119 Empire CircuitYarralumla ACT 2600Tel: +61 2 6270 1911Fax: +61 2 6270 1951Email: info1@germanembassy.org.auwww.germanembassy.org.au

Consulate General of the Republic of Germany, Melbourne480 Punt RoadSouth Yarra Vic 3141Tel: +61 2 9864 6888Fax: +61 2 9820 2414Email: meldiplo@bigpond.net.au

Consulate General of the Republic of Germany, Sydney13 Trelawney StreetWoollahra NSW 2025Tel: +61 2 9328 7733Fax: +61 2 9327 9649Email: info@sydney.diplo.dewww.sydney.diplo.de

Australian German Association IncLevel 19, 535 Bourke StreetMelbourne Vic 3000aTel: +61 3 9242 4744Fax: +61 3 9242 4778www.aga.org.au

The German Australian Chamber of Industry and CommerceLevel 10, 39–41 York StSydney NSW 2000Tel: +61 2 8296 0400Fax: +61 2 8296 0411 Email: info@germany.org.au www.germany.org.au

TOURISM

Lufthansa German AirlinesLevel 2, 143 Macquarie StreetSydney NSW 2000Tel: +61 1300 655 727Fax: +61 2 9367 3896www.lufthansa-australia.com

German National Tourist OfficeGPO Box 1461Sydney NSW 2001Tel: +61 2 8296 0488 Fax: +61 2 8296 0487Email: gnto@germany.org.auwww.germany-tourism.de

CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

Goethe-Institut Melbourne 448 St Kilda Road Melbourne, Vic. 3004 Tel: +61 3 9864 8999 Fax: +61 3 98648988Email: info@melbourne.goethe.orgwww.goethe.de/melboune

Goethe-Institut Sydney 90 Ocean Street Woollahra, NSW 2025 Tel: +61 2 8356 8333 Fax: +61 2 8356 8314 info@sydney.goethe.org www.goethe.de/sydney

GENERAL INFORMATION

Deutschland.de The Federal Republic of Germany’s official and independent website has many links touseful German information on the Internet. www.deutschland.de

IN AUSTRALIA

190 INDEX

INDEX

aerospace industry, 19, 140Agenda 2010 (Germany), 14agriculture

Australia, 36, 40, 41, 52, 68–9,92, 136

Germany, 21, 23, 36, 105Airbus A380, 34, 100airlines, 34airports, 20, 21, 100AJ Parker Cooperative Research

Centre (Australia), 70Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

(Germany), 149, 153Asia-Pacific, 13, 34, 38, 81Association of South-East Asian

Nations (ASEAN), 35astronomy and astrophysics, 50, 56AusLink transport plan, 99AussieSport-Program, 163AustCancer, 69Austrade (Australian Trade

Commission), 20Australia, 34–45

culture, 150–3German companies in, 36, 39–40,

42, 59, 81–2, 83, 94, 103, 124, 125, 132, 139

immigration, 35, 40, 136, 140, 150inventions, 50–1, 123native title claims, 111trading partners, 34, 35–6, 38, 40,

41, 42, 44, 45, 90, 123Australia Council, 153Australian Antarctic Division, 53Australian Capital Territory, 44Australian Competition and

Consumer commission (ACCC), 106

Australian–German Joint ResearchCooperation Scheme, 58

Australian Institute of Marine Science(AIMS), 53, 75

Australian Institute of Sport, 163Australian Nuclear Science and

Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 50, 53

Australian Prudential RegulationAuthority, 79, 82

Australian Stock Exchange, 80, 82Australian Water Fund, 95Australian Wind Energy Association

(AusWEA), 90Australian Wine and Brandy

Corporation, 133Australian Wine Research Institute, 70automotive industries, 122–8

Australia, 40, 42, 122–5Germany, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21,

22, 23, 36, 54, 56, 104–5,122, 125–8

Automotive Competitiveness and Investment Scheme(Australia), 122

aviation industry, 19, 34, 50

Backing Australia’s Ability, 51, 70Baden-Württemberg, 18–19banking and financial services, 79–83

Australia, 38, 39, 79, 80–1, 101,125, 126

Germany, 15, 19, 20, 79–80Baulderstone Hornibrook, 39Bavaria, 15, 19Bayer, 71Berlin, 19Biota, 69biotechnology, 15, 68–71, 73–4

Australia, 50, 51, 69–71 Germany, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23,

79–80Bishop Engineering, 23, 128Blohm + Vos, 59Bosch, 59, 124Brambles, 120Brandenburg, 19Bremen, 19, 20Bug Design, 137Burns, Philp & Company, 20Business Council of Australia, 97, 107

car industry see automotive industriesCasella Wines, 135CEA-Saab, 59ceramics in Germany, 22, 23chemical industries in Germany, 15,

19, 22, 36, 54Clean Up Australia Day, 103Commonwealth Scientific and

Industrial ResearchOrganisation (CSIRO,

Australia), 51–3, 61, 71communication technology, 15, 18,

19, 23, 56competitiveness of Australia, 34, 35,

36, 39computer software and equipment

Australia, 50, 111Germany, 20, 21

construction industryAustralia, 38, 39–40, 97Germany, 56see also infrastructure; transport

Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs,Australia), 52

cultural attractions, 150–3 Australia, 40–1, 150, 151, 152Germany, 19, 21, 22, 23, 150,

151, 152, 153, 154–7

Defence Science and TechnologyOrganisation (DSTO,

Australia), 153defence services and equipment,

43, 59design, 137–40

Australia, 137, 138, 139, 140Germany, 137, 139–40see also fashion

Deutsche-Australische Netzwerk(DeAN), 149

Deutsche Bank, 80, 81

e-business in Germany, 21Economic and Monetary Union

(EMU), 12economic reform, 106–8

Australia, 106–7, 122Germany, 14, 107–8

economy Australia, 34, 36, 79, 80, 81, 82,

89, 106–7, 125, 126Germany, 12, 13, 14, 79, 97–8,

109, 126, 128education and training, 146–9

Australia, 38, 107, 146–7exchange programs, 147–9Germany, 15, 54, 147

electronics industries in Germany,13, 19

energy management and production,89–91

Australia, 52, 88–90, 103, 104,106

Germany, 14, 19, 22, 23, 50, 90,91, 103

environmental protection andtechnology, 102–5,

Australia, 52, 102, 103, 128Germany, 14, 18, 56, 57, 128

Ergoport, 137, 138euro, introduction of, 12, 106European Central Bank, 20European Organisation for Nuclear

Research, 57European Union, 36

Australia and, 36, 59, 135Germany in, 12, 108growth of, 12, 36, 155regulations, 90, 128

exports from Australia, 14, 36, 40, 42, 52,

90, 109–11, 122–3, 131,134–5, 136

from Germany, 13, 14, 36, 40,125–6, 132, 134

Faber-Castell, 139fashion industry, 129–32

Australia, 129, 130, 131–2Germany, 23, 129–30, 131, 132

film industryAustralia, 23, 151Germany, 23, 152

financial services see banking andfinancial services

food production and processingAustralia, 36, 40, 41–2, 136Germany, 15, 21see also wine industry

foreign investment in Australia, 14, 36, 42, 79, 81–2in Germany, 12, 14–15, 18, 19,

20, 21, 23, 108advice and information, 20, 22,

36, 42Forum for European-Australian

Science and Technology (FEAST), 59

Foster’s Group, 134Fraunhofer Society (Germany), 23, 54,

55, 56, 69free trade agreements, 35–6, 40Freudenberg, 132

gas see minerals and miningGeelong Wool Combing, 132Genetic Centre (Germany), 73genetic engineering, 68–9

Australia, 50, 70, 71Germany, 71, 73

German Academic Exchange Service, 153

German Archaeological Institute, 147German-Australian Cultural

Agreement, 153German-Australian Film

Agreement, 153German Cancer Research Centre

(DKFZ), 57German Chamber of Commerce and

Industry, 36German Chemical Association

(DECHEMA), 59German Design Council, 139German Designer Forum, 139German Genome Project, 53German International School

(Sydney), 148German National Tourist Board, 155–6German Research Foundation, 147Germany, 12–23

Australian companies in, 14–15,19, 20–1, 22, 23

patents and inventions, 22, 57reunification, 12, 13, 17

INDEX 191

glass production in Germany, 22, 23Global Business Policy Council, 108Global Renewables, 103Goethe-Institut, 148, 149, 151, 153government

Australia, 38, 44Germany, 12–13, 17

Hamburg, 19–20healthcare see medical research

and technologyhealth systems, 14, 72–5, 107Helmholtz Society (Germany), 54, 57Hessen, 20hi-tech industry, 50–83

Australia, 35, 125Germany, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23,

54, 56see also biotechnology;

communications technology;computer software andequipment; energymanagement and technology;environmental protection andtechnology; geneticengineering; informationtechnology; medical researchand technology; universitiesand research institutes

hydroelectricity, 90, 103

information technologyAustralia, 50, 111Germany, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 54see also communications

technologyinfrastructure, 96–101

Australia, 97, 98–100, 101, 107Germany, 12, 13, 19, 21, 97–8

insurance industryAustralia, 38, 79, 82–3Germany, 19

Invest Australia, 20

koalas, 75knowledge economy, 50–83Kyoto Protocol, 38, 104

labour market reformAustralia, 106, 107 Germany, 14

laser technology in Germany, 54, 56legislation and regulation

Australia, 79Germany, 17, 79, 80

Leighton Holdings, 39logistics

Australia, 40, 44Germany, 19, 21, 23, 40

Low-Emission Technology Fund(Australia), 103

Lower Saxony, 21

Macquarie Infrastructure Group(MIG), 98, 101

manufacturingAustralia, 34–5, 36, 40, 42, 43,

44, 45Germany, 13, 14, 19, 36, 56

Max Planck Society, 54, 56, 57, 73Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 21media and publishing in Germany, 15,

19, 20, 21, 22medical research and technology,

69–71Australia, 51, 52, 59Germany, 15, 19, 21, 23

Mercedes-Benz, 23, 128microelectronics, 22, 56minerals and mining

Australia, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52,70, 88–9, 90, 109–11

Germany, 13, 111Minerals Council of Australia, 97, 109

nanotechnology, 54, 71National Water Commission

(Australia), 93NATO (North Atlantic Treaty

Organisation), 12natural resources in Australia, 34, 39,

40, 41, 42, 43 see also energy; minerals and

mining; waterNew South Wales, 38–40, 69, 74, 99,

109, 110, 160Northern Territory, 44–5, 99North Rhine-Westphalia, 21–2

oil see minerals and miningOrganisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development(OECD)

on Australia, 106, 107, 146, 147on Germany, 14

Orlando Wyndham, 134Oztrack, 19

Pernod Ricard, 134pharmaceutical industry, 68, 72–5

Australia, 69, 73–4, 75 Germany, 22, 23, 36, 72–3, 74

plastics industry in Germany, 22pollution control

Australia, 103–4Germany, 94, 95, 104–5see also environmental

managementpopulation

Australia, 42, 44Germany, 12, 13, 21

ports Australia, 44, 96, 99, 110Germany, 13, 15

privatisation of public enterprisesAustralia, 89, 100, 106Germany, 80, 108

productivityAustralia, 34Germany, 23

public private partnership (PPP)Australia, 21, 101, 107Germany, 21, 98, 107–8

QBE, 83Queensland, 40, 70, 99, 109,

123, 159

research and development, 50–9,68–71, 72–5

Australia, 50–3, 123, 124–5Germany, 15, 22, 23, 124–5see also universities and research

institutesReserve Bank (Australia), 79, 97, 106ResMed, 19retirement

Australia, 80–1Germany, 14

Rhineland-Palatinate, 22

Saarland, 22Saxony, 22–3Saxony-Anhalt, 23Schenker, 40, 151Schleswig-Holstein, 23Science Industry Association

(Australia), 70Scientific and Technological

Cooperation agreement, 58shipbuilding in Germany, 19, 21, 23Siemens VDO, 124–5Society for Australian-German

Student Exchange (SAGSE), 148solar technology

Australia, 88–9, 90Germany, 23, 55, 56, 88

South Australia, 40–1, 70, 99,110–11, 123, 150

Southcorp, 133sport, 162–3

Australia, 156, 159, 162–3Germany, 156, 162–3

Staedtler, 139states and territories

Australia, 38–45Germany (Länder), 12, 14, 17–23,

80 Sydney Futures Exchange, 82

Tasmania, 41–2, 99, 123textiles, 23, 131–2 Thiess Hochtief Joint Venture, 101Thuringia, 23

tourism and travelAustralia, 40, 41, 44, 149, 158–61Germany, 19, 21, 23, 149, 154–7,

161Tourism Australia, 161Tourism New South Wales, 160trade agreements, Australian, 35–6,

40, 45trade fairs, 15, 20, 21, 22, 58, 125transport and logistics

Australia, 44, 99, 100, 107Germany, 19, 21, 98, 107–8

United Nations, 12unemployment,

Australia, 107Germany, 13–14, 97, 126, 128

universities and research institutes,158–9, 168–71

Australia, 51–3, 56Germany, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23,

54–7, 97Australian–German cooperation,

58–9, 72–5

VDO Australia, 59Victoria, 42, 69, 99, 123, 124,

132, 162

waste managementAustralia, 20, 103Germany, 20, 103, 105

water management, 92–5Australia, 52, 92–4, 95Germany, 93, 94–5

Western Australia, 42, 43, 99, 110Wilhelm Leibnitz Society (Germany),

54, 57wind power, 90, 91, 103

see also energywine production and technology,

133–6Australia, 36, 40, 41, 50, 133–5Germany, 23, 134–6

workforceAustralia, 34, 81Germany, 12, 23

Working Group of Industrial ResearchOrganisations (Germany), 57

World Bank, 106

192 PHOTO CREDITS

PHOTO CREDITS

Allianz Insurance p83 AP Photo/Christof Stache p91Australian Financial Review p34, p37 Andrew Chianci/Australian Antarctic Division,

© Commonwealth of Australia p53 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology

Organisation p50 Australian Stock Exchange p106Barbara Barkhausen p123 © Baulderstone Hornibrooke p108BHP Billiton p109, p110 (above right) Bovis Lend Lease p102Brad Hicks p130, p131 (left) Bayer p68, p69, p75 Broken Hill Regional Tourism Association

p33 (inset) Cochlear Institute p51 CSIRO p52 DaimlerChrysler p128 Deutchse Bahn AG/Piekarski/Invest in

Germany p99Deutsche Zentrale für Tourismus (DZT):

DZT/Klaus and Dirk Lehnartz p6, p12;DZT/Angelika Francke p11 (inset); DZT/EricEichberger p13, p163 (above); DZT/JoachimMesserschmidt p15, p125; DZT/Hans PeterMerten p16, p104, p153 (right);DZT/Ruhrgebiet Tourismus GmbH p17;DZT/Andrew Cowin p18, p82 (right); DZT-Pressebüro p20 (left), p106 (right);DZT/Bremen Touristik Zentrale GmbH(BTZ) p20 (right); DZT/Jim McDonald p21,p22; DZT/Mittelrhein Musikmomente p23;DZT/Norbert Krüger p95; DZT/DusseldorfMarketing & Tourismus GmbH p132;DZT/Andreas Kaster p134; DZT/BremenTouristik Zentrale GmbH p145 (inset);DZT/Ruhrgebiet Tourismus GmbH p152;DTZ/Stuttgart Marketing p153 (left);DZT/Andrew Cowin p154 (left); DZT/ RogerSchäfer, Schäfer & Partner p155;DZT/Würzburg Congress TourismusWirtschaft p156; DZT/Jochen Keute p157;DZT/Andreas Kaster p165

Enviromission p88, p89Ergoport Pty Ltd p138 (below)Fraunhofer Society p55 (above and below), p59,

p71, p105, p171korban flaubert pty ltd p138 (above)GM Holden p121 (inset), p122, p123Group of Eight Universities p56Hannoverfairs Australia (CeBIT) p58Image Library Darling Harbour Authority

disc p135Louise Lister p136 (right)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität p74, p149 Malte Wagenfeld p139MAN Nutzfahzeuge p124Max Planck Institute p54, p57National Museum of Australia disc p32

NSW Department of State and RegionalDevelopment disc p70, pp80–81, p96,pp100–101, p103, p107, p131 (right)

Pacific Hydro Ltd p90 Photodisc p49 (inset), p73, p79, p86,

p87 (inset), p98Photo Essentials, Philip Green, © Canon

Information Systems Research Australia1994-1996 p44, p45, p79, p86, p87, p160 (below)

Photolibrary front cover, endpapers, p1, p8,pp10–11, p165

Porsche AG/Invest in Germany p127Rio Tinto Iron Ore p110 (above left and below

right), p111Siekamp Einrichtungsysteme Pty Ltd, Sydney

pp120–121, p137Steven Blaess p140 Technical University Munich p14, p147 Takashi Morieda p136 (left) Thiess p99Tourism Australia p38, p39, p41, p42, p43

(above), p133, pp144–145, p158, p159, p160(above) p161, p162

Tourism Queensland p 40, pp92–93, p94, p163 (below)

University of Queensland pp48–49, p72, p146Volkswagen AG/Invest in Germany p126Woodside p35, p43 (below)

Sponsor pagesAll photos supplied by sponsors.Deutsche Bank p84, photos by Rocket Mattler(right), Martin Vanderwal (left).

EndpapersFront: A detail of the soaring roof of the SydneyOpera House.Back: The interior of the Reichstag dome in Berlin.