1

2006 Test 2 ResultsAdd 3 points to score on the Test

• A = 77• B = 66• C = 55• D = 44

+6.93Raw Score T2 vs T1

70.91Sr

73.19Jr

69.45So

73.26Total Class

Avg Score

Field TripsBRING LUNCH & drink, Bathrooms few & far between.In lieu of lab and Tuesday lecturePick which tripIf you can't make either one, see me

Saturday Cheat River including, Muddy Run, the 1840s Virginia Iron Furnace, Albright in the record 1985 flood, and large boulder transport in the Cheat Narrows.

Blackwater Falls?Short-distance hiking on steep bouldery terrain.Departure 9:00 return by 4:00 p.m. especially if WVU

advances in NCAAs (no earlier than 4:30 p.m.)

Ice MtnIce Mtn

2

Ice Mountain - Sunday2 hours 15 minutes from White Hall ~ 4 miles hiking on gentle-smooth &

rugged-bouldery terrain. working trip: downloading data loggers &

numerous measurements.Departure 8:30 a.m. and return about 6:00

p.m., may be later if science takes longer Dress for the weather (Romney, WV) for at

least 4 hours conducting field work. No "extra credit“ for attending both trip

Periglacial (Cryogenic)Geomorphology

Gelifluction, Cryoturbatuion

vs.

Glacial, Proglacial, Paraglacial

Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice in EASE-Grid format

http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.htmlNational Snow and Ice Data Center. 1999.Digital data available from nsidc@kryos.colorado.edu.NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center, University of

Colorado at Boulder.

3

Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution

http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html

National Snow & Ice Data Center, 1999

Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution

http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html

National Snow & Ice Data Center, 1999

Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Distribution

http://nsidc.org/NOAA/caps_ftp_documentation.html

National Snow & Ice Data Center, 1999

4

Temperature Profiles- 0 C +

Active zone

Permafrost

Talik

Mean

Winter

Summer

Temperature Profiles- 0 C +

Active zone

PermafrostAquiclude

TalikSummer

Ice Dynamics

Isotherms

H2O Flux

5

Ice Dynamics

Isotherms

Ice Dynamics

Isotherms

Surface Armoring

6

Felsenmeer, Northern Manitoba. Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCPhoto by Lynda Dredge, GSC

sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numerosts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=501=501

Boulder Fields (Felsenmeer)

Hickory Run State Park, Eastern PAPhoto by Gary Fleeger, PGS

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons1. Surface in Summer

2. Surface in Winter

Cobbles

7

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons

2. Surface in Winter

Isotherms

Mechanism for Sorted PolygonsIce Wedges Form in Winter

Isotherms

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons3. Surface in “Next” Summer

Isotherms

8

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons4. Surface in “Next” Winter

Isotherms

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons4. Surface in “Next” Winter

Isotherms

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons5. Surface in “Next” Summer

9

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons6. Surface in “Next” Winter

Isotherms

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons6. Surface in “Next” Winter

Mechanism for Sorted Polygons7. Surface in “Next” Summer

10

Cross-Section of Sorted Polygons

Fines Fines

Gelifluction, Cryoturbatuion

Late-Pleistocene sand wedges (tan) in massive icy sediments (gray); Holocene ice wedge (white),

Summer Is., Mackenzie Delta region, NWT, Canada

Photo: Hugh French and Julian, Murton, 1990. Used with permission of H. French

Murton, J.B. and French, H.M., 1993:. Reference for Previous Slide

Murton, J.B. and French, H.M., 1993. Thermokarst involutions, Summer Island, Pleistocene Mackenzie Delta, western Canadian Arctic. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 4, 217-229.

11

Photo by R.D. Reger

Active Ice Wedge, Prudhoe Bay, AK

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Surveys

http://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us/photogallery.html

Ice-wedge Trough in Peatland, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba.

Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSC

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=487

Photo by R.D. RegerIce-Wedge Polygons, Fairbanks, AK

Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveyshttp://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us/photogallery.html

12

Ice-wedge polygons, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba. Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSC

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo details.asp?numero=488

Ice-wedge Polygons & Thermokarst Ponds in Peatlands, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba

Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCsts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=489

Sorted Polygons Formed in Till, Bernard Harbour, Nunavut

Photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSChttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=373

13

Ice-wedge polygons in peat & frost-shattered bedrock, Seal River, Northern Manitoba

sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=494

Lynda Dredge, GSC photo

Stone Nets near Point May, Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=187

Rectangular Ice-Wedge Network

Prince Patrick Island, NWT

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc. ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp? numero=357

14

Concentric Patterned Ground, Prince Patrick Island, NWT

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=358

Concentric Polygons

Photo: J. R. Mackayhttp://www.gi.alaska

.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/690.html

web site by Larry Gedney, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Patterned Ground in Spitsbergen, SvalbardPhoto by Bernard Hallet, U. Washington,

used with Dr. Hallet’s permission

www.geology.washington.edu/images/photos2.html

15

Stone Polygons, Cabin Mountain, West Virginia

Sorted Polygons& Stone Stripes

“Flat

”Terr

ain

Sloping T

errain

Patterned Ground

Cabin Mountain,

West Virginia

Blow Up of Aerial Photo

Polygonson Gentle

SlopeStone Stripeson Steep Slope

16

Stone Stripes Formed on Till, Baffin Island, Nunavuthttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=242

Photo by Art Dyke, GSC

Boulder Streams

Coarse Stone Stripes

Cryoturbation & Solifluction, Melville IslandPolygons and Circles on Flat Land, Stripes on Slopes

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=327

17

Solifluction Lobe, Jotunheim Mtns., Norway

http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~sgsgurne/gallery.html

Photo: S. D. GurneyReading Univ.

Solifluction Lobe, Jotunheim Mtns., Norway

http://www.rdg.ac.uk/~sgsgurne/gallery.html

Photo: © Steven GurneyReading Univ.

Solifluction Lobes & Terraces, Gros Morne NP, Newf.

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=116

18

Solifluction Apron, Melville Island, NWThttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/

photo_details.asp?numero=311

Ice-Shattered Shale, Eastern Melville Island, NWTPhoto by Hugh French, May 1985. See Can. J. Earth Sci., 23:1398.

Used with permission of the author.

Rock blisters in dolomite, Bernard Harbour area. photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSC

sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=212

19

Pingos, Prince Patrick Island, NWT, CanadaPhoto: Unknown, GSC

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/clf/landscapes_details.asp?numero=356

up to 100 m across

Pingo in Outwash, Bylot Island, NWTPhoto: Ron DiLabio, GSC

http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=258

Pingo on glacial outwash plain, Bylot Island, NWT.

• Author: Ron DiLabio• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landsc

apes/photo_details.asp?numero=258

20

Tuk Pingo, NWT

photograph by Northwest Territories Resources, Wildlife, & Economic Development

Pingo, GSC Photo

Pingo near Harding River, Nunavut

• photo by Isabelle McMartin, 1989• 22 m high rock pingo was formed in

heavily fractured dolomite• http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landsc

apes/photo_details.asp?numero=374

21

Rock Pingo in Fractured Dolomite, near Harding River, Nunavut

Photo by Isabelle McMartin, GSC, 1989http://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/

photo_details.asp?numero=374

22 m

Palsa in Fen near Churchill, Manitoba.

Photo by Lynda Dredge, GSCsts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=523

Rock Glaciers

• Interstitial Ice• Ice-Cored

22

Rock glacier near Tungsten, Northwest

Territories.

Photo: Lionel E. Jackson, Jr., GSChttp://sts.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/

tsdweb/landscapes/photo_details.asp?numero=555

A Rock Glacier, Atlin Mountain, British Columbia

http://crevassezone.org/Photos/glacier_features.htm

Same Rock Glacier, Atlin Mountain, B.C.

http://crevassezone.org/Photos/glacier features.htm

23

www-nsidc.colorado.edu/glaciers/gallery/Rockglacier_large.html

Rock Glacier, Fryingpan Basin, CO. 1966. (George L. Snyder, USGS, photograph)

Rock Glacier, Baxter State Park, Maine

Rock Glacier, Baxter State Park Maine