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Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Simon Saez Merida(October 30, 1928 - 29 May 2005)
• Secretary General of AD• Took part in “El Carupanazo”• Founder of MIR (Leftist
Revolutionary Movement)• Imprisoned and tortured by
Gen. Perez Jimenez• Professor of the Universidad
Central de Venezuela• Had meetings with Hugo
Chavez and Fidel Castro• Died from an attempted
assault on his car while driving down the highway
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
In Castro’s Shadow?
This paper attempts to compare Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez’s and Policies, Internationalism, and Rhetoric to Cuban Leader Fidel Castro’s and evaluates its relevance in world affairs.
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Methodology• Newspapers and Television
• Documentaries
• Speeches (Castro Database and Alo Presidente!)
• Books and related papers
• Interviews
• Visited Venezuela
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Theories
• Teodoro Petkoff – “Bourbonic Left”
• Andres Oppenheimer – “Venezuela and Beirut”
• Simon Saez Merida – “A Rhetorical Revolution”
• Richard Gott – “A Democratic Revolution”
• “Different Rate of Transition”
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Why is this Research Important
• Demographics
• Immigration (Mariel Boatlift 1980)
• Trade and Remittances
• Oil
• If its important to Latin Americans, then it is important to the United States.
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Their Relationship
• Personal Friendship– Baseball, birthdays, sickness, and gifts
• Political Friendship– Oil, missions, doctors, policies, and socialism
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Two Countries and Two Eras
• Proximity to the United States
• History and economics
• Allies – Bipolar vs. Multi-polar World
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Policies
• Nationalization of Industries
• Constitutional Changes
• Land Reform
• Militarization of Society
• Social Programs
• Aid to other socialist countries
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Internationalism
• Pan-American Unity (CAN, Mercosur and ALBA)
• Involvement in the Neighbors Affairs
• Relationships with Rogue States
• Military vs. Economic Aid
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Road To Power
• Failed Coup
• Prison
• Pardoned
• Ran for Office / Won a Revolution
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Rhetorical Devises
• Personality Cult
• Lengthy Speeches
• For (or) Of The Common Man
• Independence Heroes
• Radical and Confrontational – “Socialism or Death”
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Conclusions
• Gradual military strengthening• Gradual political strengthening• Gradual policy changes• “A Radical with Deep Pockets”• Influential in the region• Importance of preventing countries
from reaching critical situations • Not yet a security concern
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Four Horseman of the Apocalypse
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Poor Areas in Caracas
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Elections and Results during Chavez Government
Dec 6, 1998 Wins Elections with 56,2% of the Vote
April 25, 1999 The New Constitution is ratified with 88% of the Vote
July 30, 2000 Chavez Wins Elections under new constitution with 59% of the Vote
August 16, 2004 Chavez avoids a referendum with 59% of the vote
Dec 3, 2006 Chavez is reelected with 62,89% of the vote
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Gradual Changes by the Chavez Government
April 25, 1999 New Constitution is ratified
November 13, 2001 Legislature approves 49 laws including the Law of Hidrocarbons, and the Law of Lands.
April 2002 – To Dec 2002 Chavez faces a coup and also a general strike, his transitional to socialism slows down
Law of Content and Social Responsibility – Nov 2004
Auto-Censoring of Media Networks
“Ley Habilitante” – Feb 1, 2007 Allows the President to rule by decree for 18 months
Nationalization of Industries PDVSA, CANTV (Feb, 2007)
“Ley de Inmuebles” Currently being drafted – Abolishes private property
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Castro was involved in:
-Grenada
-Panama
-Nicaragua
-Venezuela
-Chile
-Bolivia
Current Latin American Leaders Associated with Chavez
Alfonso Sintjago - "In Castro's Shadow"
Chavez in Iraq (2000) and Iran (2006)
Castro was the head of the Non-Aligned Movement – 1979-1983
-Supported Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
-Sent troops to Angola, and the Congo