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Ocean Renewable Energy:

Overview & Progress

Moo-Hyun Kim

Professor

Ocean Engineering Program

Dept. of Civil Engineering

Texas A&M University

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Fossil Fuels

US oil consumption = 25%

US oil production = 3%

More than 70% oil imported

Energy Independence: #1 Economy, Security

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Ocean Renewable Energy

Wave

Wind

Current

Tide

OTEC

Salinity (Osmotic Pressure)

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Ex. Relative Cost (cents/kwh)

Coal & Oil 3-5

Nuclear 11-14

Hydro 4-10

bio 6-11

Wind 5-7 (6-8)

Wave 7-9

Solar 10-15

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Wave & tidal power distribution

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Man-made Tidal Energy Plant

France La Rance dam and typical turbine/generator

configuration: environmental concern

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Natural Tidal-Current Energy

Promising West Coast Sites

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Natural Current Power: Korea

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2TW of energy, the equivalent of twice the worlds electricity production, couldbe harvested from the worlds oceans

Wave Enegy Resource

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Wave Energy Conversion

Fixed Oscillating Water ColumnFloatingAttenuator

Floating Overtopping Floating

Point

Absorber

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Land-based OWC

Oscillating Water Column

Islay, Scotland

http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://owc-exp2d.wmv/http://owc-exp2d.wmv/http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmvhttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/mhkim/My%20Documents/2008-KOREA/OWC%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%98%81%EC%83%81.wmv

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Wind Energy

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2007 Wind Energy Use

Worldwide Wind Total=74 GW

Less than 1% of the global electricity use

Rapidly Growing Green-Wind Industry:

Annual Growth Rate = 25%

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Winner of 2006: US, Ger, India, Spain

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Texas Wind Energy Projection

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Wind Energy Pros & Cons

Pros

Endless/renewable

No CO2 Emission

No Land Space (Offshore)

No cooling, No pollution, No waste

Cons

Noise, Shade, Unsightly, Birds

Survive? Severe Environment (Offshore)

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Wind-Energy Turbine

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Feasibility/Economy grows with bladesize

Blade Dia(m)

Hub height(m)

Power (MW) Ref (# ofhomes)

70 55 1.6 500

100 70 3.6 1200

120 80 5 1600

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What 500-MW Wind-E Farm Can Do!

Provide clean energy for 160K homes

Eliminating (per year)

- 60-mil lb of CO2(leading green-house gas)- 130K lb of NOx (main comp. of smog)- 300K lb of Sulfur Dioxide (leading precursor of

acid rain)

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Why Offshore Wind-Farm? Future

Stronger-steadier quality wind (20-30% better

wind, 30-40% more cost) More space

Easier regulatory approval

Less noise constraint (operable at higher speed)

No visual pollution

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Offshore Wind Energy: stronger-steadier

REpower - Scotland Norskhydro - Norway

Fixed (tower) 44m depth Floating (spar) >200m

5mw 3mw demo unit underway

126m rotor diameter 90m rotor diameter

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Various Types of Floating WF

St t f Off h Wi d

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Status of Offshore Wind

Offshore ~900 MW of 75,000 MW+ world-wide less than2%

11,000 MW+ offshore is projected for 2010

Sweden

3%

Netherlands

2%

Ireland

3%

Germany

1%

Denmark53%

United

Kingdom

38%

United States

5%

France

1%

Canada

6%

Belguim

2%

Poland

1%

Finland

2%

Denmark

3%

Germany

49%

Ireland

6%

Netherlands

2%

Sweden

4%

Spain

4%

United Kingdom

15%

Current Future - 2010

Wind Energy Cost Trends

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Wind Energy Cost Trends

1981: 40 cents/kWh

Increased Turbine Size

R&D Advances

ManufacturingImprovements

2007: 5 - 9 cents/kWh

2012: 3.6 cents/kWh?

2007: 9-12 cents/kWh

2014: 5 cents/kWh

Multi-megawatt Turbines

High reliability systems

Infrastructure Improvements

Land-based

Class 4

Offshore

Class 6

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KEY: Synergy & Storage3 times more valuable if provided on demand

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Synergy with Fish Farm

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Structural Failure!

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Floating Wind-F: Dynamic/Fatigue Failure

Rotor dynamics and control

Platform motions and mooring dynamics

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Questions?

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