1. Impact of the 2001 Agrarian Reform onthe Rural Population of Venezuela Case Study on the State of Monagas

2. History 1960 Agrarian Reform Venezuelas Transition into a Oil ExportingCountry Growing Social Disparity and Inequality inVenezuela Chavez Election 3. Recent History 2001 Agrarian Reform Intensification of Reform (Alo Presidente 305) Rise in Oil Prices Rise in Agrarian Investment Scarcity of Agrarian Products Subsidies?? MERCAL PDVAL (342 goal is 1800) 4. Production Crisis Decrease in Production?? Global Rise in Prices?? Rising consumption?? Withholding of products?? Pulverize the mafias Alo Presidente 302 "tiene un fuerte subsidio de alimentos que beneficia a unas 10millones de personas, con una inversin que casi alcanza 10s milmillones de dlares al ano" Price controls?? Mismanagement Rationing Currency controls?? 5. Research Objectives Survey and evaluate the decision making of thecooperatives in Maturin Assess their production and compare theirstatistics to previous statistical data for the region Evaluate sustainability 6. Why Monagas 7. General Hypothesis The current agrarian reform has been more extensivethan the previous, 1960s agrarian reform and it hasprimarily benefited the poorest sector of the ruralpopulation. Despite the political influence of large landowners,court rulings and the implementation of the agrarianreform have favored poor farmers over the interests oflarge landowners. The government has directed significant financialsupport to the agrarian reform, providing training andequipment to rural peasants. There has been a temporary decrease in overallagricultural production levels as a result of therestructuring of the agrarian sector. 8. Specific Hypothesis The majority of the rural peasants are involved in and support theimplementation of the agrarian reform. The majority of lands redistributed to peasants were not expropriatedbut rather constituted unused state lands; I expect that expropriationshave only taken place in cases severe of mismanagement. Agricultural production has not increased in Monagas since thecooperatives are experiencing initial difficulties; potential decreases inproduction are more likely related to large landowners planting fewercrops and/or withholding sales. The agrarian cooperatives operate with a moderate degree of freedomof action with respect to production decisions. Mission Robinson (the government literacy mission) and MissionZamora (the government land redistribution mission) are the two mostpopular government programs, with the greatest success. The reforms have increased political support for President Chavezamong the rural population. With the appropriate financial and technical support the agrarian reformcan be sustainable. 9. Cuadro No. 2 Inventario de Tierras Incorporadas al Proceso de Reforma Agraria 1960-1998 (Hectareas) Entidad FederalPrivadas Baldios EjidosNacionales Total HaDistrito Federal 18,568.692,146.09 20,714.78Anzoategui101,922.27 1,769,782.45 3,411.00 14,512.21 1,889,628.33Apure56,424.04 365,503.00 6,955.00322,619.89751,541.93Aragua 94,083.448,360.00 25,450.95127,894.39Barinas 204,695.35 420,406.6822,413.00 52,625.00700,140.03Bolivar37,443.34 1,017,941.58 1,872.40500,594.00 1,557,851.32Carabobo110,701.701,079.99 78,770.48190,552.17Cojedes80,711.686,225.77 48,464.39135,401.84Falcon121,419.58 103,922.39 3,711.264,722.50233,895.73Guarico 107,948.62 789,807.1923,263.28176,455.37 1,097,474.46Lara166,766.3235,065.00 1,779.17 13,480.78217,091.27Merida 42,242.59 190,100.00 279.28232,621.87Miranda 100,497.12 600.00 880.00 17,502.67119,479.79Monagas56,050.81 462,650.00 7,855.875,457.55532,014.23Nueva Esparta1,423.921,423.92Portuguesa155,849.8856,127.0029,593.89 30,510.30272,081.07Sucre53,463.64 443,729.80 9,726.40506,919.64Tachira48,340.7410,400.0071,730.50 10,016.96140,488.20Trujillo 97,140.159,917.04 17,595.62124,652.81Yaracuy 166,079.6935,525.00 1,064.00123,502.33326,171.02Zulia 218,841.12 1,562,531.32 2,495.825,027.41 1,788,895.67Delta Amacuro8,754.76 77,000.0085,754.76Totales2,049,369.857,351,078.25 192,730.951,459,510.18 11,052,689.23Transferenias de baldiosadicionales1,081,876.00TOTAL12,134,565.23Fuente: Instituto Agrario Nacional. Gerencia de Tierras - 30/11/98 10. Grafico No. 4Cartera Agricola de la Banca ComercialAnos Millones de Bs. AnosMillones de Bs. 1974 1,227 1990 63,443 1975 1,892 1991 96,488 1976 4,762 1992 119,597 1977 7,474 1993 141,463 1978 9,654 1994 100,450 1979 9,969 1995 212,326 198011,561 1996 332,242 198113,199 1997 645,288 198213,241 1998 344,932 198314,012 1999 429,505 198419,003 2000 643,993 198522,211 2001 865,000 198629,271 2002 1,083,328 198744,231 2003 1,417,030 198851,856 2004 2,964,497 198963,780 2005 4,483,977Fuente: Asociacion Bancaria de Venezuela. Ano 2005 11. Perfil de la PobrezaUrbana - Rural1975 198219881990 1992 1995 1997Area Urbana1820.2 39.9 52.1 49.8 59.7 56.5Area Rural 5249.9 67.7 75.6 73.3 81.6 80.8Sector Actividad EconomicaAgricultura52.449.6 65.7 72.4 71.1 82.3 82.7Comercio Detal 28.428.5 45.3 58.6 53.4 65.3 65.8Comercio Mayor 11.715.7 34.6 45.8 44.2 54.8 48.1Fuente: Realizado por CISOR para UCAB. 1998 12. 1961 Unidades de Explotacion por Hectareas1998HectareasUnidades de ExpotacionPercentageHectareasUnidades of ExpotacionPercentage1 a 20 ha 254,8061%1 a 20 ha 386,878 76%20 a 1000 ha 96,615 27%20 a 1000 ha119,156 23%1000 a mas ha 4,2231%1000 a mas ha 4,9451%TOTAL 315,477 100% TOTAL 510,979 100%1961 Superficie Por Unidades de Explotacion,1998Unidades de Expotacion Total Hectareas PercentageUnidades of Expotacion Total Hectareas Percentage1 a 20 ha 214,8841%1 a 20 ha1,707,674 6%20 a 1000 ha 2,258,00310%20 a 1000 ha14,396,74448%1000 a mas ha 20,804,67389%1000 a mas ha 13,966,74446%TOTAL 23,277,560100% TOTAL 30,071,152100%Fuente: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria 13. Balance Comercial Anos Exportaciones No Petroleras Importaciones No Petroleras Balance19971,218 1,980-77219981,296 3,437 -2,1411999 9292,350 -1,42120001,232 2,953 -1,71920011,253 3,200 -1,947Fuente: Banco Central de Venezuela 14. Total Agricultural Import and Export over2500000 Time20000001500000Total Agricultural ImportsTotal Agricultural Exports100000050000001990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005FAO 2008 15. 4500000 AvocadosBananas Beans, dryBeer of Barley Cabbages and other brassicasCane sugar, raw, centrifugal4000000Carrots and turnips Cassava Cauliflowers and broccoli Chillies and peppers, green Cocoa beans Coconut (copra) oil CoconutsCoffee, green Copra Cotton lint3500000CottonseedCottonseed oil Cucumbers and gherkinsEggplants (aubergines) FigsFruit, nec GarlicGrapefruit (inc. pomelos) GrapesGroundnut oil3000000 Groundnuts, with shellGuavas, mangoes, mangosteens Lemons and limesLettuce and chicory Linseed oil Maize Maize oil Oil palm fruit2500000Onions (inc. shallots), green Onions, dry Oranges Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Palm kernel oil Palm kernels Palm oilPapayas Peaches and nectarinesPeas, dry2000000Pigeon peas Pineapples Plantains Potatoes Pumpkins, squash and gourds Rice, paddy Roots and Tubers NecSeed cotton Sesame oilSesame seed1500000Sisal and other agave fibersSorghum Soybean oil Soybeans Spinach Strawberries String beansSugar beet Sunflower oil Sunflower seed1000000Sweet potatoesTangerines, mandarins, clem. Tobacco, unmanufactured Tomatoes Vegetables, nec Watermelons Wheat Wine YamsYautia (cocoyam) 500000Beer and wine + Cereals + Fibres, vegetal origin +Fruits (exc melons) + Oilcrops +Pulses + Roots and Tubers +Stimulants + Sugars +Tobacco +0Vegetable oils +Vegetables (inc melons) +1990 19911992 19931994 19951996 19971998 19992000 20012002 20032004 20052006 16. 500000004500000040000000350000003000000025000000 Total200000001500000010000000 5000000 0 17. 450000040000003500000Vegetable oils +3000000 Cereals +Wheat2500000 Rice, paddyPlantains2000000Oranges1500000 Onions, dryMaize1000000Beans, dry 500000 Bananas0