新生訓練基礎生物 /生化

馬誠佑

Biomaterial• Nucleotide (DNA, RNA)• Protein• Saccharide• Lipid

ATP(Adenosine TriPhosphate)

DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)

DNA

RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)

• mRNA (messenger): protein translation• tRNA (transfer)• rRNA (ribosome)• snRNA (small nuclear): regulation

Protein

Lipid

Summary

• DNA: blue print of life.• RNA: transcription, translation, regulation.• Protein: functional unit, enzyme, signal

molecule.• Saccharide: energy fuel, cell recognition.• Lipid: energy fuel, membrane, signal

molecule.

Central Dogma

Transcription

DNA

mRNA Translation

Protein

Transcription

Translation

Cell StructureEukaryote

Prokaryote

Virus

Cell Structure

單細胞生物的生活哲學是

“ Every cell for itself”

多細胞生物的生活哲學是

“ No one is an island”

1. Communication via gap junction

2. Communication via cell surface proteins, ex. Cell adhesion molecules

3. Communication via extracellular chemical messengers and receptor system

synchronous

Mitosis/Meiosis

DNA Replication

Metabolism

Summary

• Central dogma: DNA => RNA => Protein• Cell structure• Mitosis/Meiosis• DNA Replication• Metabolism

Protein Sturcture• Primary structure: ….ATTQKLVSSC….

• Secondary structure: Regularly repeating local structures. Ex: α-helix, β-sheet….

• Tertiary structure: The overall shape of a single polypeptide chain.

• Quatemary structure: multi-polypeptide chains complex.

Secondary Structure: α-helix

Secondary Structure: β-sheet

Backbone Conformation

Tertiary/Quatemary structure

Cooperativity

Disulfide Bond

Disulfide Bond

Protein Structure/Function

Sequence/Structure

Summary• Protein structure: 1, 2, 3, 4.

• Protein regulation: Cooperative, feedback.

• Structure/function: Function depends on structure.

• Sequence/structure: Structure is more conserve than sequence.