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©2009 Fujitsu Network Communications ©2009 Fujitsu Network Communications
Migrating the Core
The Evolution of the Backhaul Networkto Enable Wireless Data Services
Migrating the Core
The Evolution of the Backhaul Networkto Enable Wireless Data Services
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
This is MeThis is Me
Responsible for Business and Market Development for wireless technologies in North America.Many years in the CLEC industry deploying metropolitan fiber networks.
Jim OrrMarket Development DirectorFujitsu Network Communications
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul – The Boring PartBackhaul – The Boring Part
Backhaul is a necessary evil
Enables revenue, but does not create new revenue (adds to CCPU)
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul – There is Not One AnswerBackhaul – There is Not One Answer
Wireless, optical and copper
LECs, CLECs, Cable Cos, Power Companies, etc.
If you as me about a technology, the answer is probably “yes” at least somewhere
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
AgendaAgenda
Part 1 – There is a Network Already Today Towers exist and have backhaul in place Physical connectivity exists from tower to MSC
Part 2 – The Network Demand is Changing Network usage is skyrocketing Carriers must enable new revenue streams and services 4G Network Architecture is based on packets 4G Core Network Architecture is Distributed
Part 3 – Connection Oriented Ethernet Evolves the Network What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) ? Mobile backhaul technology migration COE Attributes addressing MBH network requirements Fujitsu Packet Optical Networking Solution for MBH Summary
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
• Huge increases in data traffic- 11 of NSN’s HSPA customers saw data
traffic increase 10X in 2008 over 2007
• Negligible impact on total ARPU- Total wireless service revenue in the
U.S up 6% in 2008- Leaders ARPU up 1- 4%- Voice ARPU still trending downwards
Mobile Broadband:The Operator’s Experience to DateMobile Broadband:The Operator’s Experience to Date
• Strong growth in wireless messaging and data revenue
- AT&T and VZW reported ~$3bn in data revenues in Q408
- Up 45-50% YoY
• Beginnings of fixed broadband substitution behavior
- Not just personal but primary broadband.- Major new business opportunities
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
• Huge increases in data traffic- 11 of NSN’s HSPA customers saw data
traffic increase 10X in 2008 over 2007
• Negligible impact on total ARPU- Total wireless service revenue in the
U.S up 6% in 2008- Leaders ARPU up 1- 4%- Voice ARPU still trending downwards
Mobile Broadband:The Operator’s Experience to DateMobile Broadband:The Operator’s Experience to Date
• Strong growth in wireless messaging and data revenue
- AT&T and VZW reported ~$3bn in data revenues in Q408
- Up 45-50% YoY
• Beginnings of fixed broadband substitution behavior
- Not just personal but primary broadband.- Major new business opportunities
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Massive Growth in Data Traffic Volumes Massive Growth in Data Traffic Volumes
Source : NSN, February 2009
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Broadband:In Search of ProfitabilityMobile Broadband:In Search of Profitability
Mobile broadband is still in the build-out phase HSPA and EV-DO in 3rd/4th year of roll-out Operators are investing for near term subscriber acquisition and long
term transformation of their business models
Mobile broadband isn’t profitable (yet) In 3G, voice and data are still mostly discrete network elements Large majority of new network capex is driven by mobile broadband If costs are allocated separately to voice and messaging on the one
hand, and mobile broadband on the other, mobile broadband isn’t profitable today
Early in the investment cycle, but need to start aligning for profitability
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Heavy Reading’s Outlook:2009 is the year of packet backhaulHeavy Reading’s Outlook:2009 is the year of packet backhaul
Backhaul a key lever in realigning for profitability
Heavy Reading’s packet backhaul forecasts 108,000 cell sites in live service world-wide by the end of 2009 12,300 in live service in the U.S by the end of 2009 Forecasts are for packet backhaul in live service at 2G/3G cell sites;
WiMAX sites and ML-PPP implementations excluded
Still expecting a slow rate at which packet backhaul is turned up to commercial service Still expect 75% of the world’s cell sites will be served exclusively by
TDM backhaul in 2012
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
L1 Backhaul Forecasts:Europe & North AmericaL1 Backhaul Forecasts:Europe & North America
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Ethernet Backhaul will be in service at 37% of U.S cell sites by the end of 2012
US Cellular Backhaul ForecastUS Cellular Backhaul Forecast
Source: Heavy Reading
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Key Backhaul RequirementsKey Backhaul Requirements
Big enough pipeCorrect interfacesLow latencySimple SurvivableCost effective
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Wireless Impacts on BackhaulWireless Impacts on Backhaul
BIG problem from tower to wire centerMoving from 3Mb to 100+MbMaybe 12 sites/wire center for a total of about
1Gb SMALL amount of the traffic after that
first wire centerEven small wire centers generate several
10Gb circuits Wireless will add 10% at most to the
existing network
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
A Backhaul Network ExistsA Backhaul Network Exists
All of these towers are connected to the other components of the network Physical network deployed Considerable capital value remains on the books
4G deployments are not going to generate a total replacement of all of the existing network
Leased facilities exist for the 2G T1s Average of 7 actual orders to create a T1 circuit from a cell tower to the
MSC 7 to disconnect 12 to move a circuit Large opportunity cost to groom existing T1s
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Network SegmentsNetwork Segments
Access Aggregation Core
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
1-2 DS3s1-6 DS1s
The Towers Have Service TodayThe Towers Have Service Today
We are nearing 300,000 towers – and all of them have some kind of backhaul capacity Service capacity is a “Two Hump” distribution function
Have FiberDon’t Have Fiber
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Backhaul Capacity Requirements at the Cell SiteBackhaul Capacity Requirements at the Cell Site
Heavy Reading research licensed to Fujitsu - may not be used by non-licensees
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
4G Takes Over 4G Takes Over
Delivers Unmatched Spectral Efficiency Record spend on spectrum makes it the most valuable resource Recent LTE drive tests in Hokkaido produced 10 bits/Hz peak and as
much as 5 sustained Current 3G is about 1 bit/Hz
Delivers Core Network Efficiency Low latency architecture drives far higher
schedule efficiencies RAN contribution 5 ms or less, compared
to more than 100 ms today
New Bands Get New Technology Planners strive to minimize operational handling of network elements Placing EVDO or HSPA on 700 MHz or AWS creates an upgrade
requirement best to be avoided
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
4G in Stages4G in Stages
Build For Those Who Use Everything And Those Who Have Nothing Major metro areas Rural deployment (direct and through partnerships)
Coverage First 700 MHz for wide coverage Existing sites 3G/2G Fallback creates total coverage pattern
Capacity Second 10% of users generate 80% of wireless data We know where these people are (today) – first focus for LTE Distribution will shift – and we will follow the users
Full Portfolio of Base Station Models RequiredMacro – Wide Area Micro – Enterprise CampusPico – Neighborhood Femto – In Home/In Business
Metro CoreMetro Core
Sub UrbanSub Urban
RuralRural
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Base Stations Get SmallBase Stations Get Small
LTE is expected to augment the deployment of picocells.
Boost indoor coverage Offload macro network
traffic Provide enhanced coverage
for enterprise customers.
Build the coverage network with Macrocells, supplement with Micro and Pico cells Deploy for coverage and offload the heavy users when traffic patterns
require
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Core Network Migrates Over TimeCore Network Migrates Over Time
The Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) is build to be distributed Reality is that these devices will be concentrated into the
Mobile Switching Center for some time Backhaul network needs to be designed to transport the
messaging and data to the MSC, with the ability to migrate those devices to the edge
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Migrate with Circuit Oriented Ethernet
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
A Tale of Two EntitiesA Tale of Two Entities
“Mobile Backhaul” typically involves two business entities Mobile provider & Backhaul provider Even if there is one “integrated provider” as the parent company Money/services exchanged between the two entities
Two network deployments Two sets of networking requirements and operational issues Networks have a client/server relationship – not a peer to peer relationship
Cell Site
BSCRNCS-GW
BTSNodeBeNodeB
Mobile Switching Office
Cell Site
BTSNodeB
eNodeB
Mobile Switching Office
“Backhaul”
Mobile Provider Mobile Provider
Backhaul Provider
BSCRNCS-GW
Backhaul Provider
Client layer
Server layerCECE CECE
Cell Site
BSCRNCS-GW
BTSNodeBeNodeB
Mobile Switching Office
Cell Site
BTSNodeB
eNodeB
Mobile Switching Office
“Backhaul”
Mobile Provider Mobile Provider
Backhaul Provider
BSCRNCS-GW
Backhaul Provider
Client layer
Server layerCECE CECE
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Networking requirements / issuesNetworking requirements / issues Mobile services provider
Must reduce backhaul costs in the face of expanding CCPU Requires reliability, performance, rapid service commissioning from
backhaul provider Management of equipment at many remote tower locations
Backhaul provider Serves multiple providers & multiple technologies at a single tower
• Universal, transparent solution Meet Mobile Operators’ stringent SLA requirements
• Guaranteed Ethernet performance and reliability Minimize retraining of engineering staff
• A SDH transport engineer cannot become an IP router engineer overnight
Achieve ROI with < 3 year contract• Bandwidth efficient & simple to own and operate
Backhaul provider: deterministic, simple, reliable, general client layer
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009Confidential - Fujitsu Internal use Only2626
What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet?What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet?
Explicit definition of Ethernet connections & tunnels Forward on tags vs. Ethernet MAC address learning
and flooding
Resource reservation and admission control For each CoS per each connection
and tunnel Per-flow traffic management and traffic
engineering
MEFCarrier
Ethernet
Connectionless Ethernet802.1Q/ad/ah bridging
Connection-oriented Ethernet
MEFCarrier
Ethernet
Connectionless Ethernet802.1Q/ad/ah bridging
Connection-oriented Ethernet
Connection-oriented Ethernet: High-performance “Carrier Ethernet”
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Connection-Oriented Ethernet•Good Aggregation / Statistical Multiplexing•Deterministic and precision QoS•Bandwidth reserved per EVC•Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
Confidential - Fujitsu Internal use Only27
The Best of Both WorldsThe Best of Both Worlds
Connectionless 802.1 Ethernet Bridging
•No Aggregation /Stat Muxing•Deterministic QoS•Bandwidth reserved for each channel•Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
• Good Aggregation / Stat Muxing• Non-deterministic QoS• No Bandwidth Reservation• Inconsistent QoE: 99.9% Availability
MSPP
Eth
MSPP
MSPP
Eth
Eth
Eth
Ethernet over SDH
Eth
Eth
Eth
PDH quality, security, availability – Ethernet Flexibility and Low Cost
Packet ONP
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Aggregation Site
Connection-oriented EthernetSurvivability Tools for MBHConnection-oriented EthernetSurvivability Tools for MBH
Cell Site
BTSNodeB
eNodeB
Mobile Office
MobileProvider
Mobile Provider
BackhaulProvider
BSCRNC
S-GWCECE CECE
BackhaulProvider
Ethernet LAG
Multi-chassis LAG
G.8031 Ethernet network protection
COE provides 50ms dedicated network protection for 5-9’s availability
Variety of scenarios and requirements Client protection
Single and multi-chassis LAG Network protection
G.8031 Server layer protection
Backhaul provider / client network is unprotected
ITU-T G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Dedicated 1:1 EVC or tunnel protection Guaranteed, identical resources Similar to SONET UPSR path protection Independent of Network Topology Segment and end-to-end protection Protects against node and link failures
work
ptct
work
ptct
CECE
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Implementing Connection-oriented EthernetImplementing Connection-oriented Ethernet
Functional Deterministic connections Survivability Fault sectionalization and
performance management
Operations Management-plane centric
• Vs. dynamic control plane Fewest layers Single set of OAM tools
29
Ethernet tag switching provides all capabilities with simplest operations
MPLS-centric COE
Eth Eth
Ethernet-centric COE
Ethernet tunnel
Eth EthMPLS LSPPW PW
Tagswitching
Tagswitching
Static PWStatic PW T-MPLST-MPLS MPLS-TPMPLS-TP IP/MPLSIP/MPLS
•Ethernet OAM•MPLS pseudowire OAM•MPLS Label Switched Path – OAM / protection
•Ethernet OAM•MPLS pseudowire OAM•MPLS Label Switched Path – OAM / protection
•Ethernet OAM, Protection•Ethernet OAM, Protection
RequirementsRequirements
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20093030
Packet Optical Networking Platforms:Integrating COE Aggregation and Layer 1 TransportPacket Optical Networking Platforms:Integrating COE Aggregation and Layer 1 Transport
“Open-platform” approach Pluggable environment for networking vs. enhanced ROADM/MSPP
Integration of COE with all native Layer 1 networking/encapsulations
SDH/PDH for access transport ROADM for core transport
Consideration of access vs. core Fabric-based COE, TDM, wave
grooming at the core I/O card level optimizations at the
edge
Transport Operations Model Management plane driven,
Connection-Oriented networking Simple, in-service software upgrades
Reduces network costs Eliminates elements Eliminates complexity
Provides new services COE – SDH quality, Ethernet
cost
COE and TDMAggregation Wave
Transport
SDHnetworks
Ethernetnetworks
“Open-platform” Implementation Example
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Packet Optical NetworkingFor Full-service backhaulPacket Optical NetworkingFor Full-service backhaul
MSPP
Packet ONP
Packet ONP
Packet ONP
Mobile Office
Mobile Office
2G3G
4G
2G3G
4G
Mobile Office
2G3G
4G
2G3G
N x 10G Waves
2G3G
4G
3G4G
NID
2G3G
4GPacket
ONP
Ethernet
SDH
EthernetMSPP
SDH
Packet ONP
Packet ONP
Ethernet
Packet ONP
SDH and COE aggregation/grooming
SDH and Ethernet access
termination
ROADM integrationfor bandwidth scaling
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
SummarySummary
Irresistible drivers for turnover of backhaul networks from PDH to Ethernet over optical
Backhaul provider delivers hubbed ‘client’ transport and aggregation services to mobile provider Point to point, non-routed services
Connection-oriented Ethernet provides Transparent, Deterministic quality, Survivable Ethernet transport and
aggregation SDH quality, Ethernet cost Mgmt-plane-centric Ethernet-only implementations have lowest cost of
ownership
Packet Optical Networking Integrates COE + DWDM for scalable core rings Integrates COE + SDH to terminate new Ethernet and legacy SDH access
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE-related Standards SummaryCOE-related Standards Summary
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE-related Standards SummaryCOE-related Standards Summary
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Q & A
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
What Drives Cell Site ConnectivityWhat Drives Cell Site Connectivity
Meet Requirements with COE (Connection Oriented Ethernet) Operationally simple Ethernet connectivity network not where it needs to be, yet Purely from a connectivity model perspective, all that is required within
the backhaul/transport network are simple Layer-2 P2P connections between the various elements (eNBs, MMEs and S-GWs..)
Carriers Planning for 100Mbps to each cell site Not just the Macro sites Micro and Pico sites are driven by capacity Smaller eNodeB will drive DAS (Distributed Antenna System) to
concentrate data traffic
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Backhaul Business DriversChallenges facing Mobile OperatorsMobile Backhaul Business DriversChallenges facing Mobile Operators
Data rate grows with 3G and beyond but revenue doesn’t follow Flat rate data plans
Network Operations How do you ensure backhaul network provides uninterrupted service to
millions of subscribers served by 50,000+ cell towers ?
What if LTE ubiquity makes it the “mobile Wi-Fi” ? Integrated into wide range of devices. Applications run “in the cloud”. Backhaul networks must be ultra available with predictable QoS
Number of years to upgrade all cell towers with new backhaul technology Tremendous pressure to make the right choice while
achieving ROI/margin objectives
Many business issues affect technology selection
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Challenges facing Mobile Backhaul ProvidersChallenges facing Mobile Backhaul Providers
Retraining of network operations personnel A SONET transport engineer cannot become an IP
router engineer overnight
Which technology do I pick given the eventual migration to Ethernet for MBH ? Should I use Ethernet with Circuit Emulation? Should I use an integrated SONET/Ethernet/ROADM
packet optical networking approach ?
< 3 year service contracts with mobile operators How can I make an acceptable ROI to meet margins objectives ?
How can I meet Mobile Operators’ stringent SLA requirements ? < 5ms Delay, < 1ms Jitter, 3x10-7 Loss, 5x9s Availability
Introducing Connection-oriented Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul....
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)?What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)?
Provides Deterministic QoS via explicit paths (EVCs) across network Reserves bandwidth for each EVC per CoS Highly efficient BW aggregation via statistical multiplexing & oversubscription Predictable QoE: 99.999% Availability
Ethernet over SONET (EoS)•No Aggregation / No Statistical Multiplexing•Deterministic and precision QoS•Bandwidth reserved for each SONET channel•Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
Connectionless Ethernet Bridges•Good Aggregation / Statistical multiplexing•Non-deterministic QoS•No Bandwidth Reservation•Inconsistent QoE: 99.9% Availability
MSPPMSPP
Connection-Oriented Ethernet•Good Aggregation / Statistical Multiplexing•Deterministic and precision QoS•Bandwidth reserved per EVC•Consistent QoE: 99.999% Availability
Packet ONP
COE combines the best attributes of Ethernet Bridges and EoSKeeps Ethernet Simple – Like SONET
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Reliability•G.8031 50ms Linear Path Protection
•802.3ad Link Aggregation (LAG)
Service Management•802.3ah Link Fault Mgmt.
•802.1ag/Y.1731 EVC Fault Mgmt.
Security•Bridging disabled - no L2CP vulnerabilities
•L2CP threats mitigated•No MAC table overflows
Standardized Services•EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree
•MEF 6, MEF 10
Scalability•Millions of EVCs
•Aggregation and stat-muxing•Oversubscription
Deterministic QoS•802.1ag / Y.1731 / MEF 10 PMs
•Delay, Delay Variation, Loss•Resource Reservation through CAC
Attributes of Connection-oriented EthernetAttributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet
COECOEAttributesAttributes
COE is a high performance implementation of MEF Carrier Ethernet
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Technology Options for COESignificant differences among number of layers to manageTechnology Options for COESignificant differences among number of layers to manage
IP/MPLS
(3) Data Plane Layers1) Ethernet2) Pseudowire (PW)3) LSP
VLAN TagSwitching
Routed Non-Routed
StaticPW/MPLS T-MPLS
(1) Data Plane Layer• Ethernet
MPLS-TP PBB-TE
PW
MPLS-TP LSP
PWEth Eth
BFD, Protection Protocol
BFD, VCCV
802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
MPLS-TP-based COEIP/MPLS-Based COE
PW
MPLS LSP
Eth Eth
BFD, RSVP-TE/LDP, FRR
802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
IS-IS, OSPF, BGP, IP addressing, BFD
PW
T-LDP/BFD, VCCV
S-VLAN or PBB-TE Tunnel
Eth Eth
G.8031, 802.1ag, 802.3ah, Y.1731
Ethernet-based COE
Ethernet
(3) Data Plane Layers1) Ethernet2) Pseudowire (PW)3) LSP
(1) Control Plane Layer• IP
COE simplifies OAM&P with only 1 layer to manage: Ethernet
Ethernet + PW + LSPEthernet + PW + LSP
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Why Ethernet-based COE for MBH ?Why Ethernet-based COE for MBH ?
Meets the MBH functional requirements set forth by SONET Deterministic and precision performance Link (Line) and EVC (Path) fault management tools Guaranteed bandwidth through resource reservation Optimized for P2P and P2MP topologies used in MBH networks Sub 50ms protection / restoration
Simpler Network OAM – just one layer to manage: Ethernet Consistent with existing SONET-based network operations No IP knowledge required. Easy to learn by SONET transport staff Provisioning model similar to SONET
Non-routed operational simplicity MBH networks do not require routing between the cell site and hub
sites/MSCs Higher network element reliability (significantly fewer protocols / simpler
SW)Fujitsu’s COE implementation facilitates the migration from existing SONET MBH infrastructures to Ethernet over Fiber and EoWDM
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Mobile Backhaul Technology Migration …on the road to EthernetMobile Backhaul Technology Migration …on the road to Ethernet
Compelling case to keep 2G traffic on TDM 2G traffic growth very small so T1 MRC is essentially flat
What do you do with high growth 3G traffic? Some Base Stations can be upgraded to Ethernet COE over SONET, Fiber or Microwave choices
Wireline LEC or MSO with a SONET infrastructure COE over SONET: Simplest to implement with maximal bandwidth efficiency for data Legacy, low growth 2G services remain on TDM
For Ethernet over Fiber infrastructures must consider MEF 22 GIWF: Generic Interworking Function: Non-Ethernet Ethernet (via Circuit Emulation)
Time
Ba
nd
wid
th
Voice + 2G Data
3G/4G Data
3G BS
4G BS Ethernet
Ethernet
ATM over T1sMLPPP over T1s
T1sGIWF Ethernet
2G BS T1s (TDM) SONET
COE over SONET
COE over Fiber
Hub site or Mobile
Switching Center
3G backhaul most challenging because it is transitional
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Clock Synchronization for GIWFClock Synchronization for GIWF
Frequency Synchronization (Syntonization) Process to align clocks in frequency Synchronizes clocks to a Primary Reference Source (PRS)
• Required for Circuit Emulation Can use IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol Can use Synchronous Ethernet for a physical layer implementation
• Similar to a BITS clock used to obtain T1 line timing Phase Synchronization (relative time synchronization)
Process to aligns clocks in phase Can use Global Positioning System (GPS) radio
Time of Day Synchronization Process to set clocks to a universal time-base such as UTC Use 1588v2 for a software-based implementation
COE’s precision QoS optimally facilitates a 1588v2 implementation
GIWF EthernetT1s
Generic Interworking Function
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
MBH Network Classes of ServiceHow many should you support?MBH Network Classes of ServiceHow many should you support?
No. of CoSs determined by supported services Do you offer a streaming
service, e.g., TV on Demand ?
Understand the application to properly engineer the traffic management
Streaming and Conversational classes use UDP for media and TCP for control Synchronization requires lowest FD, FDV and FLR Streaming class is delay tolerant due to application buffering Conversational class (VoIP) is loss tolerant due to device playback buffering
COE provides SONET-like deterministic performance so CoS differentiation becomes less difficult to engineer
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE ScalabilityScalability addressed in two dimensionsCOE ScalabilityScalability addressed in two dimensions
1. EVC Address Space Scalability VLAN tag switching can use C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs or B-VLAN IDs
• VLAN IDs have local significance so 4095 IDs reused at each interface
• 4095 VLAN ID restriction no longer applies
2. EVC Aggregation via COE Tunnels Many EVCs mapped to COE Tunnel COE Connection Admission Control manages COE tunnel bandwidth
• Similar to managing SONET VCGs but with much higher BW efficiency
COE meets EVC scalability requirements for MBH networksCOE Tunnels simplify MBH bandwidth management
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE Tunnels Improved network efficiency and scalabilityCOE Tunnels Improved network efficiency and scalability
Tunnel aggregates EVCs to achieve stat muxing gains Like SONET STS with VT1.5s but more granularly and efficiently
Tunnel can support guaranteed and oversubscribed bandwidth Manage tunnel BW rather than individual EVCs within the tunnel Each Tunnel can support multiple CoSs
Provides CIR plus enables Subscriber traffic to burst to EIR Results in better traffic Goodput – resulting in better QoE
EVCs
Tunnel-aware NEsFLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
4100ES
FLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
CDS
FLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
CDS
COE Tunnels supported over SONET, Ethernet, WDM and OTN Networks
MSC-2
SONET, Ethernet, WDM or OTN Network
EVC-aware NEs
EVC-aware NE MSC-1
COE Tunnel
COE TunnelEVCs
EVCs
FLASHWAVE 9500
FLASHWAVE 9500
FLASHWAVE 9500
EoSOC12
1GbE
1GbE
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE Tools for Network SurvivabilityMeeting MBH networks high availability requirementsCOE Tools for Network SurvivabilityMeeting MBH networks high availability requirements
IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG) For local (link level) diversity and protection If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load
1+1 equipment protection Create LAGs across different cards in a chassis
ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection Similar to SONET UPSR path protection
• Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path Independent of Network Topology
• Works over Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies
Fujitsu’s COE implementation enables ultra high available service Achieved through multiple levels of protection
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Service OAM for MBH NetworksITU-T Y.1731 and IEEE 802.1agService OAM for MBH NetworksITU-T Y.1731 and IEEE 802.1ag
Different MBH Scenarios result in different number of SOAM MDs MBH Provider backhauls multiple generations of services (2G/3G/4G) MBH Provider backhauls traffic from one mobile operator at a tower MBH Provider backhauls traffic from several mobile operators at a tower MBH provided by Mobile Operator
Mobile Operator’s Network
Mobile Backhaul Provider
MEG Intermediate Point (MIP)MEG Endpoint (MEP)MEG = Maintenance Entity Group
Fujitsu’s COE solution provides Service OAM that addresses the different MBH network deployment scenarios
NID
MSCWholesale Ethernet Access
ProviderNID
Mobile Operator MD
Mobile Backhaul (MBH) Provider Maintenance Domain (MD)
FLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
4100ESFLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
4100ES FLASHWAVE
9500NIDFLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVECDS NID
Wholesale Access Provider MD
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
COE at the Cell Site Facilitates the Evolution from SONET to a Packet-based Ethernet MBH NetworkCOE at the Cell Site Facilitates the Evolution from SONET to a Packet-based Ethernet MBH Network
FLASHWAVE 4100ES and CDS Compact, integrated platform at Cell Site serving multiple base stations from multiple service providers
FLASHWAVE 9500 Multiservice aggregation and transport over SONET, Ethernet and WDM
FMO Step 1: Add COE to increase bandwidth utilizationPMO: SONET
SONET
FMO Step 2: Begin Migration to EoF packet network
Existing services unaffected
DS1s Ethernet
Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE simplify the SONET to Ethernet MBH migration while minimizing risk
EoS
MSPP
TDM
SONET
DS1s Ethernet
COETDM
SONET
DS1s Ethernet
COETDM
EoF
FLASHWAVE 9500
FLASHWAVE 9500
FLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
4100ESFLASHWAVE
CDSFLASHWAVE
CDS
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking FamilyEnd-to-end solution for evolving Mobile Backhaul NetworksFujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking FamilyEnd-to-end solution for evolving Mobile Backhaul Networks
FLASHWAVE CDS
FLASHWAVE 4100ES
FLASHWAVE 9500
NETSMART 1500Management System
GE/10GE
OC-48/GE
10GE
OC-192
44/88 ChannelROADM
Multiservice Access
Multiservice Aggregation
Metro Core
MSC
MSC
© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved.© Copyright 2009 Fujitsu Network Communications. All Rights Reserved. 4GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 20094GWE – Evolution of Backhaul Sept 3, 2009
SummarySummary
Different Business Drivers and Challenges for Mobile Operators & Mobile Backhaul Providers impact their migration to Ethernet
Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) combines the best attributes of Connectionless Ethernet and Ethernet over SONET
COE is a high performance implementation of MEF-defined Carrier Ethernet with a full complement of existing standards
Fujitsu’s Packet Optical Networking Platforms with COE simplify the SONET to Ethernet MBH migration while minimizing risk