Date post: | 19-Jan-2017 |
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Primary issues:
The Research focus:
The Knowledgeable Actor:How do Youtubeusers create, use, capture,organiseand share their videos on Youtube?
•Process of culture formation•Interaction with online tools
The Digital Space:In what ways does Youtube act as a collection ofmemories for anindividual and acommunity?
•Memory storage through storytelling andsharing•Youtube as legi timising agent f or sma llstories
Culture in the Continuum: Youtube, small stories and memory making
Gi l l i land, A., and S. McKemmis h. 2004. Bui lding an Infrastruc ture for Arc h iv a l Res earc h. Arc hiv al Sc ience 4 (3):149-197.
Upward, F. (2005). Continuum mec hanics and memory bank s [Series of parts ]: Part 1 : Mul ti -po lari ty. Archives and Manus c rip ts , 33 (1), 84-109. Retriev ed Augus t 8 , 2007, from Databas e Aus tral ian Public Affa irs Ful l Text databas e. Upward, F. (2005). Continuum mec hanics and memory bank s [Series of two parts ] Part 2 : The making of c u l ture. Arc hiv es and Manusc rip ts , 33(2), 18-51. Retriev ed Augus t 8 , 2007, from Aus tral ian Publ ic Affa irs Ful l Tex t databas e.
How to understand and capture born digital information is the mostchallenging issue in archival science today. Therevolution ofdigital technologies allows everyone tocontribute,communicate, re-inventand etch out spaces for personalidentity,community andvisualculture.The use ofonlinesocial media tools,often referred to asWeb 2.0,contributes to arich born digital cultural heritage, however, in archival science, a space and language for these cultural informationsystems does notexist.Within a history prestigious museumspaces and worship of the cultural artefact,online digitaltechnologiesof theeveryday arebeinglost to the ephemeral orumbrella-edintoweb archiving.
Frank Upward’s Cultural Heritage Continuum model (figure 1), one of the array of information processing modelsdeveloped inrelationshipwith Monash University,provides an opportunity to develop a systems understanding about thiskind ofborn digital information. In Upward’s Continuum theory, the beginning and the end is the flicker, an instantwherecreativ itycan take hold.Understanding the flicker and the forms and spaces in which it lives is the key to understandinginformation capture,organisation andpluralisationin onlinedigital heritage.
Youtube, a vastuser-generated repository ofdigital moving image material,provides an opportunity for scrutiny of theconstructand ongoing developmentof digital information in online spaces and the potential impact on cultural heritagepreservation. Identify ing Youtube as a website containing moving image ignores the complex information system thatcontribute to its existence as a space for cultural stories. The indiv idual Youtube user is where the flicker begins.Theactions of the user reveal the process ofcultural heritage formation through small stories and personalmemory making.This research investigates theuserin theContinuumof (born digital) Cultural Heritage.
The approach to researching thesespaces and their culturalcontent is multidisciplinary and necessarilycomplex.Withoutcurrent research in this field, threads ofconversation concerning the impactofdigital technology are found in the literatureof sociology,cultural and media theorists, as well as archival research. In addition, the application of the Continuummodels within the research is complex,with its inherentproperties of information processing used as both method andmethodology. In involv ing the models so deeply into methodology, theresearch, in a sense becomes a reflection of itselfby embedding and testing therecursivenatureof the construction ofknowledge.
Leisa Gibbons, Centre for Organisational and Social Informatics, CaSIT. Supervisor, Sue McKemmish
Exploration of the literature reveals lack……of research into Web 2.0 applications as cultural agents.
…of archival research addressing cultural born digital material in preservation strategies.
Development of a methodology model to……embrace a multi-‐‑disciplinary approach in interpretivist research.
…present Continuum thinking in knowledge generation.
Discover and interpret cultural agency to… …understand how Youtube tools contribute to content sharing and communication.
…define what types and styles of videos are being made on Youtube.
Select and interview……Youtube users as case studies.
Grounded theory analysis using……the language of cultural and media theory models and research.
…the Cultural Heritage Continuum model.
Generate theory……using grounded theory method.
…from theoretical investigations.
Test theory……using the Cultural Heritage Continuum model
Figure 2
Exploration oftheoryhas expandedtheresearch intorich conceptsontimeand space:• Anthony Giddens’ StructurationTheory• Bergson’snon-‐linear time• Deleuze&Guttari’s rhizomicsystemsof knowledge• Foucault’sheterotopias
Additionally , the lack of a languageto describeborn digital content found in new anddiverseonlinespacesprovides thedrivingforcebehind critically exploringtheories ofmediauseand evolution.
This research project travels a different path to current thinking about digitaltechnologies, preservation and archival science. By embracingContinuumtheory, thenature of what is known in the archival f ield about cultural heritage will befundamentallyaltered.
The influenceofthis research is farranging:• Institutionalpractices and worshipofthecultural artefact• Theory ofapost modern world withmultipleandequalpoints ofview• Applications in copyright withscopingalanguagefor borndigitalmaterial• Legaldefinitions ofborndigitalmaterial• Systems thinkingfor born digital culturalmaterial• Contributetothebuildinguseful cultural communication machines
Significant issuesarising frominitialanalysis:• Youtube is used as a storage facility.
• Once videos were uploaded, a sense of personal ownership was relinquished.
• The act of video making and high quality home storage reveals a strong influence forpersonal recordkeeping.
• Public exhibi tion an d feedback from other Yout ube users is often the primary inspiratio nto create videos in the first place.
• The abili ty to commun icate a poi nt o f view or an indivi dual passion is a strong push forstarting to contribute online.
• Interaction online provides context an d meaning to a Yout ube ident ity through vi deorecommendations, responses, comments and favouriting tools.
• Collaboration and development of onl ine relationships ‘offline’ contrib utes to a richeronline interactive experience.
User -‐cont r ibut ed m et adat a
Typology of website tools to create, define and communicate identity.
Exper im ent s wit h f ilm m aking
Or iginalTV Shows( nar r at ive)
Skit s
Anim at ion including
claym at ion
Mashups
Am at eur m us ic per f orm ance
Lip syncing t o copyr ight m us ic
Clips f r om copyr ight m at er ial
VlogsFan f ilm s us ing am at eur act or s
Fan f ic( t ion)
Hom e video
Live band per f orm ances
( boot leg)
Fan f ilm s us ing m ovie im ages
Comm ent s on videos
Descr ipt ion of videos
Yout ube nam e
Yout ubechannel space
Response videos
Video collect ions incl. f avour it es
Or iginalShor t f ilm( nar r at ive)
Or iginalTV Shows
( non-‐ nar r at ive)
Video communication types and styles
Text-based communication tools
Web page building toolsFigure 3
Youtube
• Memory and technology• Agency and technology
Storytelling
• Moving image communication• Online spaces• Memory making
Personal recordkeeping
• Use of online spaces• Time and memory
Figure 1
How to understand Cultural Heritage formation in Web 2.0 spaces using Youtube?
How to understand user interaction and information processing through using Youtube?
The Bubble model(figure 2):• Is thediscourseanalysis.• Is an ideological, theoretical and philosophical frameworkfor research.• Shows deep understandings andlinkingofconcepts.• Represents timeand spacewherelayers ofmeaningarebuilt intoaframework.• Does not promotegeneralisation, butrather embraces complexity.• Provides aspacefor sourced conceptualmodels to beembedded in Continuumthinking.
Multi-disciplinary Research Research Findings: Case Studies
Research Findings: Youtube as Cultural Agent
Future Research Direction
References
Research Design
Methodology