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PROJECT WORK PHASE-I
Presented by
G . Senthilkumar
2009222038
Under the guidance of
Dr. D.Ganesh
Asst.Professor
Internal Combustion Engineering Division
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering Guindy
Anna University
Chennai-600 025.
1Wednesday, May 18, 2011
Experimental investigation of cerium oxide Nano
particle fuel additive on the performance, and
emission characteristics of Biodiesel and itsblends in C.I. engine
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CONTENTS
Objective
Work done
Effect of Metal Additive
Effect of Nano Fuel Additive
Fuel Properties Experimental setup
Engine specification
Work to be done
References
2
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OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present work is
To examine the effect of nano metal additive to the Biodiesel
and its blends. Metal additive cerium oxide are prepared by
suitable method. The performance and emission characteristicswith metal additive doped biodiesel and its blend will be
compared with the neat diesel fuel.
3
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WORK DONE
4
Base Line Reading taken
Bio diesel preparation
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FUEL PROPERTIES
5
S.No Properties Diesel Jatropha oil Jatropha methyl ester
1 Specific gravity
@20C
0.84 0.9 0.88
2 Density(kg/m^3) 840 900 880
3 Viscosity @40C Cst 3 35.6 4.58
4 Flash point C 75 240 165
5 Fire point C 260 170
6 FFA content (%) - 9.10 -
7 Moisture content (%) - 0.5 -
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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
6
1.Engine
2. Electric Dynamometer3. Loading device
4. Air box
5. Manometer
6. Fuel tank
7. Burette
8. Three way valve9. Coupling
10. Pressure transducer
11. Charge amplifier
12. Cathode ray oscilloscope
13. Temperature sensor
14. Temperature display15. Smoke meter
16. Exhaust gas analyzer
17.Fuel pump
18. Fuel injector
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ENGINE SPECIFICATION
7
Model Kirloskar TAF-1
Type Single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection
Piston type Bowl-in -piston
Capacity 661 cc
Bore x stroke 87.5mm x 110mm
Compression ratio 17.5:1
Speed 1500 rpm (Constant)
Rated power 4.4 kW
Dynamometer Electrical type
Cooling system Air cooling
Injection timing 23bTDC
Injection pressure 200 bar
Ignition Compression ignition
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Variation of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption with
Brake mean effective pressure
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
BSFC(g/kWh)
BMEP (bar)
Diesel
Speed=1500 rpmInjection pressure=200 barInjection Timing=23bTDC
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Variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with brake meaneffective pressure
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bra
ke
thermale
fficiency
(%)
BMEP(bar)
Diesel
Speed=1500 rpmInjection pressure=200 barInjection Timing=23bTDC
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
HCEm
issions
(g/kWh)
BMEP(bar)
Diesel
Speed=1500 rpm
Injection pressure=200 barInjection Timing=23bTDC
Variation of Hydrocarbon with brake mean effectivepressure
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Variation of Nox with brake mean effective pressure
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Oxidesofnitro
gen(g/kWh)
BMEP (bar)
Diesel
Speed=1500 rpmInjection pressure=200 bar
Injection Timing=23bTDC
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Variation of Carbon monoxide with brake meaneffective pressure
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
CO(g
/kWh)
BMEP (bar)
Diesel
Speed=1500 rpmInjection pressure=200 bar
Injection Timing=23bTDC
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EFFECT OF METAL ADDITIVE
Metals oxides of transition metals,oxides of non metals andsome special type of solid materials can be used as catalyst for
burning of carbon deposits.
Reduce the formation of black smoke.
Additive containing combution catalysts fuel that improvefuel combution.
13
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EFFECT OF NANO FUEL ADDITIVE
Shortens ignition delay and enhance fuel oxidation by catalyticeffect.
Enhanced physical properties of fluid such as thermal
conductivity, mass diffusivity and radiative heat transfer.
Nano additives increases the ignition probability of fuel. Burning of carbon deposits and improve fuel combustion.
hence reduced exhaust emission.
Increased surface area
14
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WORK TO BE DONE
15
B10, B20 and B100 reading has to be taken
Cerium oxide nano particle is to be prepared.
Nano particle dispersed using capping agent and tested in B10, B20, B100.
Free fatty acid and water content of Jatropha oil was found and
transesterification process optimized.
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REFERENCES
Himanushu Tyagi, Patrick E,Phelan, Ravi prasher (2009),
Increased Hot -plate Ignition Probability for Nanoparticle Laden
Diesel Fuel, Nano Letters Vol. 08 pg.no:1410-1416.
Husnawan.M, H H Masjuki, TM I Mahlia, S.Mekhilef, M.G
Saifullah (2009), Use of post flame metal -based and oxygenated
additive combination for biodiesel-diesel blends, Journal of
Scientific & Industrial Research Vol.68 pg.no:1049-1052.
Jindal.S, B.P.Nandawana, N.S.Rathore, V.Vahistha (2010)
Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and
injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on
Jatropha methyl ester, Applied Thremal Engineering vol. 30,
pgno.442-448.
16
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Jindal.S, Bhagwati P.Nandwana, and Narendra .S.
Rathore,(2010), Comparative evaluation of combustion,
performance and emissions of Jatropha Methy Ester and Karanja
Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine, Energy and fuels article vol.24, pgno.1565-1572.
James Kenneth sanders, Richard Wilson Tock, duck Joo Yang
(2009), Nano - sized metal and metal oxide particles for morecomplete fuel combustion , united states patent, patent no. US
2009/0000186 A1.
keskin.A ,M.Guru D.Altiparmak(2010), The Investigation of Performance and Emissions characteristics of Tall oil Biodiesel
with a Co based Additive, Energy sources Vol 27, pg no 1899-
1907.
17
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THANK YOU
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