130
2010 ANNUAL DRINKING WATER Quality Report
2 0 1 0 A n n uA l D r i n k i n g WAt e r
Q u a l i t y R e p o r t
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 1 of 25
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................3 2 REGULATORY CONTEXT ............................................................................................3 3 SOURCE WATER ............................................................................................................4
3.1 Source Water Quality Monitoring ......................................................................... 6 3.2 Source Water Quality Reporting ........................................................................... 6
4 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ..............................................................................................6 4.1 Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring.................................................... 7 4.2 Analysis of Water Quality Results within the City’s Distribution System ......... 12
4.2.1 Total Coliform and Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) Bacteria .....................18 4.2.2 Heterotrophic Plate Count ...................................................................18 4.2.3 Free Chlorine Residual ........................................................................19 4.2.4 Disinfection By-Products and Physical/Chemical Parameters............19 4.2.5 Turbidity ...............................................................................................23 4.2.6 Metals ...................................................................................................23
5 A PUBLIC HEALTH MESSAGE FROM THE MEDICAL HEALTH OFFICER / DRINKING WATER OFFICER.....................................................................................25
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 2 of 25
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Metro Vancouver Water Supply Source & System Figure 2: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Stations Figure 3: Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Water Samples Compliance with the
Drinking Water Protection Regulation Figure 4: Improvements in Water Quality in Distribution Systems (1997-2010) Figure 5: Water Quality Data- Chlorine Residuals for 2010 Figure 6: Water Quality Data- Chlorine Residuals for 1997 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Schedule A – Water Quality Standards for Potable Water Table 2: Schedule B – Frequency of Monitoring Samples for Prescribed Water Supply
Systems Table 3: Burnaby Drinking Water Sample Locations (2010) Table 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010) Table 5: Burnaby Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products & pH Results (2010) Table 6: Burnaby Drinking Water Total Metal Sampling Results (2010) APPENDICIES Appendix A: Metro Vancouver Water Quality Control Annual Report for 2010 Appendix B: Detailed Water Quality Reports of Water Samples Collected in 2010
(Appendix B is bound as a separate volume, available from the Engineering Department, telephone number 604-294-7460 or online: http://www.burnaby.ca/cityhall/departments/engnrn/engnrn_envrnm.html )
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 3 of 25
1 INTRODUCTION
This report provides an overview of the regulatory context, outlines the drinking water quality program for 2010 and associated sample results to provide evidence of potability and compliance with the B.C. Drinking Water Protection Regulation.
2 REGULATORY CONTEXT
Provincial/Federal Regulatory Requirements The B.C. Drinking Water Protection Regulation promulgated under the Drinking Water Protection Act requires, amongst other aspects, suppliers of drinking water in B.C. to hold an Operating Permit, demonstrate that the drinking water is appropriately treated and monitored from microbial perspective, have appropriate emergency and public notification plans in place, and prepare and make public an annual report on the results of previous year. For a waterworks system to be in compliance, the potable water sample must meet the following standards set out in Schedule A (Table 1) of the Regulation for the parameter tested:
Table 1: Schedule A – Water Quality Standards for Potable Water
Parameter Standard Fecal coliform bacteria No detectable fecal coliform bacteria per 100 ml
Escherichia coli No detectable Escherichia coli
Per 100 ml
Total coliform bacteria
(a) 1 sample within a 30 day period
(b) more than one sample in a 30 day period.
No detectable total coliform bacteria per 100 ml
At least 90% of samples have no detectable total coliform bacteria per 100 ml and no sample has more than 10
total coliform bacteria per 100 ml
The water sampling frequency for microbiological characterization of the potable water is stipulated in Schedule B (Table 2) of the Regulation to be as follows:
Table 2- Schedule B – Frequency of Monitoring Samples for Prescribed Water Supply Systems
Population Served Number of Samples Per Month Less than 5,000 4 5,000 to 90,000 1 per 1,000 of population
More than 90,000 90 plus 1 per 10,000 of population in excess of 90,000
In addition, the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) provide references for acceptable concentration values for various chemical and physical parameters for potable water.
Burrard Inlet
Fraser River
Figure 1: Metro Vancouver Water Supply Source & System
N
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n A
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Coquitl
am
Lake
Pitt
Lake
English Bay
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SeymourWatershed Coquitlam
Watershed
Lower SeymourConservation Reserve
N
Metro Vancouver Watersheds Map
HoweSoundLegend
Capilano Watershed Supply Source
Seymour Watershed Supply Source
Reservoir (Burnaby)
Reservoir (Metro Vancouver)
Reservoir (Out of Service)
Transmission Main
Coquitlam Watershed Supply Source
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 4 of 25
Regional Health Authority Requirements In 2000, a "Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan for the GVRD and Member Municipalities" (WQMRP) was established by the Regional Medical Health Officials, the Greater Vancouver Water District and member municipalities. This document, which was reviewed and amended in January 2006, is a cornerstone in providing regional consistency in the monitoring and reporting of bacteriological and chemical drinking water quality parameters. In order to avoid duplication, the WQMRP separates the responsibilities for water quality monitoring and reporting between the GVRD (now Metro Vancouver) and the member municipalities by generally assigning the responsibility of source water and reporting to the Metro Vancouver and the responsibility for distribution system monitoring and reporting to the municipalities.
3 SOURCE WATER
Metro Vancouver draws its water from Capilano, Seymour and Coquitlam sources and distributes it through its waterworks systems to member municipalities after treatment. As a part of the provision for treating water, Metro Vancouver uses chlorine as a primary disinfectant for Seymour and Capilano source waters. Coquitlam source water uses ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light as primary disinfectants. These source waters are subsequently re-chlorinated at various regional secondary disinfection facilities installed in 1998. The disinfectant dosages are monitored at the regional chlorination facilities using on-line potentiometric chlorine analyzers. The Seymour-Capilano Filtration Plant (SCFP) which is located near Rice Lake in the Lower Seymour Conservation Reserve went to full filtration on January 15th, 2010 and operated successfully throughout 2010. The Seymour source water is now be treated (filtration, corrosion control and disinfection) at SCFP and is conveyed by regional water mains to member municipalities for distribution to homes, businesses and industry. The primary disinfection facility at Seymour Falls Dam continued to operate until July 22, 2010. Metro Vancouver discontinued chlorination of the Seymour source at Seymour Fall Dam on July 29th, 2010. When the twin tunnel component of the SCFP project is complete, the Plant will treat 1.8 billion litres of water from both the Seymour and Capilano sources. SCFP was constructed in the fall 2009, and is the largest of its kind in Canada. It includes the world’s largest ultraviolet disinfection system. In addition to the WQMRP the Drinking Water Management Plan (DWMP) was adopted in 2005 to ensure that our region’s water needs will be met affordably and sustainably for Metro Vancouver and its member municipalities. In 2007, the Plan was amended to fully incorporate management of the source watersheds. The Plan is to be updated again in 2011 detailing the investments in water treatment, supply and conservation programs necessary to provide consistently higher quality drinking water, improved supply reliability, and greater environmental protection.
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 6 of 25
3.1 Source Water Quality Monitoring
Metro Vancouver undertakes comprehensive biological and chemical monitoring of the water while it is in their system. Source water monitoring recommended in the WQMRP includes monitoring for: Total Coliform, E. Coli, Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC), turbidity, pesticides, herbicides, all chemical parameters listed in the GCDWQ, and Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water at the water supply intakes. In addition, Metro Vancouver also monitors its transmission mains and reservoirs for indicator organisms (Total Coliforms, E. Coli, and HPC), and a limited number of chemicals (free chlorine residual, PAH’s and BTEX).
3.2 Source Water Quality Reporting
The Metro Vancouver staff presented the annual report on water quality to the Metro Vancouver Water Committee on May 27th, 2010 to meet the requirement for water suppliers as per the Drinking Water Protection Regulation and as described in the Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan. Summary and highlights of the regions water quality monitoring for 2010 can be found in their publication “The Greater Vancouver Water District Quality Control Annual Report 2010, Volume I” (Appendix A) and Volume II provides Chemical and Physical Monitoring results (full tabulation of data). In an effort to reduce paper usage, the printing of Volume II has been limited to provide hard copy to specific individuals. Volume II will be made available to others if requested, either in hard copy or electronically. Requests for Volume II should be directed to the Water Quality Enquiry Line at 604-451-6010. This publication is available at public libraries and is also posted in the Metro Vancouver’s web site http://www.metrovancouver.org/services/water/qualitytreatment/Pages/default.aspx.
4 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The City receives its treated water from Metro Vancouver and distributes it through a series of reservoirs and a network of pipes to the consumers (Figure 1). The City’s water system consists of four water pump (or booster) stations, four active water storage reservoirs (storage capacity 13.0 ML), twenty (20) pressure reducing stations, twenty-one (21) pressure zones and over 700 km of watermains. The number of pressure zones has increased by one from the previous report after the Capitol Hill reservoir was brought on line. In order to ensure potability of the water at the point of supply, the City has a comprehensive program consisting of water quality monitoring, routine uni-directional flushing of water mains and reservoir exercising. In addition, the City has a water main replacement program (average age of pipe is 33 years) to replace aging water mains at a rate of about 2% a year,
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 7 of 25
and a program to install dedicated sampling kiosks at sampling locations. The City has a Cross Connection Program to safeguard against the possibility of contaminants entering the community's potable water systems. Cross-connection control devices must be installed and maintained and be tested annually. Burnaby's Cross Control Program is working to ensure that these devices are installed and properly maintained.
4.1 Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring
In 2010, there were 62 sample locations in Burnaby (Table 3, Figure 2). The number of sample locations was reduced by one as BUR-598K has been removed and compensated with BUR-856K. Sample kiosk BUR-856K was installed to collect water from Centennial reservoir and is located upstream of sample kiosk BUR-598K. These sample locations were selected on the basis of determining water quality in various pressure zones, dead ends, reservoirs, feed lines from the Metro Vancouver water mains, residences and institutions. These locations were grouped into five routes for sample collection purpose. Water samples were collected on average twice a week on a 2.5 week sample location cycle. At the time of sample collection, free chlorine residual, turbidity and temperature of water were measured using field test kits. In addition, Metro Vancouver also collected samples from 15 sites from its transmission mains in the City (detailed in Appendix B).
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HALSTON CT
DUBOIS ST
20TH
AV
VICTORY ST
WATLING ST
RUMBLE ST
BYRNE
RD
RUMBLE ST
ARBOR ST
PETER ST
CLINTON ST
INV
ER
GA
RR
Y A
V
PANDORA ST
CLINTON ST
WILLIAM ST
MCKEE ST
GRETA ST
MCKEE ST
EDITH ST
SCENIC
HY
WH
ITS
ELL
AV
CHARLES ST
RO
SS
ER
AV
DE
NT
AV
GILLEY
AV
OXFORD ST
MCGILL ST
DUNDAS ST
TRINITY ST
CAMBRIDGE ST
VENABLES ST
GEORGIA ST
TRIUMPH ST
PANDORA ST
FRASER PARK DR
DA
RW
IN A
V
ETON ST
YALE ST
UNION ST
CURTIS ST
HU
XLE
Y A
V
PARKER ST
MARKET
XG
GR
OS
VE
NO
R A
V
SOUTHWOOD ST
BO
OTH
AV
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MC
GR
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OR
AV
PA
LM A
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CAMBRIDGE ST
BON
SOR
AV
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ST
RA
NE
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H A
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BE
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AV
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SP
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PORTLAND ST
PA
TTE
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ON
AV
ST
OR
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AV
DIAN ST
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ST
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GIBSON ST
DAVIES
ST
11TH
AV
AUSTIN RD
HARMON ST
BA
RT
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CT
HO
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STATION
HILL D
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AV
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V N
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NW
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AV
IMPERIAL ST
KILREA CR
12TH
AV
EA
ST
BR
OO
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SHELBY CT
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ST
10TH
AV
SPR
ING
ER
AVB
AR
RIE
AV
PRICE ST
WIL
L IN
GD
ON
AV
CASEWELL ST
17TH
AV
SANDBORNE AV
SH
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Y A
V
AS
HW
OR
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AV
13TH
AV
BUCHANAN ST
LILY
AV
WOODHURST
DR
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AV
RO
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AV
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STRID
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BU
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PURKISS ST
EA
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CARDSTON CT
CANADA WY
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12TH AV
IRIS
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DR
18TH
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AV
WIL
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15TH
AV
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DRP
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AV
BANK ST
LAK
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AV
WA
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AV
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AV
HY
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FOREST GROVE DR
HO
LDO
M A
V
GILPIN ST
BERESFORD ST
HEWITT ST
ALASKA ST
SARD
IS C
R
SPROTT ST
SUMAS ST
KINCAID ST
BEAVERBROOK
CR
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ES
ME
RE
AV
HO
WA
RD
AV
TRANS CANADA HY
ANOLA DR
WILLI N
GD
ON
AV
GRANGE ST
14TH
AV
MASON
CT
NORFOLK ST
DOMINION ST
SHEPHERD ST
ALF
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D A
V
DAWSON ST
SARDIS ST
BUXTON ST
DOUGLAS RD
YAR
RO
W
PL
BURGESS
ST
LISTER CT
BRIARWOOD CR
GEORGIA ST
DU
NB
LAN
E A
V
DARNLEY ST
BERESFORD ST
SOUTHWYNDE
AV
NORTHLAWN DR
STONEY CREEK PL
HE
DLE
Y A
V
GRAHAM AV
HAZEL ST
THURSTON ST
WE
ST
MIN
ST
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AV
KINGSWAY
HOW
AR
D AV
N
CLI
FF
AV
IRMIN ST
BURNLAKE DR
WINNIFRED ST
SUNSET ST
KINCAID ST
LAUREL ST
ELMWOOD ST
SOUTHWOOD ST
HILDA ST
LINWOOD STAVONDALE
ST
RUMBLE ST
PRICE ST
SA
PP
ER
TO
N A
V
YO
RS
TON
CT
BRYANT ST
HAZELWOOD CR
DOW
AV
ARMSTRONG AV
MOSCROP ST
HUGH DR
ARCOLA ST
SOUTHLAWN DR
FIR ST
KINGSWAY
HARDY C
T
PRO
DUCT
ION
WY
DU
NC
AN
AV
DU
TH
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V
GRANT ST
EDISON ST
GODWIN
AV
GR
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NA
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V
LAW
REN
CE
DR
CAMERON ST
FIELDING CT
KINGSWAY
MYRTLE ST
GA
MM
A A
V N
CLINTON ST
HALIFAX STBUCHANAN
ST
AUBREY ST
BELCARRA
DR
CE
NTE
NN
IAL
WY
FOR
GLE
N D
R
SP
ER
L ING
AV
16TH
AV
SP
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LIN
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V
18TH
AV
TYNDALE CR
4TH
ST
MARINE DR
PRICE CR
KALYK A
V
BRANDON ST
KARRMAN AV
HERTFORD ST
BR
AE
LAW
N D
R
PANDORA ST
CLAUDE AV
FAIRLAWN DR
JOR
DA
N D
R
WINLAKE CR
PRAIRIE ST
TRANS CANADA HY
MILLCREEK CT
HASTINGS ST
DE
L TA
AV
BE
TA A
V
HASTINGS ST
PATRICK ST
NO
RLA
ND
AV
CH
AF
FEY
AV
COLLEEN ST
PA
TTE
RS
ON
AV
MAITLAND ST
GILPIN ST
BR
AE
SID
E D
R
19TH
AV
CURTIS ST
SHERBAN CT
19TH
AV
PARKER ST
UNION ST
GEORGIA ST
VENABLES ST
DAVID DR
17TH
AV
DA
LEB
RIG
HT
DR
16TH
AV
ENDERSBY ST
15TH
AV
EMERSON ST
BROADWAY
14TH
AV
13TH
AV
OAKLAND ST
WILL
INGDON
GR
NICHOLS DR
SERVICE ST
CANADA WY
STILL CREEK AV
BERWICK ST
DICKENS ST
BURNS ST
HIGHLAWN DR
HALIFAX ST
MCCONNELL DR
LAUREL ST
EDMONDS ST
TEXACO DR
SCHOU ST
CARSON ST
BAXTER PL
HARDWICK ST
FULWELL ST
FOREST ST
KINGSLAND DR
ASH STGRASSMERE
ST
FARWELL ST
WILDWOOD CR
HILL AV
GRANT PL
RA
ND
OLP
H A
VG
ILLE
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V
WOODSWORTH ST
CARIBOO
RD
SPRUCE ST
FOREST ST
PINE ST
DU
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RIN
AV
NO
LAN
ST
SU
SS
EX
AV
NOR
LAND
AV
NEVILLE ST
WELS
LEY DR
CANADA WY
9TH
AV
ROY ST
NE
LSO
N A
V
BUCKINGHAM AV
CR
ES
TLA
WN
DR
AT
LEE
AV
FITZ
GE
RA
LD A
V
PRENTER ST
SPROTT ST
PIP
ER
AV
PE
RC
IVA
L A
V
LAK
EV
IEW
AV
RO
YA
L O
AK
AV
GRAVELEY ST
NURSERY ST
DEER LAKE PY
KITCHENER ST
MONTROSE ST
ALLMAN
ST
STANLEY ST
LOZ
ELL
S A
V
SIERRA DR
HILLHURST ST
MA
CP
HE
RS
ON
AV
BROADWAY
BROADWAY
LYN
ND
ALE
CR
CASTLEWOOD CR
MAYFIELD
ST
CR
AIG
AV
KINGSWAY
BUR
NW
OO
D
DR
LOW
LAND DR
KE
RN
AV
BRENTLAWN DR
BU
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R A
V
MARK CR
BA
RN
ET
RD
12TH
AV
QUEENSTON
CT
GLENWO
OD
DR
WEDGEW
OOD ST
10TH
AV
GLEN ABBEY DR
GORDON AV
CASSI
E AV
MC
KAY
AV
BUENA
VISTA AV
SILV
ER AV
SUSS
EX AV
TELF
OR
D AV
SULLIVAN ST
11TH
AV
SANDERSON WY
NOEL
DR
HY
TH
E A
V N
12TH
AV
GOODLAD ST
MALIBU DR
THORNE AV
MARINE WY
ABBOTSFORD ST
ELG
IN A
V
RU
SS
ELL
AV
HAMM
ARSKJOLD
DR
EDMONDS ST
NORTH FRASER WY
IRMIN ST
HERSHAM AVHUM
PHRIES AV
NORTH FRASER CR
ACACIA AV
BY
RN
EPAR
K DR
STRATHMORE
AV
LINDEN AV
FULTON
AV
SE
LMA
AV
DE
NB
IGH
AV
WESTLAWN DR
MONARCH ST
17TH
AV
ELWELL ST
ROSEWOOD ST
18TH
AV
MA
CP
HE
RS
ON
AV
WA
VE
RLE
Y A
V
FR
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ER
ICK
AV
JUB
ILE
E A
V
GR
AY
AV
SP
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LIN
G A
V
SHELLMONT ST
RIDGELAWN DR
FRANCES ST
PE
AR
L A
V
IMPERIAL ST
TRAPP AV
CARSON ST
CHARLES ST
WINCH ST
WALKER
AV
BLA
INE
AV
10TH
AV
LEIBLY AV
MALVERN
AV
LOCHDALE ST
GRANT ST
STILL CREEK AV
14TH
AV
12TH
AV
WATLING ST
SIDLEY ST
KITCHENER ST
GIL
MO
RE
AV
WINCH ST
ROBERTS ST
GOVERNMENT RD
BO
UN
DA
RY
RD
KITCHENER ST
18TH ST
AUBREY ST
BLA
INE
DR
SPUR RD
NAPIER ST
MARINE WY
EGLINTON ST
SUMAS DR
MORELAND DR
LOUGHEED HY
LANE ST
REGENT ST
BARNET RD
MANOR ST
UN
DE
RH
ILL
AV
NORTH
FRASER W
Y
ELWELL ST
BYRNE RD
BALMORAL ST
GORING ST
GLE
NLY
ON PY
10TH
AV11TH
AV
GREENWOOD ST
BE
TA A
V N
MANOR ST
WIG
GINS ST
BYRNE RD
BURNFIELD CR
NATION WY
16TH
AV
COLDICUTT ST
GR
IFFIT HS
DR
RO
YA
L
OA
K A
V
RUMBLE ST
DOMINION ST
NO
RT
H R
DCEDARWOOD ST
AR
DE
N A
V
WINSTON ST
NORFOLK ST
DE
ER
LAK
E A
V
14TH
AV
BURNABY
MOUNTAIN PY
RID
GE
DR
HALIFAX ST
SPRUCE ST
SU
SS
EX
AV
HARKEN D
R
UNION ST
NITHSDALE STHUNTER ST
THUNDERBIRD CR
DR
UM
HE
LLE
R A
V
MARINE DR
LOUGHEED HY
BR
AN
TFO
RD
AV
LOUGHEED HY
GA
GLA
RD
I WY
GLENCARIN DR
RA
TH
BU
R
N DR
HIG
HLA
ND
AV
CA
RIB
OO
RD
N
LED
GE
R A
V
SCENIC HY
GIL
MO
RE
WY
STILL CREEK AV
CENTRAL BV
MARINE WY
LOUGHEED HY
STILL
CREEK
DR
GREYSTONE DR
LOUGHEED HY
OAKMOUNT CR
BROADWAY
YU
LE A
V
HENNING DR
MAPLE GROVE CR
MEADO
W AV
WINSTO
N ST
LAKEFIELD DR
WA
YB
UR
NE
DR
WIL
LIN
GD
ON
AV
ENTERPRISE ST
EASTLAKE DR
BARNET RD
AVALON AV
BARNET RD
MARINE WY
NO
RT
H R
D
AR
DE
N A
V
PENZANCE DR
BROADWAY
NORTH
FRASER W
Y
DEER LAKE PY
SOUTHRIDGE DR
GLENLYON PY
NO
RTH
RD
TRANS CANADA HY
WINSTON ST
CARIBOO
HARBOURVIEW
SIMON FRASER
FOREST GROVE
BARNET
CENTENNIAL
CURTIS-DUTHIE
KINCAID
SOUTHSLOPE
STANLEY
NORTH BURNABY
CENTRAL-VALLEY
BIG BEND
JOFFRE-PATTERSON
LAKE CITY
BURNABY HOSPITAL
CAPITOL HILL
KINGSWAY
PINERIDGE HEIGHTS
HASTINGS
577 K
588 K
595 K
854 K
574 K
586 K
590 K
585 K
492 K
592 K
856 K
497 K
563 K
498 K
857 K
851 K
569 K
852 K
660 K
669 K
499 K
575 K
589 K
570 K
560 K
490 K
530 K
493 K
584 K
587 K
561 K
850 K
580 K
661 K
668 K
494 K495 K
579 K
496 K
565 K
581 K
529 K
500 K
491 K
800 K
567 K
597 K
576 K
572 K
568 K
566 K
596 K
583 K
853 K 578 K
564 K
855 K594 K
562 K
582 K
573 K
593 K
60
15
44
40
46
39
37
38
CentralPark
BurnabyHeights
BurnabyMountain
SFU WaterTank
Barnet
10th Ave
StoneyCreek
AltaVista
CapitolHill
Centennial
BurnabyTank
Curtis
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250Meters
μ
Revision date: 2011/06/03
City of Burnaby does not warrant or guarantee the correctness of this information, which may be subject to change without notice.
Figure 2Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Stations
Legend
StreetsGVRD Water Mains
Parks
Burnaby WQ Monitoring Site (Kiosk)Burnaby WQ Monitoring Site (Stand Pipe)
City Water Connection to GVRD Mains!!2
PRV
Burnaby Water Pressure Zone Boundary
¹½ School
City of Burnaby Water Mains (>= 450 mm)
!(586 S
!(569K
###
Reservoir (Burnaby)Reservoir (GVRD)Reservoir (Out of Service)
"37 GVRD WQ Monitoring Station (Trunk System)
Pump Stations
U̧
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 9 of 25
TABLE 3: Burnaby Drinking Water Sample Locations (2010) Site
Code Location
Water Source
Pressure Zone
Flow Type
Main Composition
Main Size (mm)
Parameters Analyzed
BUR-490K 8550 Barnet Highway SEY Barnet D AC/ST/DI 250/300/200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-491K 7400 Block Fraser Park Drive SEY/COQ Big Bend L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-492K 5700 Block Marine Drive SEY/COQ Big Bend M CI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-493K 7740 20th St. (10th Ave. Res.)
SEY Big Bend D DI 500 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-494K 3700 Block Banting Place SEY/COQ Big Bend D AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-495K 8400 Block Nelson Avenue SEY/COQ Big Bend L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-496K 8200 Block Wiggins Street SEY/COQ Big Bend D DI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-497K 8300 Block Willard Street SEY/COQ Big Bend D DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-498K 9001 Riverway Place SEY/COQ Big Bend L DI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-499K 3800 Block North Fraser Way SEY/COQ Big Bend M DI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-500K 5400 Block Dundas Street SEY Capitol Hill M AC 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-529K 5200 Block Penzance SEY Hastings L CI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-530K 400 Block Northcliffe Crescent
SEY Hastings L Polybutylene 50 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-560K 3600 Brighton Avenue SEY/CAP Central Valley M DI 300 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-561K 6100 Block Deer Lake Parkway
SEY/CAP Central Valley M DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, DBP, Metals
BUR-562K 1300 Block Gilmore Street SEY/CAP Central Valley D AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-563K 6200 Block Lougheed Hwy SEY/CAP Central Valley M DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-564K 4410 Still Creek Drive SEY/CAP Central Valley L DI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-565K 5500 Block Laurel Street SEY/CAP Central Valley M AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-566K 4200 Block Garden Grove Drive
SEY/CAP Central Valley M DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-567K SS of CG Brown Pool, Sprott St
SEY/CAP Central Valley M DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-568K 3800 Block Phillips Street SEY/CAP Central Valley M AC 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-569K 3200 Block Smith Avenue SEY Hospital L AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-570K 6000 Buckingham Drive SEY Stanley M AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, Metals
BUR-572K 8500 Block Forest Grove Drive
SEY Forest Grove M DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-573K 4400 Block Dundas St SEY North
Burnaby M HDPE 350 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 10 of 25
TABLE 3: Burnaby Drinking Water Sample Locations (2010) Site
Code Location
Water Source
Pressure Zone
Flow Type
Main Composition
Main Size (mm)
Parameters Analyzed
BUR-574K 200 Block Gilmore SEY North
Burnaby L DI 300 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-575K 1100 Block Madison SEY North
Burnaby M CI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-576K 6100 Block Curtis Street SEY North
Burnaby L AC 300 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-577K 1471 Heathdale Drive SEY North
Burnaby L AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-578K 1600 Block Burnwood Drive SEY North
Burnaby M DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-579K 3800 Block Ingleton SEY Hospital M CI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-580K 4400 Block Moscrop Street SEY Hospital L CI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-581K 7900 Block Kaymar Street SEY/COQJoffre-
Patterson M AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-582K 8100 Block 16th Avenue SEY/COQ Kingsway M AC 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, Metals
BUR-583K 7500 Block Edmonds Street SEY/COQ Kingsway M AC 300 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-584K 7200 Block Edmonds Street SEY/COQ Kingsway M DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, DBP, pH
BUR-585K 5400 Block Rumble Street SEY/COQ Kingsway L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-586K 3800 Block Rumble Street SEY/COQ Kingsway M CI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, DBP, Metals
BUR-587K 4400 Block Kingsway SEY/COQ Kingsway L CI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-588K 7500 Block Cumberland Street
SEY/COQ Kingsway M DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-589K 6500 Block Marlborough Street
SEY/COQ Kingsway M AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-590K 6100 Block Imperial Street SEY/COQ Kingsway L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-592K 9800 Block Lyndhurst Street SEY Lake City L CI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine, Metals
BUR-593K 3390 Lake City Way SEY Lake City L AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-594K 9000 Centaurus Circle SEY Lake City L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-595K Rochester West of North Road
SEY Lake City M DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-596K 561 Duthie Avenue SEY North
Burnaby M CI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-597K Univ. High St. & Univ. Cresc. SEY Simon Fraser D DI 450 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 11 of 25
TABLE 3: Burnaby Drinking Water Sample Locations (2010) Site
Code Location
Water Source
Pressure Zone
Flow Type
Main Composition
Main Size (mm)
Parameters Analyzed
BUR-598K 100 Centennial Way Note: sample site has been removed and replaced with 856K.
BUR-660K North Road Across from Hume Park
SEY/CAP/COQ
Lake City L DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-661K 5300 Block Kira Court SEY/CAP/
COQ Hospital L CI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-668K 1000 Block Ayshire Drive SEY/CAP/
COQ Curtis-Duthie L DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-669K Gatenby & Monarch SEY/CAP/
COQ Kincaid L AC 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-800K 7400 Block Mulberry Place SEY/CAP/
COQ Cariboo L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-850K 4300 Block Vipond Place SEY/CAP/
COQ Kingsway D DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-851K 9200 Block Holmes Street SEY/CAP/
COQ Kingsway L DI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-852K 7200 Block Gibson Street SEY/CAP/
COQ North
Burnaby L DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-853K 1500 Block Sperling Avenue SEY/CAP/
COQ North
Burnaby L AC 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-854K 5500 Block Carson Street SEY/CAP/
COQ South Slope L DI 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-855K 5000 Block Manor Street SEY/CAP/
COQ Central Valley L AC 150 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
BUR-856K Centennial Reservoir SEY Centennial CI 200 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine BUR-857K Curtis Reservoir SEY Curtis-Duthie DI 250 Bacteriology, Turbidity, Temp., Free Chlorine
Explanatory Notes Bacteriology: E. Coli, Total Coliform, Heterotrophic Plate Count SEY: Seymour Reservoir DBP: Disinfection Byproducts COQ: Coquitlam Reservoir Flow Types: M=medium flow, L=low flow, D=unlooped lines with very low flow CAP: Capilano Reservoir
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 12 of 25
The collected samples were submitted to the Metro Vancouver Laboratory for Total Coliform, E. Coli (indicator of fecal contamination), Heterotrophic Plate Count (to monitor the system for early bacterial re-growth in the water distribution system) and turbidity analysis. The Metro Vancouver Laboratory is a member of the Canadian Association of Environmental Analytical Laboratories (CAEAL), is accredited by the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) and is also approved by the Provincial Medical Health Officer for potable water testing.
A total of 3,042 routine drinking water samples were obtained in 2010 for bacteriological analysis. These included 1,229 samples collected from City sample sites and 1,813 samples collected from Metro Vancouver transmission line sites located within the City boundary (see Appendix B for details). Together, the average number of samples collected for bacterial monitoring every month was over 200 and is well above the 103 monthly sample requirement stipulated in the B.C. Drinking Water Protection Regulation for Burnaby’s population size. Metro Vancouver’s sample numbers for the first quarter of the year were high due to enhanced sampling during the 2010 Olympic Games (see Appendix A- Section 7 for more detailed information). In addition, with the concurrence from the Fraser Health Authority (FHA), four sample locations were selected to analyze the water for disinfection by-products (Haloacetic Acids and Total Trihalomethanes), five locations were used for determining levels of metals in potable water, and one sample location was selected to monitor pH. From a reporting perspective, FHA was provided with the drinking water quality results directly by the Metro Vancouver laboratory at the same time as the results were sent to the City. In addition, any potable water sample result showing bacteriological criteria exceedance was immediately reported to the FHA and mutually acceptable corrective actions such as, but not limited to, line flushing and re-sampling were undertaken. It is to be noted that information regarding sampling locations, sample frequency, sample collection methodology, sample parameters and the laboratory to be used for sample analysis were submitted and accepted by the regulatory agency.
4.2 Analysis of Water Quality Results within the City’s Distribution System
In 2010, of all the samples collected within the City boundary, 1,229 samples were collected from 62 sample locations in the City operated water distribution system (Table 4 and Appendix B), the remaining samples were collected from Metro Vancouver’s transmission lines (details in Appendix B). In reviewing the drinking water quality sampling data from the City’s distribution system, it is noted that the drinking water quality continued to improve when compared to 1997 which is the year before the first regional secondary disinfection facility began operation.
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 13 of 25
TABLE 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010)
Sample Location
Location Code
Routine Sample
Free Chlorine Residual
<0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
>0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
Avg (mg/L)
E. Coli Positive
Total Coliform Positive
Turbidity 0-1 NTU
Turbidity >1-2 NTU
Turbidity >2-3 NTU
Turbidity >3-5 NTU
Turbidity NA NTU
8550 Barnet Highway
BUR-490K 20 6 14 0.31 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
7400 Block Fraser Park Dr
BUR-491K 20 0 20 0.76 0 0 19 0 0 0 1
5700 Block Marine Dr
BUR-492K 20 0 20 0.84 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
7740 20th St BUR-493K 19 1 18 0.56 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 3700 Block Banting Pl
BUR-494K 20 2 18 0.36 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
8400 Block Nelson Ave
BUR-495K 20 0 20 0.66 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
8200 Block Wiggins St
BUR-496K 20 2 18 0.45 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
8300 Block Willard St
BUR-497K 20 9 11 0.22 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
9001 Riverway Pl
BUR-498K 20 0 20 0.65 0 0 19 0 0 0 1
3800 Block North Fraser Way
BUR-499K 18 0 18 0.77 0 1 18 0 0 0 0
5400 Block Dundas St
BUR-500K 19 0 19 0.86 0 0 19 0 0 0 0
5200 Block Penzance Dr
BUR-529K 20 0 20 0.94 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
400 Block Northcliffe Cres
BUR-530K 20 0 20 0.83 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
3600 Brighton Ave
BUR-560K 20 0 20 0.71 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
6100 Block Deer Lake Parkway
BUR-561K 20 0 20 0.93 0 0 18 0 0 0 2
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 14 of 25
TABLE 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010)
Sample Location
Location Code
Routine Sample
Free Chlorine Residual
<0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
>0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
Avg (mg/L)
E. Coli Positive
Total Coliform Positive
Turbidity 0-1 NTU
Turbidity >1-2 NTU
Turbidity >2-3 NTU
Turbidity >3-5 NTU
Turbidity NA NTU
1300 Block Gilmore St
BUR-562K 20 0 20 1.02 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
6200 Block Lougheed Hwy
BUR-563K 20 0 20 0.72 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
4410 Still Creek Dr
BUR-564K 20 0 20 0.90 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
5500 Block Laurel St
BUR-565K 20 0 20 0.77 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
4200 Block Garden Grove Dr
BUR-566K 20 0 20 0.90 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
SS of CG Brown Pool, Sprott St
BUR-567K 20 0 20 0.85 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
3800 Block Phillips St
BUR-568K 20 0 20 0.76 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
3200 Block Smith Ave
BUR-569K 20 0 20 0.89 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
6000 Buckingham Dr
BUR-570K 20 0 20 0.81 0 1 20 0 0 0 0
8500 Block Forest Grove Dr
BUR-572K 18 0 18 0.95 0 0 17 0 0 0 1
4400 Block Dundas St
BUR-573K 20 0 20 0.96 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
200 Block Gilmore
BUR-574K 20 0 20 1.03 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
1100 Block Madison Ave
BUR-575K 20 0 20 0.93 0 0 19 0 0 0 1
6100 Block Curtis St
BUR-576K 19 0 19 0.96 0 0 18 0 1 0
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 15 of 25
TABLE 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010)
Sample Location
Location Code
Routine Sample
Free Chlorine Residual
<0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
>0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
Avg (mg/L)
E. Coli Positive
Total Coliform Positive
Turbidity 0-1 NTU
Turbidity >1-2 NTU
Turbidity >2-3 NTU
Turbidity >3-5 NTU
Turbidity NA NTU
1471 Heathdale Dr
BUR-577K 20 0 20 0.85 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
1600 Block Burnwood Dr
BUR-578K 20 0 20 0.98 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
3800 Block Ingleton Ave
BUR-579K 19 0 19 0.96 0 0 19 0 0 0 0
4400 Block Moscrop St
BUR-580K 20 0 20 0.98 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
7900 Block Kaymar St
BUR-581K 20 0 20 0.83 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
8100 Block 16th Ave
BUR-582K 20 0 20 0.81 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
7500 Block Edmonds St
BUR-583K 20 0 20 0.84 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
7200 Block Edmonds St
BUR-584K 20 0 20 0.82 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
5400 Block Rumble St
BUR-585K 20 0 20 0.85 0 1 20 0 0 0 0
3800 Block Rumble St
BUR-586K 20 0 20 0.71 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
4400 Block Kingsway
BUR-587K 20 0 20 0.94 0 0 19 1 0 0 0
7500 Block Cumberland St
BUR-588K 19 0 19 0.70 0 1 18 1 0 0 0
6500 Block Marlborough St
BUR-589K 20 0 20 0.84 0 0 15 3 0 0 2
6100 Block Imperial St
BUR-590K 20 0 20 0.81 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
9800 Block Lyndhurst St
BUR-592K 20 0 20 0.85 0 1 20 0 0 0 0
3390 Lake City Way
BUR-593K 20 0 20 0.71 0 1 20 0 0 0 0
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 16 of 25
TABLE 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010)
Sample Location
Location Code
Routine Sample
Free Chlorine Residual
<0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
>0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
Avg (mg/L)
E. Coli Positive
Total Coliform Positive
Turbidity 0-1 NTU
Turbidity >1-2 NTU
Turbidity >2-3 NTU
Turbidity >3-5 NTU
Turbidity NA NTU
9000 Centaurus Cir
BUR-594K 20 0 20 0.86 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
Rochester St West of North Rd
BUR-595K 20 0 20 0.87 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
561 Duthie Av BUR-596K 20 0 20 0.83 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 Univ. High St. & Univ. Cres
BUR-597K 20 0 20 0.71 0 0 16 2 0 0 2
100 Centennial Wy
BUR-598K Note: sample site has been removed and replaced by 856K. North Rd Across from Hume Park
BUR-660K 20 0 20 0.76 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
5300 Block Kira Crt
BUR-661K 19 0 19 0.92 0 0 19 0 0 0 0
1000 Block Ayshire Dr
BUR-668K 19 0 19 0.87 0 0 19 0 0 0 0
Gatenby Ave & Monarch St
BUR-669K 20 0 20 0.84 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
7400 Block Mulberry Pl
BUR-800K 20 0 20 0.73 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
4300 Block Vipond Pl
BUR-850K 20 0 20 0.78 0 0 17 3 0 0 0
9200 Block Holmes St
BUR-851K 20 0 20 0.67 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
7200 Block Gibson St
BUR-852K 21 0 21 1.00 0 1 21 0 0 0 0
1500 Block Sperling Ave
BUR-853K 20 0 20 0.98 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
5500 Block Carson St
BUR-854K 20 0 20 0.76 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
5000 Block Manor St
BUR-855K 20 0 20 0.83 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 17 of 25
TABLE 4: Burnaby Drinking Water Quality Sample Results (2010)
Sample Location
Location Code
Routine Sample
Free Chlorine Residual
<0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
>0.2 (mg/L)
Free Chlorine Residual
Avg (mg/L)
E. Coli Positive
Total Coliform Positive
Turbidity 0-1 NTU
Turbidity >1-2 NTU
Turbidity >2-3 NTU
Turbidity >3-5 NTU
Turbidity NA NTU
Centennial Reservoir
BUR-856K 19 14 6 0.25 0 0 18 1 0 0 0
Curtis Reservoir
BUR-857K 20 0 20 0.91 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
Totals 1229 34 1196 0.80 0 7 1202 16 1 0 10
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 18 of 25
4.2.1 Total Coliform and Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) Bacteria
Overall, the bacteriological water quality complied with the B.C. Drinking Water Protection Regulation (Figure 3). There was no E. Coli bacteria detected in any of the potable water samples. With respect to Total Coliform, seven (7) samples were found to contain Total Coliform but at no time did the percentage of samples tested positive for Total Coliform exceed the 10% stipulated in the B.C. Drinking Water Protection Regulations. Two (2) of the seven (7) samples (BUR-499L on August 10, 2010 and BUR-588K on August 31, 2010) tested Confluent Growth (CGC) for Total Coliforms and the site locations were resampled the next day with no detectible Total Coliforms. Sampling contamination was the suspected cause for the CGC samples. Any sample with greater than 1 Total Coliform would result in resampling. Any sample with greater than 10 Total Coliforms would result in a follow-up with FHA and immediate flushing of applicable water mains and re-sampling.
0
5
10
15
20
1-Jan 31-Jan 2-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 31-May 30-Jun 30-Jul 29-Aug 28-Sep 28-Oct 27-Nov 27-Dec
Percent of samples positive for coliform bacteria in a 30 day period ending on date shown (10% allowed)
Number of samples positive for E. coli bacteria (none allowed)
Number of samples per month containing more than 10 coliform bacteria per 100 mL (none allowed)
10% STANDARD
Figure 3- Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Potable Water Samples Compliance with BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation
4.2.2 Heterotrophic Plate Count
The annual average levels of Heterotrophic Plate Counts (HPC) have been decreasing over the last ten years (Figure 4). While bacteriological re-growth in late summer and fall period
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 19 of 25
is still occurring (due to warmer water temperatures), it is to a much lesser extent than in previous years. Continued effort in unidirectional flushing of water mains and maintaining free chlorine residual objective of 0.2 mg/L helps keeping the low HPC levels.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
An
nu
al A
vera
ge
HP
C V
alu
es, C
FU
/mL
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
An
nu
al A
vera
ge
Res
idu
al C
hlo
rin
e L
evel
s, m
g/L
HPC Residual Chlorine Unidirectional Flushing BeginsRegional Rechlorination Started
Figure 4- Improvements in Water Quality in Distribution System (1997-2010)
4.2.3 Free Chlorine Residual
In comparing the free chlorine residual levels at various sampling stations over the past 10 years it is noted that there has been a significant improvement in the residual levels at all sampling stations (Figure 5, Figure 6). All of the sampling stations on average achieved the objective of 0.2 mg/L or above in 2010 (Figure 5). Areas that experience temporary lower residual chlorine may be due to low flow/use through the distribution system. The City maintains the residual chlorine levels in these areas by more frequent flushing of the watermains to enhance flow.
4.2.4 Disinfection By-Products and Physical/Chemical Parameters
The disinfection by-products, measured as Total Trihalomethanes and Bromodichloromethane, and were found to be below the Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) value of 100 parts per billion and 16 parts per billion, respectively noted in the GCDWQ (Table 5). Haloacetic Acids measured above the MAC value of 80 parts per billion on several occasions (Table 5) were as a result of interim changes undertaken by Metro Vancouver in the chlorination process while bringing the Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant in operation.
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578 K
855 K
593 K
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0 830 1,660 2,490 3,320415Meters
μ
Revision date: 2011/06/03
City of Burnaby does not warrant or guarantee the correctness of this information, which may be subject to change without notice.
Figure 5Water Quality Data - Chlorine Residuals for 2010
LegendCity of Burnaby
Average Free Chlorine Residuals for 2010
0.2 mg/L or moreless than 0.2 mg/L
569
856
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BURNABY LAKE
DEER LAKE
BURRARD INLET
FRASER RIVER
VAN
CO
UVE
R
NEW WESTMINISTER
597
564 K
561 K
567 K
576 K
577 K
563 K
669 K
570 K
800 K
851 K
588 K
582 K
587 K
584 K
583 K590 K
850 K
585 K586 K
581 K
497 K
495 K
491 K
494 K
496 K
499 K
498 K
854 K
492 K
596 K
853 K
589 K
852 K572 K
595 K
660 K
592 K594 K
560 K568 K
593 K
490 K
598 K
530 K
578 K
668 K
565 K
855 K
569 K
579 K
566 K
580 K
661 K
529 K
500 K573 K
574 K
575 K
562 K
KINGSWAY
CENTRAL-VALLEY
BIGBEND
HASTINGS
LAKE CITY
NORTH BURNABY
BARNET
STANLEY
BURNABY HOSPITAL
CURTIS-DUTHIE
SIMON FRASER
CAPITOL HILL
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SOUTHSLOPE
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FOREST GROVE
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PINERIDGE HEIGHTS
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NO
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RES
S
IRIS
ENTERPRISE
WATLING
BERKLEY
RUGBY
MONTROSE
ELMWOOD
MARK
PATRICK
TANNER
WAL
L
PER
CIV
AL
STILL CREEK
GRASSMERE
BLA
INE
BRAID
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NATION
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ALASKA
SUNSET
LILY
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BEA
VER
BR
OO
K
ATLE
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LEY
TURNER
GORING
ADANAC
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THOMAS
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RAN
ELA
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CH
AFFE
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CU
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HU
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Y
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DU
NC
AN
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AN
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CAM
RO
SE
DR
UM
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UT
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BURNABY
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CE
STOR
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OR
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SUMAS
ING
LETO
N
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ALE
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AD
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LE
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CO
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FLO
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R
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N
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EN
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RIE
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ILLE
STRAWSON
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ROSEGLE
N
WO
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GLE
N
ALDOUS
GR
EEN
STRIDE
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DEER LAKE
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PANDORA
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49TH
MA
CP
HER
SO
N
11TH
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ING
ER
MCKEE
BELL
DOUGLAS
21ST
BUR
NW
OO
D
STANLEY
BETA
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MO
RE
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2ND
18TH
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LEY
RAMP
PHIL
LIPS
GEORGIA
RAMP
CAMBRIDGE
SUNSET
RAMP
RO
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ER
RY
15TH
RAMP
ELG
IN
RAN
DO
LPH
MOSCROP
BURGESS
ING
LETO
N
RIVER7T
H
BLA
INE
11TH
CLINTON
VENABLES
EDINBURGH
BURNS
CHARLES
YALE
RU
SSE
LL
CHARLES
9TH
NANAIMO
CARSON
PHIL
LIP
S
WATLING
RAM
P
14TH
14TH
LAUREL
SUS
SEX
16TH
BURKE
WOODSWORTH
20TH
SARDIS
SPE
RLI
NG
17TH
MCKAY
FIR
KITCHENER
BURNS
AUG
UST
A
RAMP
18TH
FULWELL
HURST
ING
LETO
N
6TH
RAM
P
HAMILTON
BAR
KER
GRANT
ASH
CARSON
15TH
TRAN
S CAN
ADA
DU
NC
AN
MA
DIS
ON
WILLINGDON
RAM
P
BERESFORD
19TH
DUNDAS
7TH
IRMIN
GRANT
MARTIN
ELLE
RSL
IE
ELWELL
HILL
4TH
WE
STM
INST
ER
TRANS CANADA
20TH
TRAN
S C
AN
AD
A
6TH
MCGILL
IRMIN
RO
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OAK
SUMAS
KEN
SIN
GTO
N
RAM
P
GILPIN
LIN
CO
LN
DURHAM
KOO
TEN
AY
SPE
RLI
NG
ALP
HA
SMIT
H
GIL
PIN
STANLEY
15TH 13TH
SKE
ENA
WIGGINS
FOREST
RAN
ELA
GH
SARDIS
TRINITY
HEA
THD
ALE
13TH
BOU
ND
ARY
EWEN
CH
ESH
AM
UNION
EWART
13TH
18TH
ELWELL
GORDON
ELSO
M
GILPIN
AVALON
BROADWAY
WATLING
49TH
KITCHENERAN
TRIM
KENT
ELLE
SME
RE
BERESFORD
6TH
12TH
PRINCESS
17TH
BUCHANAN
NEVILLE
NORFOLK
CU
RR
AGH
11TH
17TH
RAMP
EDINBURGH
BOND
SKE
ENA
EDINBURGH
FELL
MA
CD
ON
ALD
19TH
ELWELL
INMAN
BURRIS
AUBREY
BRAELAWN
13TH
15TH
UNIVERSITY
17TH
WATLING
BYRNE
NATI
ON
CANADA
KEITH
DUBLIN
HO
Y
PATRICK
CARSON
BUC
HA
NA
N
WOOD
HARDWICK
CEDARWOOD
STILL CREEK
FELL
WALKER
SPROTT
BUCHANAN
SPE
RLI
NG
BERESFORD
17TH
21ST
LONDON
SKE
ENA
UNIVERSITY
19TH
MCBRIDE
BURNS
TRAN
S C
AN
AD
A
HIGHLAND
15TH
BAIN
BR
IDG
E
12TH
SUMAS
JOFF
RE
20TH
CAMBRIDGE
PRENTER
SPRUCE
5TH
TRAPP
FIR
15TH
6TH
RAMP
LINDEN
SPRUCE
14TH
REGENT
GOVERNMENT
PORTLAND
NO
RLA
ND
CLINTON
KENT
DUBLIN
CHARLES
WINSTON
BUFFALO
JUBI
LEE
RAM
P
12TH
MANOR
NORFOLK
RAMP
CHARLES
PATRICK
BETA
CARNEGIE
STILL CREEK
PATT
ER
SO
N
14TH
IRIS
GRANT
ELWELL
BETA
7TH
KINCAID
16TH
22ND
PRICE
DO
W
DUNNEDIN
11TH
NAPIER
LEIBLY
RAMP
4TH
MORLEY
PHILLIPS
6TH
CORONA
18TH
7TH
ESM
ON
D
PANDORA
PHIL
LIP
S
SKE
ENA
DOMINION
BURKE
IRMIN
MC
KA
Y
DOMINION
SILV
ER
GRAVELEY
15TH
14TH
PRICE
IRMIN
RAMP
9TH
CARIBOO
SOUTHWOOD
MO
RLE
Y
10TH
RO
SSE
R
PATT
ER
SO
N
NELS
ON
LOZE
LLS
BURRIS
EMP
RES
S
ELS
OM
18TH
17TH
SCHOU
STR
ATF
OR
D
AVONDALE
DU
NBL
AN
E
7TH
MCKEE
MA
CP
HER
SO
N
ADAIR
EMERSON
IMPERIAL
CAR
LETO
N
BRYANT
15TH
DO
W
SOUTHWOOD
RAMP
16TH
BETA
WE
STM
INST
ER
BERKLEY
HO
WAR
D
MORLEY
BETA
23RD
CARSON
HASZARD
HALIFAX
KEITH
RAMP
BOND
18TH
IMPERIAL
CLI
FF
13TH
MCGILL
PINE
GEORGIA
15TH
NAPIER
IRMIN
FENWICK
IRMIN
LAUREL
GREENWOOD
6TH
LISTER
ESM
ON
D
RAM
P
10TH
ROSEWOOD
REGENT
JARDINE
11TH
GRANT
MAYFIELD
DAWSON
GR
AY
TRIUMPH
CLINTON
AUC
KLA
ND
PHIL
LIP
S
PRICE
ETON
SUS
SEX
WA
LTH
AM
WILLIAM
KINCAID
ASH
CLAUDE
BAR
NET
1ST
GRANT
KINCAID
RAMP
RAMP
SUMAS
HIGHWAY_91A
19TH
SMIT
H
PRICE
PANDORA
FULWELL
OXFORD
20TH
0 810 1,620 2,430 3,240405Meters
μ
Revision date: 2008/05/27
City of Burnaby does not warrant or guarantee the correctness of this information, which may be subject to change without notice.
Legend
0.00 < 0.19mg/L
0.20 > 1mg/L
598
City of Burnaby Average Free Chlorine Residuals
for 1997
569
Figure 6Water Quality Data - Chlorine Residuals for 1997
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 22 of 25
TABLE 5: Burnaby Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products & pH Results (2010) THM (ppb) HAA (ppb)
Sample Site
Sample Date
Bro
mod
ichl
orom
etha
ne
Bro
mof
orm
Chl
orod
ibro
mom
etha
ne
Chl
orof
orm
Tot
al T
rihal
omet
hane
s
Tot
al T
HM
Qua
rter
ly
Ave
rage
Dib
rom
oace
tic A
cid
Dic
hlor
oace
tic A
cid
Mon
obro
moa
cetic
Aci
d
Mon
ochl
oroa
cetic
Aci
d
Tric
hlor
oace
tic A
cid
Tot
al H
aloa
cetic
Aci
d
Tot
al H
AA
Qua
rter
ly
Ave
rage
pH
09-05-29 <1 <1 <1 43 43 NA <0.5 17 <1 2 18 37 NA NA 09-08-21 1 <1 <1 40 41 NA <0.5 22 <1 5 25 52 NA NA 09-11-23 <1 <1 <1 62 62 NA <0.5 56 <1 5 77 140 NA NA 10-01-21 <1 <1 <1 49 49 49 <0.5 55 <1 14 72 140 92 NA 10-05-19 <1 <1 <1 83 83 59 <0.5 45 <1 15 52 112 111 NA 10-09-13 1 <1 <1 22 23 54 <0.5 22 <1 16 11 50 111 NA
BUR-561K
10-11-25 <1 <1 <1 21 21 44 <0.5 13 <1 18 12 42 86 NA 09-05-29 <1 <1 <1 41 41 NA <0.5 32 <1 2 31 65 NA NA 09-08-21 1 <1 <1 41 42 NA <0.5 22 <1 7 24 53 NA NA 09-11-23 <1 <1 <1 27 27 NA <0.5 19 <1 5 22 46 NA NA 10-01-21 <1 <1 <1 35 35 36 <0.5 42 <1 8 32 82 62 NA 10-05-19 <1 <1 <1 76 76 45 <0.5 40 <1 6 41 86 67 NA 10-09-13 1 <1 <1 24 25 41 <0.5 24 <1 8 26 57 68 NA
BUR-584K
10-11-25 <1 <1 <1 23 23 40 <0.5 18 <1 18 18 55 70 7.3 09-05-29 <1 <1 <1 52 52 NA <0.5 31 <1 5 38 74 NA NA 09-08-21 1 <1 <1 50 51 NA <0.5 14 <1 5 26 45 NA NA 09-11-23 <1 <1 <1 50 50 NA <0.5 29 <1 5 46 79 NA NA 10-01-21 <1 <1 <1 64 64 54 <0.5 59 <1 14 46 120 80 NA 10-05-19 <1 <1 <1 85 85 63 <0.5 36 <1 10 40 86 83 NA 10-09-13 1 <1 <1 29 30 57 <0.5 28 <1 13 30 71 89 NA
BUR-586K
10-11-25 <1 <1 <1 36 37 54 <0.5 21 <1 12 25 58 84 NA 09-05-29 <1 <1 <1 61 61 NA <0.5 5 <1 <2 5 10 NA NA 09-08-21 1 <1 <1 56 57 NA <0.5 2 <1 2 2 6 NA NA 09-11-23 1 <1 <1 58 59 NA <0.5 8 <1 3 9.8 21 NA NA 10-01-21 <1 <1 <1 46 46 56 <0.5 17 <1 8 21 47 21 NA 10-05-19 <1 <1 <1 89 89 63 <0.5 5 <1 <2 46 51 31 NA 10-09-13 1 <1 <1 36 37 58 <0.5 22 <1 3 28 52 43 NA
BUR-598K (BUR-856K
used for 2010 data)
10-11-25 1 <1 <1 35 36 52 <0.5 3 <1 <2 5 8 40 NA
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 23 of 25
The pH levels of water at the select sample location were representative of the pH of source water. The water sample was 7.3, meeting the Aesthetic Objective of 6.5 to 8.5 noted in the GCDWQ (Table 5).
4.2.5 Turbidity
Majority (98.6%) of the samples obtained had turbidity <1 NTU (Table 4). Sixteen (16) samples had turbidity between 1-2 NTU and one (1) sample had turbidity between 2-3 NTU. Samples where turbidity was greater than 1 NTU may be attributed to source water conditions or other transient activities which causes a change in the water pressure or flow in the system. These activities include water main flushing, water main breaks, or fire fighting. In an event that a sample indicated a high turbidity reading, follow up with the FHA and immediate flushing of applicable watermain(s) and re-sampling would be undertaken as appropriate.
4.2.6 Metals
Drinking water samples from five stations were tested for metals on two different occasions. None of the sample results exceeded any guideline values stipulated in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Table 6).
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 24 of 25
TABLE 6: Burnaby Drinking Water Total Metal Sampling Results (2010) Site BUR-561K BUR-570K BUR-582K BUR-586K BUR-592K Guidelines1
Sample Date 10/06/16 10/11/16 10/06/16 10/11/16 10/06/16 10/11/16 10/06/16 10/11/16 10/06/16 10/11/16 Max. AestheticAluminum 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 NA NA Arsenic <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 NA Barium 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 1 NA Boron <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 5 NA Cadmium <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 0.005 NA Calcium 4.29 3.72 4.32 3.65 4.32 3.61 4.21 2.27 4.11 3.54 NA NA Chromium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05 NA Cobalt <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NA NA Copper 0.02 0.009 0.012 0.016 0.009 0.007 0.041 0.036 0.005 0.003 NA <1.0 Iron 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.01 NA <0.3 Lead 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 NA Magnesium 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.1 0.15 0.15 NA NA Manganese 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 NA <0.05 Molybdenum <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 NA NA Nickel <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NA NA Selenium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 NA Silver <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NA NA Sodium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 4.9 1.4 1.8 NA <200
To
tal M
etal
s (m
g/L
)
Zinc 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.004 NA <5.0
NA – No Current Guideline Available 1 Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines
Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (2010)
2010 Drinking Water Report, Page 25 of 25
5 A PUBLIC HEALTH MESSAGE FROM THE MEDICAL HEALTH OFFICER / DRINKING WATER OFFICER
As per standard recommended water practices, “Water from taps that are not used for several hours is good for washing or watering plants but not for drinking or cooking, as it may contain elevated levels of lead or copper. Run the water for at least one minute, or until the water is cold before using it for drinking or cooking. For the same reason never use water from hot taps for drinking or cooking.”
APPENDIX A
Metro Vancouver Water Quality Control Annual Report for 2010
Water Committee Meeting Date: May 18, 2011
To: Water Committee From: K. Andrew Gibson, Superintendent of Water Quality Control Date: April 26, 2011 Subject: Summary of GVWD Quality Control Annual Report for 2010 Recommendation: That the Board receive for information the report dated April 26, 2011 titled Summary of GVWD Quality Control Annual Report for 2010.
1. PURPOSE
To provide the Board with a summary of the 2010 Quality Control Annual Report on drinking water quality.
2. CONTEXT
The Quality Control Division of the Operations and Maintenance Department is responsible for monitoring and assessment of drinking water quality for the GVWD. The annual report summarizes the information gathered through the various monitoring programs carried out by the Division in 2010. The report also provides an assessment of drinking water quality relative to drinking water guidelines, highlights unusual occurrences and discusses municipal monitoring results where relevant. As required by BC’s Drinking Water Protection Act and Regulation, the report will be submitted to Dr. Patricia Daly, Chief Medical Health Officer and Vice-President of Public Health for Vancouver Coastal Health. The report will also be sent to public libraries in the region, will be available through the Metro Vancouver library and through the Metro Vancouver Information Centre, and will be posted on Metro Vancouver’s website as were previous reports. A summary of the major water quality issues in 2010 follows:
• Source Water Quality o Capilano was out of service in the winter and early spring of 2010 due to high
or unstable turbidity. With the exception of eight days in June when it was out of service due to high turbidity, Capilano was in service during the late spring and summer and operated at low turbidity. On September 22, 2010, Capilano was removed from service and remained so for the remainder of 2010. While in service the turbidity of Capilano water did not exceed 1 NTU. The Seymour and Coquitlam supplies were in service for the entire year. At the beginning of 2010 there were nine days that Seymour daily average turbidity exceeded 1 NTU before complete implementation of filtration at this source. The Coquitlam source exceeded 1 NTU for less than one day while in service.
Section E 1.3
WD - 21
o The bacteriological quality of the three source waters was good in 2010. All
three sources easily met the bacteriological requirements for avoiding filtration outlined in the Turbidity section of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ).
o The numbers of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts and oocysts detected in
2010, when compared to results for previous years, again fluctuated with no discernable pattern. There has always been considerable variation in the results from year to year. For Giardia, if the percentages of presumed positives are averaged across the three sources, the average for 2010 is 57% compared to 33% in 2009 and 40% for 2008. Similarly, the average of presumed positives for Cryptosporidium was 5% in 2010 compared to 4% for 2009 and 7% in 2008. Cryptosporidium was not detected in samples from the Seymour source in 2010. The reason for the variations in Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels is not known, however, levels remain extremely low from year to year. When water filtration for Seymour and Capilano and UV disinfection at Coquitlam are fully in place, Health Canada requirements for water treatment for Giardia and Cryptosporidium will be met for all three sources.
o Results of the analysis of the source water for herbicides, pesticides and
volatile organic compounds were all below the detection limit, which means that none of these compounds were found in the source water. Source water met the limits for all compounds listed in the GCDWQ.
• Water Treatment
o Primary disinfection facilities for the Capilano and Coquitlam water supplies
performed well in 2010; there was no loss of primary disinfection at any of the facilities. Periodic loss of ozonation at Coquitlam due to power outages decreased further in 2010 because of a more reliable power supply completed in early 2007. The secondary disinfection facilities operated well. Performance under low flow conditions continues to be an issue but it is improving.
o The Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant went to full filtration on January 15, 2010 and operated successfully throughout 2010. Average turbidity of water leaving the Clearwells to enter the GVWD transmission system was 0.05 NTU and never more than 0.19 NTU in 2010. All twenty-four individual filters met the GCDWQ of <0.3 NTU for 95% of the time for each month in 2010. Three short events occurred when the turbidity reading from an individual filter briefly exceeded 1.0 NTU.
The primary disinfection facility at Seymour Falls Dam continued to
operate until July 22, 2010 and operated well during the period. The secondary disinfection stations that receive filtered water are
seldom required to boost chlorine as the chlorine demand of filtered water has dropped significantly.
Filtration consistently removed iron, colour and organic carbon from Seymour source water.
WD - 22
Levels of total aluminium in filtered water were consistently below the (GCDWQ) operational guidance value of 0.2 mg/L for direct filtration plants using aluminium-based coagulants. The maximum value for 2010 was <0.1 mg/L.
o Until Capilano supply is filtered, Metro Vancouver’s turbidity response
protocol focuses on minimizing the amount of water with turbidity greater than 1 NTU entering the system. Following this protocol, the Capilano source was taken out of service in the winter of 2009 - 2010 and returned to service in the spring of 2010 and was removed from service again for 8 days in June of 2010 due to high turbidity. As the turbidity at Capilano was approaching 1 NTU on September 22, 2010 the source was taken out of service and remained out of service for the remainder of the year. As a result of these actions, no Capilano source water was delivered that had a turbidity that exceeded 1 NTU at anytime during 2010.
• Distribution System Water Quality
o Bacteriological water quality was good in the GVWD transmission reservoirs. There was no E. coli / 100 mL detected in samples collected.
o Bacteriological water quality was good in the GVWD transmission mains. There was no E. coli / 100 mL detected in samples collected.
o Bacteriological water quality was good in distribution systems of the member municipalities. The reported increase in the numbers of samples that were positive for total coliforms in 2007 (as compared to 2006) has not been repeated in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Of approximately 19,000 municipal samples collected for testing in 2010, a high percentage (99.8%) were free of total coliforms which was similar to 2009 (99.8%). E. coli was detected in three municipal samples but immediate repeat sampling at the locations (of the positive samples) and throughout the surrounding areas revealed no further E. coli or other coliforms. There were good free chlorine residuals at all sample locations where E. coli was initially detected and at all follow-up resampling locations.
o The levels of the trihalomethane (TTHM) group of chlorine disinfection by-products (DBPs) detected in the delivered water in the GVWD and municipal systems were well below the Maximum Acceptable Concentration in the GCDWQ of 100µg/L (0.1 mg/L). The levels for the haloacetic acid group (THAAs) were higher than those for the TTHMs but were below the new Canadian Guideline of 80µg/L (0.08mg/L) with some exceptions. Sites with elevated THAA levels had mainly received filtered water which had received chlorination at Seymour Dam as well as at SCFP. This greatly raised the running locational quarterly averages for the rest of the year. Monitoring in the last two quarters of 2010, after chlorination at Seymour Dam had been discontinued, provided confirmation that filtration of the water results in lower disinfection by-product levels, as expected.
WD - 23
o During the Winter Olympics in 2010, enhanced monitoring and communications were put in place in order to assure water quality. Metro Vancouver staff worked with staff from those member municipalities hosting Olympic venues and staff from Vancouver Coastal Health to design and implement the program.
3. ALTERNATIVES
No alternatives presented.
4. CONCLUSION
The water quality monitoring program carried out by Metro Vancouver continues to fulfill its role of confirming that the water quality barriers Metro Vancouver has in place, watershed protection, water treatment and ongoing operation of the water system to maintain water quality, are working effectively. In terms of water quality improvements, the monitoring program continues to identify areas of success and areas where improvements are required. The Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant has resulted in significant improvements in water quality. Further improvements in water quality are anticipated when the remaining components of the Drinking Water Treatment Program are completed.
5044500
WD - 24
water
The Greater Vancouver Water District Quality Control Annual Report 2010
VOLUME 1
Foreword
This report has been produced to meet the requirement for water suppliers to produce an annual report on water quality as per the Drinking Water Protection Regulation and as described in the Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan. Volume I of the annual report uses data summaries and graphics to highlight the water quality issues and Volume II provides Chemical and Physical Monitoring results (the actual data). In an effort to reduce paper usage, the printing of Volume II has been limited to provide hard copies only to specific individuals. Volume II will be made available to others if requested, either in hard copy or electronically. Requests for Volume II should be directed to the Water Quality Enquiry Line at 604-451-6010. This report discusses numerous water quality parameters with potential health effects. For detailed information on drinking water health effects, the following web sites are suggested:
Health Canada: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ehp/ehd/bch/water_quality.htm US EPA: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/GDWQ/Summary_tables/Sumtab.htm ISSN 1480-7777
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... 1
2. ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. 4
3. WATER SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAM .................................................... 5
4. SOURCE WATER QUALITY .................................................................................... 6
4.1. Bacteriological Quality of the Source Water .................................................................... 6
4.2. Source Water Monitoring for Giardia and Cryptosporidium ............................................ 7 4.2.1. Source Water Monitoring for Giardia and Cryptosporidium ..................................... 7
4.3. Turbidity .......................................................................................................................... 8
4.4. Chemistry ........................................................................................................................ 9 4.4.1. Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Source Water .................................... 9 4.4.2. Herbicides, Pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radioactivity, and Uranium 10
5. QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT OF WATER TREATMENT ......................... 11
5.1. Primary Disinfection of Capilano and Coquitlam Sources ............................................ 11
5.2 Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant ................................................................................. 12
5.3 Secondary Disinfection ................................................................................................. 21
5.4 Corrosion Control .......................................................................................................... 23
6. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY ........................................................ 25
6.1 Metro Vancouver Transmission Mains .......................................................................... 26 6.1.1. Bacteriological Quality ........................................................................................... 26 6.1.2. Metro Vancouver Reservoirs ................................................................................. 26
6.2 Microbiological Water Quality in Municipal Systems ..................................................... 29
6.3 Disinfection By Products in the Distribution System ..................................................... 31
7.0 REPORT ON MONITORING FOR 2010 WINTER OLYMPICS ............................ 34
8.0 QUALITY CONTROL / QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................. 35 Appendix 1 Chemical and Physical Analyses Summaries…….………………………….……37 Appendix 2 Analysis of Water for Selected Organic Components and Radionuclides………43 Appendix 3 BCCDC Enhanced Water Laboratory Giardia and Cryptosporidium Study….…51
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: PERCENT OF SAMPLES EXCEEDING 20 E. COLI/100 ML AT ALL THREE SOURCES ............. 7 FIGURE 2: AVERAGE DAILY TURBIDITY FROM IN-LINE READINGS OF SOURCE WATER ..................... 9 FIGURE 3: “BLUE” WATER FROM SCFP ........................................................................................13 FIGURE 4: APPARENT COLOUR LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER FILTRATION ......................................14 FIGURE 5: AVERAGE TURBIDITY LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER FILTRATION .....................................14 FIGURE 6: TOTAL IRON LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER FILTRATION ..................................................15 FIGURE 7: TOC LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER FILTRATION ............................................................15 FIGURE 8: COMPARISON OF CHLORINE DEMAND AT 6°C FILTERED AND UNFILTERED WATER .........19 FIGURE 9: CHLORINE TREATMENT LEVELS (MG/L) BEFORE AND AFTER FILTRATION OF SEYMOUR
SOURCE ...................................................................................................................19 FIGURE 10: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF WATER IN METRO VANCOUVER MAINS, 2010 .............26 FIGURE 11: BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF WATER IN METRO VANCOUVER RESERVOIRS, 2010 ...27 FIGURE 12: PERCENT OF SAMPLES PER MONTH POSITIVE FOR TOTAL COLIFORM BACTERIA 2006 TO
2010 ......................................................................................................................30
LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: PERCENT OF SAMPLES IN SIX MONTHS (CURRENT MONTH PLUS FIVE PREVIOUS MONTHS)
WHERE NUMBER OF E. COLI. /100 ML EXCEEDED 20 .......................................................... 6 TABLE 2: PERCENTAGE OF WATER SAMPLES POSITIVE FOR GIARDIA ............................................. 8 TABLE 3: PERCENTAGE OF WATER SAMPLES POSITIVE FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ............................ 8 TABLE 4: DELIVERED WATER TURBIDITY SUMMARIES 2010 ........................................................... 9 TABLE 5: PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY DISINFECTION FACILITIES ................................................. 11 TABLE 6: MONTHLY FILTER EFFLUENT TURBIDITY SUMMARY ....................................................... 17 TABLE 7: PERCENT OF TIME UV DOSAGE MET REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 18 TABLE 8 : CHLORINE RESIDUAL IN SEYMOUR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM .......................................... 20 TABLE 9: PARASITOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RECYCLED CLARIFIED WATER AT SCFP FOR 2010 ...... 21 TABLE 10: PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY DISINFECTION FACILITIES ............................................ 22 TABLE 11: PERFORMANCE OF CORROSION CONTROL FACILITIES .................................................. 24 TABLE 12: STATUS OF METRO VANCOUVER RESERVOIRS 2010 .................................................... 27 TABLE 13: MUNICIPAL WATER QUALITY COMPARED TO THE BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE
BC DWPR FOR 2010 .................................................................................................. 31 TABLE 14: AVERAGE TTHM LEVELS (µG/L) AT METRO VANCOUVER AND MUNICIPAL SITES,
2006-2010. CALCULATED FROM QUARTERLY ANALYSIS RESULTS (MAC 100 µG/L) ...... 31 TABLE 15: AVERAGE THAA5 LEVELS (µG/L) AT METRO VANCOUVER AND MUNICIPAL SITES,
2006 – 2010. CALCULATED FROM QUARTERLY ANALYSIS RESULTS. (MAC 80µG/L) .... 33 TABLE 16: 2010 METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR RESERVOIR WEEKLY FILTER RESULTS ............... 63 TABLE 17: 2010 METRO VANCOUVER CAPILANO RESERVOIR WEEKLY FILTER RESULTS ................ 64 TABLE 18: 2010 METRO VANCOUVER COQUITLAM RESERVOIR WEEKLY FILTER RESULTS ............... 65 TABLE 19: 2010 METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR CAPILANO FILTRATION PLANT - RECYCLED
CLARIFIED WATER (SCFP - RCW) WEEKLY FILTER RESULTS ........................................ 66 TABLE 20: 5 YEAR AVERAGE # OF CYSTS AND OOCYSTS DETECTED/100 L IN EACH RESERVOIR
(2005-2009) ................................................................................................................ 67
TABLE 21: METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM RESULTS ........................................................................................ 68 TABLE 22: METRO VANCOUVER CAPILANO RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM RESULTS ........................................................................................ 70 TABLE 23: METRO VANCOUVER COQUITLAM RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM RESULTS ...................................................................................... 72 TABLE 24: METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR CAPILANO FILTRATION PLANT - RECYCLED CLARIFIED
WATER 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION CRYPTOSPORIDIUM RESULTS ................................... 74 TABLE 25: METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION GIARDIA RESULTS
............................................................................................................................................ 75 TABLE 26: METRO VANCOUVER CAPILANO RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION GIARDIA RESULTS
............................................................................................................................................ 77 TABLE 27: METRO VANCOUVER COQUITLAM RESERVOIR 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION GIARDIA
RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 81 TABLE 28: METRO VANCOUVER SEYMOUR CAPILANO FILTRATION PLANT - RECYCLED CLARIFIED
WATER 2010 SLIDE EXAMINATION GIARDIA RESULTS .................................................... 84
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Source Water Quality
o Capilano was out of service in the winter and early spring of 2010 due to high or unstable turbidity. It was returned to service and operated at low turbidity with the exception of eight days in June. On September 22nd
Capilano was removed from service and remained so for the remainder of 2010. While in service the turbidity of Capilano water did not exceed 1 NTU. The Seymour and Coquitlam supplies were in service for the entire year. At the beginning of 2010 there were nine days that Seymour daily average turbidity exceeded 1 NTU before the implementation of at this source. The Coquitlam source exceeded 1 NTU for less than one day while in service.
o The bacteriological quality of the three source waters was good in 2010. All three sources easily met the bacteriological requirements for avoiding filtration outlined in the Turbidity section of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking.
o The numbers of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts and oocysts detected in 2010
compared to results for previous years again fluctuated with no discernable pattern. There has always been considerable variation in the results from year to year. For Giardia, if the percentages of presumed positives are averaged across the three sources, the average for 2010 is 57% compared to 33% in 2009 and 40% for 2008. Similarly, the average of presumed positives for Cryptosporidium was 5% in 2010 compared to 4% for 2009 and 7% in 2008. Cryptosporidium was not detected in samples from the Seymour source in 2010. The reason for the variations in Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels is not known however levels remain extremely low from year to year. When water filtration for Seymour and Capilano and UV disinfection at Coquitlam are fully in place, Health Canada requirements for water treatment for Giardia and Cryptosporidium will be met for all three sources.
o Results of the analysis of the source water for herbicides, pesticides, and volatile
organic compounds were all below the detection limit which means that none of these compounds were found in the source water. Source water met the limits for all compounds listed in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality.
• Water Treatment
o Primary disinfection facilities for the Capilano and Coquitlam water supplies performed well in 2010; there was no loss of primary disinfection at any of the facilities. Periodic loss of ozonation at Coquitlam due to power outages decreased further in 2010 because of a more reliable power supply completed in early 2007. The secondary disinfection facilities operated well. Performance under low flow conditions continues to be an issue but it is improving.
o The Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant went to full filtration on January 15th, 2010
and operated successfully throughout 2010. Average turbidity of water leaving the Clearwells to enter the GVWD transmission system was 0.05 NTU and never more than 0.19 NTU in 2010. All twenty-four individual filters met the Guidelines
1
for Canadian Drinking Water Quality of <0.3 NTU for 95% of the time for each month in 2010. Three short events occurred when the turbidity reading from an individual filter performance briefly exceeded 1.0 NTU.
The primary disinfection facility at Seymour Falls Dam continued to
operate until July 22, 2010 and operated well during the period. The secondary disinfection stations that receive filtered water are seldom
required to boost chlorine as the chlorine demand of filtered water has dropped significantly.
Filtration consistently removed iron, colour, organic carbon and aluminum from Seymour source water
o Until Capilano supply is filtered, MV turbidity response protocol focuses on
minimizing the amount of water with turbidity greater than 1 NTU entering the system. Following this protocol, the Capilano source was taken out of service in the winter of 2009 - 2010 and returned to service in the spring of 2010 and again for 8 days in June of 2010. As the turbidity at Capilano was approaching 1 NTU on September 22nd
, the source was taken out of service and remained out of service for the remainder of the 2010. As a result of these actions, no Capilano source water was delivered that had a turbidity that exceeded 1 NTU at anytime during 2010.
• Distribution System Water Quality
o Bacteriological water quality was good in the GVWD transmission reservoirs. There was no E. coli / 100 mL detected in samples collected.
o Bacteriological water quality was good in the GVWD transmission mains. There
was no E. coli / 100 mL detected in samples collected. o Bacteriological water quality was good in distribution systems of the member
municipalities. The reported increase in the numbers of samples that were positive for total coliforms in 2007 (as compared to 2006) has not been repeated in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Of approximately 19,000 municipal samples collected for testing in 2010 a high percentage (99.8%) were free of coliforms which was similar to 2009 (99.8%). E. coli was detected in three municipal samples but immediate repeat sampling at the positive location and throughout the surrounding areas revealed no further E. coli or other coliforms. There were good free chlorine residuals at all sample locations where E.coli were initially detected and at all follow-up resampling locations.
o The levels of the trihalomethane (TTHM) group of chlorine disinfection by-
products (DBPs) detected in the delivered water in the GVWD and municipal systems were well below the Maximum Acceptable Concentration in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality of 100µg/L (0.1 mg/L). The levels for the haloacetic acid group (THAAs) were higher than those for the TTHMs but were below the new Canadian Guideline of 80µg/L (0.08mg/L) with some exceptions. Sites with elevated THAA levels had mainly received filtered water which had received chlorination at Seymour Dam as well as at SCFP at the beginning of 2010. This greatly raised the running locational quarterly averages for the rest of the year. The opportunity for using reduced chlorine levels and the
2
use of more filtered water throughout the GVWD will greatly reduce THAA following the commissioning of the Seymour/Capilano Filtration Plant. Filtration removes some of the DBP precursors so levels after filtration are expected to be lower.
o During the Winter Olympics in 2010, an enhanced monitoring program was put in
place. Metro Vancouver staff worked with staff from those member municipalities hosting Olympic venues and staff from Vancouver Coastal Health to design and implement the program.
3
2. ACRONYMS
AO Aesthetic Objective (characteristics such as taste, colour, appearance, temperature that are not health related)
BCDWPR British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Regulation BTEX Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, Xylene CALA Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation CFU Colony Forming Units CFE Combined Filter Effluent DBP Disinfection By-product D.S. Distribution System DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon DWTP Drinking Water Treatment Program E. coli Escherichia coli ESWTR Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (USA) EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA) GCDWQ Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality GVWD Greater Vancouver Water District HAAs Haloacetic Acids HPC Heterotrophic Plate Count IMAC Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration MAC Maximum Acceptable Concentration IFE Individual Filter Effluent MCL Maximum Contaminant Level mg/L Milligram per litre (0.001 g/L)
µg/L Microgram per litre (0.000001 g/L)
mL Milliliter MF Membrane Filtration mJ/cm millijoule per centimeter squared 2 MV Metro Vancouver MPN Most Probable Number NOM Natural Organic Matter NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit PAH Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon pH Measure of acidity or basicity of water; pH 7 is neutral ppb Parts per Billion (Equivalent of microgram per litre) ppm Parts per Million (Equivalent of milligram per litre) SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCFP Seymour/Capilano Filtration Plant THAA Total Haloacetic5 5
THM Acids
Trihalomethane TOC Total Organic Carbon TTHM Total Trihalomethane T.S. Transmission System UV Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nm 254 WHO World Health Organization WQMRP Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan
4
3. WATER SAMPLING AND TESTING PROGRAM
Water Type Parameter Frequency
Untreated, source water
total coliforms and E. coli Daily
Turbidity Daily
Giardia and Cryptosporidium Weekly at Capilano and Coquitlam
ammonia, colour, iron, organic carbon, pH Weekly
alkalinity, chloride, calcium, hardness, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphate, sulphate
Monthly
aluminum, copper, sodium, total and suspended solids Bi-monthly
trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids Quarterly
antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, cyanide, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, phenols, selenium, silver, zinc
Semi-annually
pesticides and herbicides Annually
PAHs, BTEXs Annually
VOC Annually
Radioisotopes Annually
Treated water total coliform and E. coli Daily
Turbidity Daily
ammonia, colour, iron, organic carbon, pH, aluminum at SCFP
Weekly
aluminum, copper, sodium, total and suspended solids Bi-monthly
trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids Quarterly
antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, cyanide, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, phenols, selenium, silver, zinc
Semi-annually
Metro Vancouver Water Mains
total coliform and E. coli Weekly per site
heterotrophic plate count Weekly per site
THM free chlorine Weekly per site
trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, pH Quarterly at selected sites
PAHs, BETXs Semi-annually at selected sites
Metro Vancouver Reservoirs
total coliform and E. coli Weekly per site
heterotrophic plate count Weekly per site
free chlorine Weekly per site
Distribution system sites
total coliform and E. coli Weekly per site
heterotrophic plate count Weekly per site
free chlorine Weekly per site
Turbidity Weekly per site
trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, pH Quarterly at selected sites
5
4. SOURCE WATER QUALITY
The first barrier in place to protect the quality of the drinking water supply is the protection of the watershed to ensure the best quality source water. Source water monitoring provides ongoing confirmation that the barrier is effective, identifies seasonal changes and provides the monitoring information necessary to determine the level of water treatment required. Regular monitoring of the water sources is also a requirement of the Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan (WQMRP).
4.1. BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE SOURCE WATER
The bacteriological quality of the source water is an important indicator of the degree of contamination, and the treatment required to ensure a safe water supply. The Canadian Guideline for Turbidity was published in October 2003, and stipulates bacteriological quality of the source water in its criteria for avoiding filtration as follows: Prior to the point where the disinfectant is applied, the number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in the source water can exceed 20/100 mL (or, if E. coli data are not available, the number of total coliform bacteria can exceed 100/100 mL) in not more than 10% of the weekly samples from the previous 6 months.
Table 1 below summarizes E. coli data from August 2009 to December 2010 for all three Metro Vancouver water sources and indicates that levels of E. coli for all three sources were well below the 10% limit in the Turbidity guideline. Table 1: Percent of samples in six months (current month plus five previous
months) where number of E. coli. /100 mL exceeded 20
Capilano Seymour Coquitlam
Jan 1.1 1.1 1.1
Feb 1.1 1.1 1.1
Mar 0.6 1.1 0
Apr 0 0 0
May 0 0 0
Jun 0 0 0
Jul 0 0 0
Aug 0 0 0
Sep 0 0 0
Oct 0.6 0 0
Nov 0.5 0 0
Dec 0.5 0 0 Figure 1 shows the results of the analysis of the source water from 2006 to 2010 at all three intakes compared to the limits for source water bacterial levels in the Turbidity Guideline. As in the previous years, all three sources easily met the limit of not more than 10% exceeding 20 E.coli/100 mL. As was also the case in previous years, samples collected at the intakes in the late summer and early fall had the highest E. coli levels.
6
These E. coli can be traced back to high levels at the main tributaries of the supply lakes and a first flush phenomenon after a period of dry weather.
Figure 1: Percent of samples exceeding 20 E. coli/100 mL at all three sources
0
5
10
15
20
Jan
Ap
r
Ju
l
Oct
Jan
Ap
r
Ju
l
Oc
t
Jan
Ap
r
Ju
l
Oc
t
Jan
Ap
r
Ju
l
Oc
t
Jan
Ap
r
Ju
l
Oc
t
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Perc
en
t o
f S
am
ple
s
Capilano
Seymour
Coquitlam
Guideline Limit 10%
Because of the protection of the watersheds from human sources of fecal waste, it is most likely that animals are the source of the E. coli detected in the watersheds.
4.2. SOURCE WATER MONITORING FOR GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
4.2.1. Source Water Monitoring for Giardia and Cryptosporidium
Unfiltered surface water supplies have the potential of containing the protozoan pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Outbreaks of Giardiasis occurred in a number of locations in B.C. and Washington State in the late 1980s, and the District has been monitoring raw water and animal droppings for Giardia since 1987. Since 1992, Metro Vancouver has participated in a project with the Enhanced Water Testing Laboratory, University of British Columbia, to gather more information about the number and nature of the cysts found in the Greater Vancouver water supplies. The project involves collecting weekly samples from all three GVWD supplies upstream of disinfection. The results of the 2010 testing program are contained in the “Report to the Greater Vancouver Regional District - Giardia and Cryptosporidium Study January - December, 2000” which was prepared by the Enhanced Water Laboratory and can be found in Appendix 3. The numbers of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts and oocysts detected in 2010 compared to results for previous years again fluctuated with no discernible pattern. In summary, 36 of 49 (73%) samples collected at Capilano were positive for Giardia, 15 of 32 (47%) at Seymour and 26 of 49 (53%) at Coquitlam. The level of positive samples is compared to levels in previous years. (Table 2)
7
Table 2: Percentage of Water Samples Positive for Giardia 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Capilano 37 7 22 28 20 52 64 52 49 73
Seymour 42 31 20 8 8 26 29 14 24 47*
Coquitlam 35 20 2 24 9 19 27 54 27 53
6 of 49 (12%) samples collected at Capilano were positive for Cryptosporidium, 0 of 32 (0%) were positive at Seymour and 1 of 49 (2%) were positive at Coquitlam. Table 3 shows a comparison of Cryptosporidium levels in all 3 water supplies from 2001 through 2010.
Table 3: Percentage of Water Samples Positive for Cryptosporidium 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Capilano 32 0 10 20 2 20 19 18 10 12
Seymour 33 14 24 14 2 3 0 2 0 0*
Coquitlam 52 14 12 60 7 0 2 0 2 2
Year to year fluctuations are best demonstrated for Giardia by Capilano (7% positive in 2002 and 64% positive in 2007) and for Cryptosporidium by Coquitlam (60% positive in 2004 and 0% positive in 2006). There has always been considerable variation in the results from year to year. * The number of samples of source water for the Seymour source was lower in 2010. Water treatment at the Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant meets GCDWQ. In 2010 there were extra samples collected to verify effectiveness of plant processes.
4.3. TURBIDITY
MV water sources have historically been susceptible to turbidity upsets due to high runoff from storms which can cause slides and stream scouring in the watersheds or from re-suspension of sediment from the edges of the lakes during periods of low water levels. Health Canada published a new turbidity guideline in 2003 which recommends filtration for all surface water supplies. This guideline has a provision for exemption from this requirement for filtration if a source meets certain criteria including a turbidity provision. This new guideline allows a utility to avoid filtration if the turbidity does not exceed the requirements (see next paragraph) and that a number of other provisions including source water protection and water treatment requirements are in place. Historically the turbidity levels on both the Capilano and Seymour sources would not meet these criteria therefore plans were developed to filter both supplies. Filtration of100% of the Seymour supply began on January 15, 2010 and filtration of the Capilano supply is scheduled for 2013.
Section 3.3 of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Supporting Documentation titled “Turbidity, Criteria for Exclusion of Filtration in Waterworks Systems” contains the following requirement for the turbidity: “Average daily source water turbidity levels measured at equal intervals (at least every 4 hours), immediately prior to where the disinfectant is applied, are around 1.0 NTU but do not exceed 5.0 NTU for more than 2 days in a 12-month period.” In the GVWD, the turbidity of source water is monitored upstream of disinfection using an in-line turbidimeter. The data is captured
8
as 5 minute averages and is stored in the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. This 5-minute average data points (288/day) have been averaged to produce a daily average turbidity which is shown in Figure 2.
Until Capilano supply is filtered, MV turbidity response protocol focuses on minimizing the amount of water with turbidity greater than 1 NTU entering the system. Following this protocol, the Capilano source was taken out of service in the winter of 2009 - 2010 and returned to service in the spring of 2010 and again for 8 days in June of 2010. As the turbidity at Capilano was approaching 1 NTU on September 22nd
, the source was taken out of service and remained out of service for the remainder of the 2010. As a result of these actions, no Capilano source water was delivered that had a turbidity that exceeded 1 NTU at anytime during 2010.
Figure 2: Average Daily Turbidity from In-Line Readings of Source Water
0
1
2
3
4
5
1-
Jan
1-
Feb
1-
Mar
1-
Apr
1-
May
1-
Jun
1-
Jul
1-
Aug
1-
Sep
1-
Oct
1-
Nov
1-
Dec
Tu
rbid
ity (
NT
U) Capilano
Coquitlam
Seymour
Capilano out of Service:
Jan 1 – April 26
June 4 - 11
Sept 22 – Dec 31
Table 4: Delivered Water Turbidity Summaries 2010
Source Percent of Days with Average
Daily Turbidity >1 NTU Number of Days with Average Daily
Turbidity >5 NTU
Capilano * 0 0
Seymour** 4*** 0
Coquitlam** 0.3 0 *Capilano was in service for 140 days in 2010. **Seymour and Coquitlam were in service for all of 2010 ***Seymour was a blend of filtered and unfiltered water for 15 days. After January 15 all water from the Seymour source was filtered at SCFP and did not exceed 1 NTU.
4.4. CHEMISTRY
4.4.1. Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Source Water
9
The chemical and physical characteristics of the Metro Vancouver source water are summarized in Appendix 1 of this report; detailed analytical results are provided in Volume II. The results from the chemical and physical analyses of the source water in 2010 were similar to those for other years. Other than that for turbidity, the only GCDWQ limit that was exceeded was the aesthetic limit for total iron at Seymour.
4.4.2. Herbicides, Pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radioactivity, and Uranium
Analyses of the source water for a variety of organic compounds including all the compounds with Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MACs) in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality is usually carried out on annual basis in accordance with the WQMRP. The results are contained in Appendix 2 of this report and in Volume II of the QC Annual Report. The only constituents present in levels above the detection limits were gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity. These levels are indicative of erosion of natural deposits and are well below the applicable Canadian Guideline health based limits, meaning the contribution to total radiation exposure from drinking water in this area is small, and typical of most areas.
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5. QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT OF WATER TREATMENT
Water Treatment is the second barrier (after source protection) used to assure the quality of the water supply.
5.1. PRIMARY DISINFECTION OF CAPILANO AND COQUITLAM SOURCES
Primary disinfection is the treatment of the source water to destroy disease-causing or pathogenic microorganisms. Metro Vancouver uses the strong oxidizing agents, chlorine or ozone, for primary disinfection of the Capilano and Coquitlam sources. The amount of these chemicals that is required for disinfection is based on a number of factors, including the temperature and pH of the water. Disinfection also requires contact time of the oxidant with water to adequately disinfect water.
Table 7 provides an assessment of the disinfection process at each water source.
Table 5: Performance of Primary Disinfection Facilities
Facility Performance Discussion
Capilano Chlorination
Free chlorine residual was ≥ 1.0 mg/L 99.9% of the time and never below 0.9 mg/L while in service.
Capilano facility was out of service for 225 days due to elevated turbidities in 2010. Average Cl2
residual during operation =1.17 mg/L.
Coquitlam Ozonation Goal is Log10
≥ 3 Giardia inactivation (99.9% Giardia removal).
Measured Log10
< 3 Giardia inactivation during operation was 7.8 hours = 0.09% of time in 2010
Loss of ozonation (total 4.4hrs): Power failure 1.8 hrs Instrument failure 1.8 hrs Operational error 0.8 hrs
Facility operated well in 2010 Very few power interruptions and loss of ozonation. Total of 5 ozone outages in 2010 Log 10
Giardia <3 inactivation for 7.8 hrs compared to 88hrs in 2009.
Coquitlam Chlorination
During ozone outages this facility uses chlorine gas for primary disinfection. When used as primary disinfection chlorine residual was ≥1.0 mg/L 100 % of time.
When Coquitlam Chlorination was used as primary disinfection facility, Cl2
residual was increased by 0.2 mg/L to compensate for no Ozonation.
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5.2 SEYMOUR CAPILANO FILTRATION PLANT
Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant is a chemically assisted direct filtration plant which uses alum as a coagulant with polymers to improve particle removal. These substances help aggregate particles to form a visible floc. The flocculated particles are removed by passing this water through a filter medium of anthracite and sand. The result is the production of filtered water which is exposed to UV light as the water leaves the filter. Post UV Filtered water has chlorine and lime added before water enters the Clearwell. The West and East Clearwells are large water storage reservoirs that store and allow controlled passage of water with some mixing or blending of its lime and chlorine additions. Clearwells allow sufficient retention or contact time with chlorine to provide any further disinfection required after filtration and UV. Carbon dioxide in solution may be added to trim pH. After such stabilization of the filtered water in the Clearwells, the finished water is ready to enter the transmission system at the Seymour Treated Water Valve Chamber. Although filtered water was first delivered to the public on December 19. 2009, full filtration of Seymour source water was not completed until January 15th, 2010. Since that time all the water from the Seymour source has been filtered. The Filtration Plant underwent its commissioning using Seymour source water in 2010 and further commissioning will be required as the plant prepares to receive Capilano source water. Milestone events include full filtration of Seymour source water and the use of corrosion control products at the filtration plant in January; the commissioning of lime and carbon dioxide in late April. Chlorination of the water supplied from the SCFP occurs as the filtered water enters the Clearwell. As a safeguard, chlorination of the water feeding the plant continued at Seymour Dam until July 22nd
to ensure minimal disinfection in case of a plant malfunction. In addition to chlorination, water from each filter is disinfected by UV.
As a result of treatment now in place on the Seymour water source there have been a number of changes in the characteristics of the delivered water. Some of these changes are visible; some not. The most obvious visible change in the water is the decrease in colour and increase in the clarity. There is a total loss of the brown hue that was characteristic of Seymour water as the natural components that caused this brown water were removed. Suspended particles in water that cause light to scatter (turbidity) were also removed. The end product was water that was very clear and colourless. There was one unexpected result from this very clear and colourless water. Many observers noticed an apparent bluish hue from the water especially when large volumes of water were used to fill white sinks and bath tubs. This natural phenomenon is caused by the fact that shorter wavelength visible light (violet/blue light) is more penetrative than longer wavelength light (red/orange light). Violet-blue light is therefore least absorbed in very clear water. As violet-blue light can travel further and is less scattered or absorbed by low turbidity water the end result is that the water appears to be blue. This is especially noticeable when light doubles its length of passage after light is reflected from a white-coloured bath to return to the eye of the observer. The further the distance that light travels in turbid-free water, the bluer the water apparently appears. Very pure water from other sources exhibits the same blue light phenomenon such as pure distilled water and water that has undergone reverse osmosis and de-ionization.
12
Figure 3: “Blue” Water from SCFP
Figure 3 is a coloured photograph of a white bucket of water filled with filtered Seymour water. It is an attempt to show this “blue water” phenomenon.
13
Figure 4: Apparent Colour Levels Before and After Filtration
0
5
10
15
20
25
4-J
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4-N
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4-D
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Ap
pa
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t C
olo
ur
(AC
U) Source Water
Filtered Water
Figure 4.is a graph of the apparent colour of Seymour filtered water and Seymour source water for 2010. In the Fall of 2010 the apparent colour of the Seymour source water that was feeding the filtration plant looked brown and exceeded 20 ACU while the filtered water that was delivered to the public was <1 ACU with the removal of its natural brown colours. The filtered water from Seymour was colourless and clean throughout 2010.
Figure 5: Average Turbidity Levels Before and After Filtration
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Av
era
ge
Da
ily
Tu
rbid
ity
NT
U
Source Water
Filtered Water
Start up of SCFP completed: all
Seymour Water Filtered
Figure 5 is a graph that clearly shows the advantages of filtration as it compares turbidity of Seymour source water that feeds the filtration Plant to the finished Seymour filtered water for 2010. It is a measure of daily average turbidity and shows that without filtration the Seymour source would have delivered water with an average daily turbidity greater than 1 NTU for approximately two months of the year. The daily average turbidity of filtered water was below 0.1 NTU except for one day in December when the average daily turbidity was 0.101 due to an issue with coagulant dosage.
14
Figure 6: Total Iron Levels Before and After Filtration
0
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To
tal Ir
on
(m
g/L
)
Source Water
Filtered Water
The significant amounts of iron rich material in Seymour source water is shown in Figure 6.This iron-rich material can be the result of high run-off rates following prolonged wet weather however; during dry weather when warm lake water becomes stratified during high summer conditions, naturally occurring lake processes release iron that also exacerbates this problem. Levels of total iron have exceeded the aesthetic guidelines (0.3 mg/L) in past years before the arrival of filtration. Without filtration the only control measure that Metro Vancouver staff could deploy was the slow release of cold, clean water from its Alpine lakes that fed in to Seymour Dam. Filtration removes this naturally occurring iron that often contributes to the noticeable brown colour of Seymour water along with naturally occurring brown-pigmented materials.
Figure 7: TOC Levels Before and After Filtration
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TO
C (
mg
/L)
Source Water
Filtered Water
15
Figure 7 is a comparison of the total organic carbon in the source water to the levels in the finished water. This decrease in the amount of organic material in the water has a number of effects.
• Firstly organics can impart a colour to the water so reduction of the amount of organics results in less colour.
• Secondly removal of the organic material enhances UV disinfection. It allows the UV light to penetrative further and more effectively which reduces the amount of UV required to achieve desired disinfection levels. This is very cost effective in both infrastructure and ongoing energy costs.
• The third benefit is the effect it has on chlorine decay and disinfection by-products
formation. Filtering water at SCFP produces a considerable reduction in organic material but it would appear that TOC removal is better at certain times of the year than at other times. This performance inconsistency shall remain unexplained for now because 2010 was not a uniform year in terms of operation at the Filtration Plant especially as chlorination at Seymour Falls Dam continued until the end of July, 2010. Chlorine is an oxidant that readily reacts with organic material. Once chlorination was halted at Seymour Falls Chlorination Building at the end of July this event was followed by late summer and autumn rains which delivered much more organic matter to Seymour water. In spite of seasonal rains adding to Seymour’s total organic carbon, the percentage removal of this extra TOC by filtration seemed to improve. Removal of turbidity in the source water will improve the appearance of the water but it also has the benefit of removing certain types of pathogenic microorganisms that may be present in source water. As a minimum, properly run direct filtration plants such as SCFP will remove up to 2.5 logs of cryptosporidium and Giardia plus 1 log of viruses. To ensure this removal it is critical that the performance of each filter, determined by the turbidity of the effluent, is monitored on a continuous basis. The GCDWQ state “Where possible, filtration systems should be designed and operate to reduce turbidity levels as low as possible with a treated water turbidity target of less than 0.1 NTU at all times. If <0.1 NTU is not achievable, the treated water turbidity levels from individual filters (Individual Filter Effluent IFE):
• For chemically-assisted filtration, shall be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in least 95% of the measurements made, or a least 95% of the time for each calendar month, and shall not exceed 1.0 NTU at any time.” The turbidity performance of all twenty-four individual filters was measured by examining the percent of time that the turbidity of an individual filter effluent (IFE) was less than the set turbidity goals for each individual filter at SCFP (see Table 6). This performance can be enhanced by looking at the turbidity of the combined filtered effluent (CFE) of the East and West Trains that deliver water to the Clearwells and determining percent of time that turbidity was less than 0.15 NTU. Turbidity data presented in Table 6 measures the percentage of time that turbidity was less than stated guidelines as measured monthly for 2010.
16
Table 6: Monthly Filter Effluent Turbidity Summary
Month Percent of Time IFE Turbidity Less
than 0.3 NTU
Incident of IFE Turbidity Greater
than 1 NTU
Percent of Time CFE Turbidity Less
than 0.15 NTU
Jan. commissioning commissioning commissioning
Feb. 99.999 1* 99.98
Mar 99.994 1** 100.00
Apr. 99.911 0 99.93
May 99.998 0 100.00
Jun. 100.00 0 100.00
Jul. 100.00 0 100.00
Aug. 99.999 1*** 100.00
Sep. 99.188 0 99.58
Oct. 99.989 0 100.00
Nov. 100.00 0 100.00
Dec. 99.995 0 99.78
*One filter for 10 seconds: procedure change to minimize future occurrences ** One filter for 75 seconds; procedure change to minimize future occurrences *** One filter for 10 seconds. Unusual event as filter being taken out of service. Sample line flushing program enhanced in an attempt to minimize possible nuisance turbidity readings. The turbidity of the IFE easily met the Guideline of less than 0.3 NTU. There were three times when the 1 NTU guideline was exceeded, two of these resulted in procedural changes to prevent reoccurrence, the third was thought to be related to an issue with the sample line. (UV disinfection was operating during these events.) For its first year of operation the turbidity results at SCFP are remarkably good. The effluent from each filter is treated with UV as the water exits the filter. One of the benefits of UV treatment of filtered water is that it is effective in altering the DNA structure of Cryptosporidium and Giardia thus rendering oocysts and cysts of these parasites non-infectious. Other disinfectants especially chlorine are particularly ineffective against Cryptosporidia oocysts. In the event of a break through of Cryptosporidia oocysts especially at the end of a filter run, UV light is present to render such potential parasites non-infectious. Oocysts are not able to proliferate inside the intestines of human hosts to cause illness after a sufficient dose of UV light. It should be noted that many viable oocysts are required to infect a healthy human host. The target dose for UV to achieve 2 Log (99%) of Cryptosporidium, 2 Log (99%) of Giardia and 1 Log (90%) of virus inactivation is 21mJ/cm2. Table 7 summarizes the performance of the UV system in 2010.
17
Table 7: Percent of Time UV Dosage Met Requirements
Percent of Time UV ≥21 mJ/cm2
Jan.
Feb. 99.7
Mar 99.6
Apr. 99.6
May 99.6
Jun. 99.5
Jul. 99.5
Aug. 99.4
Sep. 99.4
Oct. 99.6
Nov. 99.7
Dec. 99.7
Overall the performance of the UV system during this year of commissioning was adequate. There were a number of issues that were identified and corrections put into place where possible in 2010. A significant correction was made in March of 2011 which is hoped will eliminate most of the outages. A significant benefit of the filtered water at Seymour is the reduction of the high chlorine demand that Seymour source water possessed in previous years. Chlorine is used as a disinfectant however chlorine is a more effective germicidal oxidant when there is removal of naturally occurring materials with which chlorine reacts. Often free chlorine is “spent” reacting with harmless natural compounds present in water before the water reaches the final consumer. These reactions waste chlorine, can cause taste and odour issues and can lead to the production of undesirable disinfection by-products. The result is that more chlorine is required to achieve the disinfection of an array of micro-organisms when water is not filtered. This reduced chlorine demand that comes with filtration was not a surprise however previous experiments and trial studies could never simulate the extent of the chlorine-retention properties of Seymour filtered water as it travelled throughout our transmission and distribution systems of our Metro Vancouver region. Secondary chlorination stations that began operating in 1998 to boost chlorine residuals throughout the region now operate less with filtered water as free chlorine residuals decay slower and chlorine residual boosting at secondary chlorination stations is often not required. Lesser amounts of chlorine are now being used to achieve the same target chorine residuals. This is in keeping with the GVWD Board Resolution in 1994 which recommended”… that the region continues to work toward a water treatment system that enhances health and environmental well-being by minimizing chemical residues including the use of biological filtration or other future technologies.”
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Figure 8: Comparison of Chlorine Demand at 6°C Filtered and Unfiltered Water
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 48 96 144 192 240 288
Hours
Fre
e C
hlo
rin
e (
mg
/L) Filtered
Unfiltered
The effect on this decrease in chlorine demand is evident from the chlorine residuals measured in the extremities of the Seymour distribution system.
Figure 9: Chlorine Treatment Levels (mg/L) Before and After Filtration of Seymour
Source
2009 2010
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Table 8 : Chlorine Residual in Seymour Transmission System
Location 2009 Chlorine mg/L
2010 Chlorine mg/L
Seymour Falls 2.5 0.0
Rice Lake/SCFP 1.6 1.1
Central Park In 1.0 1.0
Central Park Out 1.4 1.0
Pebble Hill Reservoir 0-0.2 0.5-0.6
With the removal of large portions of organic material from water as it is filtered, lesser amounts of free chlorine is used to achieve the required target free chlorine residual in filtered drinking water. Another benefit that comes from filtered water within the distribution system is the reduction in disinfection by-products such as tri-haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. For a full review of disinfection by-products for 2010 see section 6.3. The process of cleaning individual filters is called Back Washing which consists of running air and water in a reversed direct through the filter to unclog the extraneous waste matter that has been collected within the filter bed medium. The material which has been removed by the filters is concentrated in the waste water from this process. A feature of the Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant is to treat this back wash water so that most of the water can be recycled back through the head of the plant. Because the material removed from the filters can concentrate pathogens it is necessary to carefully treat and monitor the end product of this treatment before the water is allowed to be recycled to the head of the plant. The turbidity of this Recycled Clarified Water (RCW) is monitored constantly and is very low. To determine if samples contain Cryptosporium or Giardia, recycled clarified water was passed through a 1 μm diameter filter to capture cysts and oocysts. These filters are sent to the Enhanced Water Laboratory at BCCDC for parasite analysis. Table 9 is a summary of results for the number of cysts and oocysts recovered in RCW samples. There were no Cryptosporidium oocysts recovered from filters in 2010. There were two occasions when presumptive Giardia cysts were detected at very low concentrations. Results so far would suggest that the engineering design and further treatment of back wash water that produces recycled clarified water is effective. It should be noted that sampling for parasites was not undertaken during the difficult commissioning phase of the Residuals Handling Area. It was also frustrating that there were many unsuccessful attempts until adaptations to a sampling pump were completed that allowed for sufficient pressure for passage of suitable volumes of recycled clarified water through the 1 μm diameter Filtamax filter. This program to monitor RCW is on-going for 2011. For more information please see Appendix 3.
20
Table 9: Parasitological Analysis of Recycled Clarified Water at SCFP for 2010
Sampling Date
Detection Limit (per
100L)
No. of Cysts per
100L
No. of Oocysts per 100L
Volume of Water
Filtered (L)
20-Sep-10 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
28-Sep-10 3.3 0.0 0.0 30.0
05-Oct-10 3.0 0.0 0.0 33.0
12-Oct-10 2.1 0.0 0.0 47.8
20-Oct-10 3.7 0.0 0.0 27.3
26-Oct-10 2.3 0.0 0.0 43.8
02-Nov-10 0.1 0.0 0.0 812.7
09-Nov-10 0.3 0.3 0.0 384.5
16-Nov-10 1.1 0.0 0.0 92.1
23-Nov-10 0.7 0.0 0.0 147.5
30-Nov-10 0.7 0.0 0.0 135.9
14-Dec-10 3.5 0.0 0.0 28.5
14-Dec-10 2.5 2.5 0.0 39.9
20-Dec-10 0.6 0.0 0.0 159.0
20-Dec-10 0.7 0.0 0.0 142.3
Staff has grown more confident of the ability of Filtration Plant to produce very clean safe drinking water. More advanced water quality data with the application of new and improved tools to monitor the performance of the plant has led to operational improvements to water quality in 2010 which will continue into 2011. This only became possible with a better understanding of the capabilities of the Filtration Plant during its commissioning phase. Chlorine residuals at SCFP were dropped at the end of 2010 as it was clearly demonstrated that satisfactory chlorine residuals now extended to the periphery of the distribution system of our member municipalities. Secondary chlorination facilities that had a profound influence on water quality when they commenced operations in 1998 now have a lesser role to boost free chlorine in 2010 with the arrival of filtered water. There is also better opportunities in 2011 to improve TOC reduction with filtration especially with the arrival of increased source water TOC in the fall.
5.3 SECONDARY DISINFECTION
There are eight rechlorination stations operated by Metro Vancouver. The purpose of these stations is to increase the chlorine residual in the water flowing through the stations to meet a target residual based on a number of factors including source water turbidity, the amount of bacterial regrowth detected in the municipal distribution system samples and the chlorine demand in the water. Under usual water conditions the target average residual is 1 mg/L leaving the facility. For the most part these stations operate well but there is one outstanding issue. The facilities will only add chlorine when the water flow is over a preset rate due to equipment limitations. At most of the Metro Vancouver stations the flows are high enough to trigger rechlorination but there are a few where there is a substantial period of time when flows are too low for the rechlorination to operate.
21
With the arrival of filtered water in 2010 the rate of chlorine decay in the areas receiving filtered water has been reduced to such a degree that secondary chlorine facilities receiving this water rarely have an incoming chlorine residual low enough to require boosting. The amount of sodium hypochlorite being consumed at secondary chlorine facilities has been considerably reduced. Consequently a great many secondary chlorination stations are running in stand-by mode when supplied with this new Seymour water and then boost as required when supplied with unfiltered Capilano water. Side stream injection of chlorine will improve the ability to chlorinate at low flows. This has been completed at the Clayton Station in 2008 and will be completed at both the Pitt River and Cape Horn facilities in 2011.
Table 10: Performance of Secondary Disinfection Facilities
Facility Performance Percent of time that free chlorine residual in water leaving facility was ≥ 0.8 mg/L (not less than 80% of target) when chlorination equipment operating.
Discussion
Clayton
Whalley/Clayton =100% Jericho/Clayton =96.6%
Facility operated well in 2010. Source water is Coquitlam.
Chilco and Alberni
99.9% Supplied by Seymour source water during Capilano shutdown.
Pitt River Secondary
Haney Main #2 =96.1% Haney Main #3 = 98.9%
Haney main #2 station was out of service Dec 12/09 - Jan 8/10 due to watermain leak and repairs.
Newton Newton 24” Main = 97.4% (when in service) Newton 30” = 100%
Newton-24" New main installation by City of Surrey bypassed this site. Taken out of service in May, 2010. Newton 30" Main ran approximately only 2-3 hrs twice/week.
Kersland 97.3% Residual set point at this facility was set at 0.8 mg/L until March, due to the high residual values downstream, at 1.0 mg/L in April and May, and at 0.9 mg/L in June for the rest of the year. Maintenance and construction work on Kersland Reservoir required that this facility be taken out of service in October of 2010. There was no effect on the downstream chlorine residual because this site was supplied with filtered Seymour water during this time.
Central Park
South Burnaby Main #1 = 99.7% South Burnaby Main #2 = 99.4%
Facility operated well in 2010
Cape Horn Coquitlam Main #2 =
Coquitlam Main #3= 98.5% 99.6% Facility operated well in 2010
Boundary and Eaton
100% Supplied by Seymour source water during Capilano shutdown.
22
23
5.4 CORROSION CONTROL There are differences between the raw and treated water quality in the GVWD transmission system. These differences are mostly attributable to the chlorination of raw water with gaseous chlorine. When gaseous chlorine (in cylinders of pressurized liquid chlorine) is added to water, it quickly hydrolyzes to form hypochlorous acid, hydrogen and chloride ions. This reaction results in a drop in pH and alkalinity with subsequent increase in chloride level of water. These changes increase the corrosiveness of already corrosive water (due to natural low pH, low alkalinity and high dissolved oxygen). If sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is used as the source of chlorine for disinfection, there is no drop in pH because sodium hypochlorite is alkaline (there is actually a slight increase in pH). As shown in the water quality studies related to the Drinking Water Treatment Program, it is not uncommon to see elevated levels of copper at the tap, and to a lesser extent lead, both of which leach from household plumbing. The leaching problem is exacerbated in hot water systems, especially recirculating hot water systems in large buildings where green staining and early piping failures appear to be more significant.
Before Stage I of the Drinking Water Treatment Program, the water from all three sources was disinfected with gaseous chlorine and there were no corrosion control facilities; the delivered water from all three sources had a pH lower than the aesthetic limit of the GCDWQ of pH 6.5. As part of the upgrade of the water treatment of the Seymour source water, a corrosion control facility using soda ash (sodium carbonate) was put into service at Rice Lake in 1998. A similar facility was added at Coquitlam in 2000 simultaneously with the ozonation facility. Rice Lake corrosion control is no longer in operation as it was shut down in 2010. Since early 2010 corrosion control became a function of the new Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant. Filtered water receives a lime / water slurry to raise its pH and boost its alkalinity before it enters the Clearwells; it is finally adjusted with the addition of carbon dioxide gas (CO2). The pH of water from Seymour and Coquitlam is consistently above pH 6.5 and meets the aesthetic objective. In October of 2003, the source of chlorine for disinfection at Capilano was switched from gaseous chlorine to liquid sodium hypochlorite. Since the switch the treated water has a pH of greater than or equal to pH 6.5 most of the time. With the addition of the corrosion control facilities on the Seymour and Coquitlam supplies and the switch from gaseous chlorination to sodium hypochlorite at Capilano, there has been a decrease in corrosion related calls from the public.
Table 11: Performance of Corrosion Control Facilities
Facility Performance Discussion
Seymour - Rice Lake Corrosion Control Jan 1-15
The pH was <6.5 for 14 hours during the period when not all Seymour source was treated at SCFP
Rice Lake corrosion control remained in service until April 27, 2010 but final corrosion control occurred at SCFP after Jan. 15.
Seymour - SCFP Corrosion Control Jan 1-Dec 31
Excellent Corrosion control at SCFP commenced in January with sodium bicarbonate then sodium carbonate then on May 6 switched to lime and carbon dioxide.
Coquitlam -Corrosion Control
The pH was <6.5 for less than a day (18.2 hours) in 2010 compared to 1.4 days in 2009.
Improved overall performance in 2010.
The chemical and physical characteristics of the Metro Vancouver treated water are summarized in Appendix 1 of this report, detailed analytical results are provided in Volume II.
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6. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WATER QUALITY
Schedule A of the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation contains standards for the bacteriological quality of potable water in the province. There are three components of this standard that apply to large utilities such as Metro Vancouver and its members.
Part 1: no sample should be positive for E. coli Part 2: not more than 10% of the samples in a 30 day period should be positive for total
coliform bacteria when more than 1 sample is collected Part 3: no sample should contain more than 10 total coliform bacteria per 100 mL The BC Regulation does not contain any water standards other than the three limits for E. coli and total coliform bacteria. Information on the significance of the detection of these organisms can be found in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Supporting Documents. “E. coli is a member of the total coliform group of bacteria and is the only member that is found exclusively in the faeces of humans and other animals. Its presence in water indicates not only recent faecal contamination of the water but also the possible presence of intestinal disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.” “The presence of total coliform bacteria in water in the distribution system (but not in water leaving the treatment plant) indicates that the distribution system may be vulnerable to contamination or may simply be experiencing “bacterial regrowth.” To summarize, the detection of an E. coli bacteria in a sample of treated water is an indication of a potentially serious risk. The detection of total coliform bacteria may indicate intrusion into the system or it may indicate that these bacteria are growing in the distribution system itself (regrowth).
The number of E. coli detected in both the GVWD and the municipal drinking water samples is typically very low – only three samples out of over 29,000 samples collected from the GVWD and municipal systems analyzed in 2010 were positive for E. coli. The detection of an E. coli triggers a protocol which involves immediate notification of health and municipal officials, resampling and a thorough investigation into the possible causes. In these cases, the problems did not appear to originate from the distribution system which had chlorine residuals of 0.24, 0.83 and 0.18 at the point of sampling but appeared to be a sampling or lab contamination issue. More details follow in section 6.1.1. Only 31 of the over 19,000 samples collected from the municipal distribution systems tested positive for total coliforms in 2010. The majority of the coliforms in the municipal system appeared in the warm water months (42% in August and September) and at sites with a measurable free chlorine residual. The most likely source of these organisms can be attributed to regrowth. The one fact that should be emphasized is that 99.8% of the samples in 2010 had no coliforms present – a good indicator of effective water treatment and good distribution water quality.
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6.1 METRO VANCOUVER TRANSMISSION MAINS
6.1.1. BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY
Over 6700 GVWD water main samples were collected and tested for the presence of indicator bacteria. The compliance of monitoring results from GVWD transmission mains with the criteria in the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation is shown below in Figure 4. There were another 2600 samples collected from the chlorine evaluation stations and the 10-minute chlorine line at each source and these samples are not included in the calculations for compliance monitoring.
Figure 10: Bacteriological Quality of Water in Metro Vancouver Mains, 2010
Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Potable Water Samples
Compliance With BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation
0
5
10
15
20
1-Jan 31-Jan 2-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 31-May 30-Jun 30-Jul 29-Aug 28-Sep 28-Oct 27-Nov 27-Dec
Percent of samples positive for coliform bacteria in a 30 day period ending on date shown (10% allowed)
Number of samples positive for E. coli bacteria (none allowed)
Number of samples per month containing more than 10 coliform bacteria per 100 mL (none allowed)
METRO VANCOUVER MAINS - 2010
10% STANDARD
In 2010 the percentage of samples positive for total coliform bacteria from the Metro Vancouver mains was very low, well below the 10% standard. Of the more than 6700 samples processed, only 14 samples were positive for total coliforms and no sample was positive for E. coli bacteria.
6.1.2. Metro Vancouver Reservoirs
In 2010, over 2,900 samples were collected from the 21 reservoirs and tanks that are located throughout the Metro Vancouver water system and 99.8 % of the
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samples had no coliforms present. No sample from a reservoir was positive for E. coli and only 7 samples tested positive for total coliform bacteria. The compliance of monitoring results from GVWD reservoirs with the criteria in the BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation is shown below in Figure 5.
Figure 11: Bacteriological Quality of Water in Metro Vancouver Reservoirs, 2010
Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Potable Water Samples
Compliance With BC Drinking Water Protection Regulation
0
5
10
15
20
1-Jan 31-Jan 2-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 31-May 30-Jun 30-Jul 29-Aug 28-Sep 28-Oct 27-Nov 27-Dec
Percent of samples positive for coliform bacteria in a 30 day period ending on date shown (10% allowed)
Number of samples positive for E. coli bacteria (none allowed)
Number of samples per month containing more than 10 coliform bacteria per 100 mL (none allowed)
METRO VANCOUVER RESERVOIRS - 2010
10% STANDARD
Reservoir water quality is optimized by the use of secondary disinfection coupled with an active reservoir exercising program that includes weekly monitoring of the chlorine residuals and bacteriology results which can result in changes to filling levels if necessary. The table below provides an overview of the status of the Metro Vancouver reservoirs. During certain times of the year, it is not possible to cycle reservoirs as much as would be desired due to operational constraints. Despite these constraints, water quality as determined by coliform bacteria was satisfactory.
Table 12: Status of Metro Vancouver Reservoirs 2010
Reservoir (Capacity in Million
Gallons)
Average Free Chlorine (mg/L)
2007 ’08 ’09 ’10 Discussion Status 2010
Burnaby Mtn. Reservoir (3.0)
0.43 0.52 0.45 0.56 Sufficient circulation. Water quality is good.
Burnaby Tank (0.5)
0.55 0.65 0.60 0.80 Water is circulated frequently through this tank. Seymour water was primary feed.
Water quality is good.
Cape Horn 0.53 0.39 0.36 0.35 Fill levels are adjusted Attention to circulation levels
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Reservoir (Capacity in Million
Gallons)
Average Free Chlorine (mg/L)
2007 ’08 ’09 ’10 Discussion Status 2010
Reservoir (9.6)
throughout the year. has helped to keep this reservoir with water quality that is acceptable.
Clayton Tank (1.6)
0.84 0.81 0.74 0.66 Fill levels are adjusted as needed to try to help maintain chlorine residuals. This tank has a good consistent turnover.
Water quality is good.
Central Park (8.1)
0.74 0.67 0.52 0.64 This reservoir can be filled with both Seymour and Coquitlam water.
Water main construction in area around reservoir left this reservoir supplying a small area in Oct & Nov 2010. Despite this water quality remained good.
Glenmore Tanks (0.5)
0.73 0.83 0.67 0.76 There is good daily turnover. These tanks were cleaned in 2010. Water quality is good.
Grandview Reservoir (3.0)
0.71 0.66 0.67 0.74 Chlorine residuals were monitored and filling levels were adjusted when needed.
This reservoir was cleaned in 2010. Water quality is good.
Greenwood Reservoir (2)
0.71 0.71 0.71 0.94 This reservoir has always been supplied with Seymour source water. Filtration has helped increase the residuals of this reservoir.
Water quality is good.
Hellings Tank (1) 0.46 0.37 0.47 0.55 Fill levels are adjusted as needed to try to help improve/maintain chlorine residuals.
Water quality is good.
Kennedy Reservoir (3.8)
0.44 0.37 0.35 0.48 Fill levels are adjusted as needed to try to help improve/maintain chlorine residuals.
This reservoir was cleaned in April 2010. Water quality is good.
Kersland Reservoirs (17)
0.96 0.77 0.60 0.74 Water can be re-chlorinated upon leaving this reservoir if the residual is lower than desired.
Cell #1 had a new inlet valve installed. Cell #2 was cleaned in the fall. Water quality is good.
Little Mountain Reservoirs (40.7)
0.88 0.80 0.73 0.84 Turnover of this reservoir continues to be good. The chlorine residuals were monitored and filling levels were adjusted when needed to maintain a good residual.
Cell #2 was taken out of service in November for cleaning and maintenance work. Cell #1 remained in service entire year. Water quality is good.
Maple Ridge Reservoir (4.8)
0.63 0.57 0.53 0.47 Fill levels were adjusted as needed to try to help improve/maintain chlorine residuals.
Water quality is good.
Newton Reservoirs (7.2)
0.45 0.36 0.50 0.56 Water can be re-chlorinated downstream of this reservoir if the residual is lower than desired.
Seismic upgrading was done on cell #2; it was out of service Sept 25 – Jan 2011. Water quality is good.
Pebble Hill Reservoirs
0.34 0.33 0.20 0.64 This reservoir has three separate cells of large
This reservoir is filled with either Coquitlam or filtered
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Reservoir (Capacity in Million
Gallons)
Average Free Chlorine (mg/L)
2007 ’08 ’09 ’10 Discussion Status 2010
(9.9) capacity (Cells 1 & 2 have the combined volume of cell 3.) The consumption in the area is not sufficient for adequate turnover of all 3 cells to maintain acceptable chlorine residuals in the water.
Seymour water. The majority of the time it was filled from the Seymour source resulting in far higher residuals than normal. Cell 3 was cleaned but remained out of service in 2010. Water quality is good.
Prospect Reservoir (1.2)
0.66 0.81 0.71 0.86 There is good daily turnover. When Capilano source is in service the incoming water has a high chlorine residual the same is now true for when it is filled with filtered Seymour water.
The water quality is good.
Sasamat Reservoir (6)
0.71 0.65 0.55 0.63 Turning this reservoir over daily has helped maintain chlorine residuals.
Reservoir was filled with filtered Seymour water for 2/3 of the year. Water quality is good.
Sunnyside Reservoirs (5.3)
0.59 0.61 0.56 0.55 There are two separate units here. Non peak season can be a challenge to get a good turnover of water. These reservoirs are supplied from both Newton and Grandview.
Water quality is good.
Vancouver Heights Reservoir (10)
0.95 1.0 0.92 0.91 There is a good daily turnover of this reservoir with water that is either Capilano source that is re-chlorinated just prior to filling or Seymour source which did not require additional chlorination.
This reservoir was cleaned in March 2010. Water quality is good.
Westburnco Reservoir (17)
0.44 0.71 0.56 0.71 Depending on System Operations this reservoir can be filled with both Coquitlam and Seymour source waters.
In 2010, when possible, this reservoir was filled with Seymour source water. Water quality is good.
Whalley Reservoir (7.8)
0.70 0.54 0.55 0.47 Turnover of this reservoir is done using the Surrey pump station.
This reservoir was cleaned in Nov 2010 and structural work was also done at that time. Water quality is good.
6.2 MICROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY IN MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS
The number of samples in the municipal distribution systems positive for total coliform bacteria was lower than for the previous year but there is always some variation from year to year. The percent of samples per month positive for total coliform bacteria for the past five years is shown in Figure 6.
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30
Figure 12: Percent of Samples per Month Positive for Total Coliform Bacteria 2006 to 2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Per
cen
t o
f S
amp
les
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
The percentage of samples positive for total coliform bacteria in 2010 was comparable to the percentage for 2009. The most significant change in 2010 was the introduction of filtered water from SCFP which often supplied 70% of the water needs within the Metro Vancouver when Capilano was out-of-service. The goal of the Secondary Disinfection Initiative is to improve the quality of the delivered water so that the water delivered by the member municipalities meets the bacteriological requirements of the British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Regulation: Part 1: no sample should be positive for E. coli Part 2: not more than 10% of the samples in a 30 day period should be positive for
total coliform bacteria when more than 1 sample is collected Part 3: no sample should contain more than 10 total coliform bacteria per 100 mL
For the most part this requirement was met in 2010 with the following exceptions: Part 1:
One sample In January had 1 E. coli detected, chlorine residual of 0.24 One sample in June had 1 E. coli detected, chlorine residual of 0.83 One sample in October had 1 E. coli detected, chlorine residual of 0.18
All subsequent re-samples for the positive E. coli samples were negative. Upstream and downstream samples collected as part of the extra monitoring triggered by the detection of an E. coli were also negative.
Part 3: One sample in September contained more than 10 total coliform bacteria.
Table 10 shows the compliance of the samples collected in the member municipalities’ distribution systems with the three bacteriological standards in the BC DWPR.
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Table 13: Municipal Water Quality Compared to the Bacteriological Standards of the BC DWPR for 2010
Date Number that met Part 1*
Number that met Part 2**
Number that met Part 3***
Number meeting all DWPR
Jan 18 19 19 18
Feb 19 19 19 19
Mar 19 19 19 19
Apr 19 19 19 19
May 19 19 19 19
Jun 18 19 19 18
Jul 19 19 19 19
Aug 19 19 19 19
Sep 19 19 18 18
Oct 18 19 19 18
Nov 19 19 19 19
Dec 19 19 19 19
6.3 DISINFECTION BY PRODUCTS IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Section 5 discussed the changes in the characteristics of water before and after water treatment, such as the change in pH associated with chlorination and corrosion control. There are other changes that can occur as the water moves through, first, the Metro Vancouver and later the municipal infrastructure of pipes and reservoirs. One of the most significant changes is the production of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs). DBP is a term used to describe a group of organic and inorganic compounds formed during water disinfection.
Although the increase in chlorination levels will improve the bacteriological quality of water, this will also result in the production of higher levels of DBPs. Reactions between dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) and chlorine lead to the formation of a variety of halogenated DBPs. There are two major groups of chlorinated DBPs: the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and the total haloacetic acids (THAA5
s). Factors that affect DBP formation are: amount of chlorine added to water, reaction time, concentration and characteristics of dissolved organic materials (precursors), water temperature, and water pH. In general, DBPs continue to form as long as chlorine and reactive DBP precursors are present in the water.
The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) in the Canadian Guidelines for TTHMs is a location yearly running average of 100 µg/L (0.1 mg/L) based on quarterly samples. As in previous years, all TTHM results were below the MAC of 100 µg/L.
Table 14: Average TTHM Levels (µg/L) at Metro Vancouver and Municipal Sites,
2006-2010. Calculated from Quarterly Analysis Results (MAC 100 µg/L)
Sources 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Stanley Park (T.S.) 24 31 27 27 26
Vancouver (COV #55 D.S.) 39 40 52 38 32
Richmond #258 (D.S.) 39 49 45 51 41
Richmond #251 (D.S.) 30 45 52 54 42
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Sources 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Richmond #259 (D.S.) 30 47 50 49 38
Haney-Moody (T.S.) 8 6 13 12 14
Coquitlam #601 (D.S.) 21 26 36 21 40
Coquitlam #604 (D.S.) 14 18 25 30 34
Maple Ridge #438 (D.S.) 28 25 33 29 36
Maple Ridge #434 (D.S.) 22 25 28 27 34
City of Langley #451 (D.S.) 32 32 38 25 44
SCFP-Outlet (T.S.)* 25 25 25 25 26*
Vancouver (COV #24 D.S.) 43 47 46 48 42
64th Ave. & 126th St. (T.S.) 35 33 44 32 32
Delta #323 (D.S.) 30 40 54 39 48
S. Surrey #930 (D.S.) 31 37 38 39 44
S. Surrey #931 (D.S.) 25 34 39 33 45
S. Surrey #940 (D.S.) 27 32 36 32 44
Newton #922 (D.S.) 19 23 33 30 31
Newton #926 (D.S.) 31 43 63 46 82
Newton #928 (D.S.) 44 52 59 46 78 * (SCFP-Outlet [T.S.] refers to site from Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant [SCFP] to Transmission System in 2010. Site was formerly known as Rice Lake – GV-008 [T.S.])
The other group of disinfection by-products of interest is the Haloacetic Acid (THAA5) group. In 2008 a MAC of 80 µg/L (0.08 mg/L) calculated as a locational yearly running average based on quarterly samples was approved in Canada. Comparison of THAA5 levels for 2006 to 2010 is shown in Table 13. The levels of THAA5s are usually higher than the levels of THMs. Unlike THMs, THAA5s cannot be consistently related to water age because THAA5
are known to biodegrade over time when the disinfectant residual is low.
During the late December 2009 to July 2010 period, elevated HHA levels were observed at individual sample sites in Metro Vancouver and some municipalities. The elevated results during this period caused the locational running average for those sites to exceed the MAC of 80 ug/L recommended in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). The elevated HAA levels were tied to the commissioning process for SCFP. This required that chlorination at Seymour Falls Dam (in addition to chlorination at the SCFP) be continued until the necessary changes could be made to completely eliminate the potential for unfiltered water to bypass the filter plant and enter the water distribution system. Once this was done, on July 29, 2010 chlorination at Seymour Falls Dam was discontinued. Third quarter 2010 monitoring results for samples taken during the week of September 13 – 17, 2010, showed a significant decrease in HAA levels and the fourth quarter results provided further evidence of these lower levels. Furthermore the arrival of cold temperature, low chlorine demand filtered water at the end of the year offered SCFP staff the opportunity to consider dropping the target chlorine levels of filtered water coming from the Clearwells from 1.1 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L. This chlorine reduction was successful but lowering of chlorine did not occur until after the sampling event of the fourth quarter so that DBP results for filtered water locations in 2010 were not influenced by lower chlorine levels in 2010. The calculated locational running averages for some sample sites will continue to be affected by these higher results from early 2010 until the high individual results drop out of the calculation in the 2nd quarter of 2011.
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Table 15: Average THAA5 Levels (µg/L) at Metro Vancouver and Municipal Sites, 2006 – 2010. Calculated from Quarterly Analysis Results. (MAC 80µg/L)
Sources 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Stanley Park (T.S.) 33 48 68 60 74
Vancouver (COV #55 D.S.) 45 51 73 61 60
Richmond #258 (D.S.) 67 70 91 74 82
Richmond #251 (D.S.) 48 77 85 75 91
Richmond #259 (D.S.) 52 71 83 67 83
Haney-Moody (T.S.) 20 18 42 25 34
Coquitlam #601 (D.S.) 29 31 49 34 38
Coquitlam #604 (D.S.) 24 30 40 39 40
Maple Ridge #438 (D.S.) 49 38 60 59 73
Maple Ridge #434 (D.S.) 40 50 59 42 68
City of Langley #451 (D.S.) 47 50 55 38 64
Rice Lake (T.S.) 38 41 71 49
SCFP-Outlet (T.S.)* 69*
Vancouver (COV #24 D.S.) 54 65 66 67 77
64th Ave. & 126th St. (T.S.) 46 52 75 55 56
Delta #323 (D.S.) 52 61 67 62 86
S. Surrey #930 (D.S.) 51 59 61 68 72
S. Surrey #931 (D.S.) 45 52 66 90 74
S. Surrey #940 (D.S.) 48 53 60 71 70
Newton #922 (D.S.) 39 32 43 43 52
Newton #926 (D.S.) 56 59 81 57 40
Newton #928 (D.S.) 55 68 77 65 43 * (SCFP-Outlet [T.S.] refers to site from Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant [SCFP] where water enters the Transmission System.
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7.0 REPORT ON MONITORING FOR 2010 WINTER OLYMPICS
An enhanced monitoring and reporting program was put in place during the 2010 Winter Olympics. Metro Vancouver staff worked with staff from those member municipalities hosting Olympic venues and staff from Vancouver Coastal Health to design and implement the program, which focused on the detection and immediate reporting of changes in water quality, sudden changes in system operational parameters or other changes that potentially could be linked to a breach in security of the water supply. The program, which operated 7 days per week, began operating during the week before the Olympics and continued through the Paralympics. Aspects of the program included:
• Daily grab samples taken at each of 28 sample points in the Metro Vancouver water system along with daily turnaround of the samples in the laboratory so that the results could be reported and discussed on the same day.
• Twice daily summaries of operational data were provided to all parties and laboratory data from grab samples accompanied the afternoon report.
• Conference calls involving Metro Vancouver staff, municipalities and the Health Authorities were held each morning and afternoon throughout the period.
• The City of Vancouver installed two on-line monitoring stations and, similar to Metro Vancouver, provided reports to the group twice daily.
Throughout the period, approximately 1500 extra water samples were collected and analyzed at the Metro Vancouver laboratory. All results were typical of Seymour filtered water. The stability of the filtered water was a benefit to the program, as it made it easier to interpret a significant change in the testing results. Most importantly, the enhanced monitoring and communication program provided assurance that water quality did not change during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics.
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8.0 QUALITY CONTROL / QUALITY ASSURANCE
In 1994, as required by a new Ministry of Health program, the Bacteriology Section of the Metro Vancouver laboratory received approval from the Provincial Medical Health Officer to perform bacteriological analysis of potable water as required in the B. C. Drinking Water Protection Regulation. An ongoing requirement of this approval is successful participation in the Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing (CMPT) program or its equivalent. The microbiology section has successfully participated in this program since 1994. Representatives of the Approval Committee for Bacteriology Laboratories carried out an inspection of the Metro Vancouver laboratory facilities at LCOC in the fall of 2009 as part of the process leading up to approval of the laboratory by the Provincial Health Officer which has been received. The next inspection is scheduled for 2012.
In addition to the approval process discussed above, the Metro Vancouver Laboratory is accredited by CALA, the Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation (formerly known as CAEAL) for the analysis of parameters for which the laboratory has requested certification. The laboratories have been inspected by representatives from CALA (CAEAL) bi-annually since 1995, and most recently in 2009 as required by the accreditation process. Accreditation for the laboratory from the Standards Council of Canada was first received early in 1996 and continued until the middle of 2005, when accreditation was granted by CALA directly. Based on the 2009 inspection, CALA issued the latest accreditation for the Metro Vancouver Laboratory in January, 2010. Details are available in the Quality Control office. The next CALA inspection will take place in the fall of 2011.
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36
Appendix 1
Chemical & Physical Analysis Summaries
37
38
Physical and Chemical Analysis of Water Supply
Greater Vancouver Water District
2010 - Capilano Water System
Untreated Treated
Parameter Average Average RangeDays
Guideline Exceeded
Canadian Guideline
Limit
Reason Guideline
Established
Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/L) 2.6 4.9 3.3-8.9 noneAluminium Dissolved (mg/L) 0.08 0.05 0.05 noneAluminium Total (mg/L) 0.1 0.07 0.07 noneAntimony Total (mg/L) <0.002 0.006 healthArsenic Total (mg/L) <0.001 0.010 healthBarium Total (mg/L) 0.003 1.0 healthBromate (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0 0.01 healthBromide (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 noneBoron Total (mg/L) <0.02 5.0 healthCadmium Total (mg/L) <0.0005 0.005 healthCalcium Total (mg/L) 1.19 1.7 1.16-3.19 noneCarbon Organic Dissolved (mg/L) 1.4 1.3 0.8-1.6 noneCarbon Organic Total (mg/L) 1.43 1.34 0.77-1.65 noneChlorate (mg/L) 0.04 0.03-0.06 0 1.0 healthChloride Total (mg/L) 0.5 2.5 1.9-3.7 0 ≤ 250 aestheticChromium Total (mg/L) <0.001 0.05 healthColor Apparent (ACU) 12 5 3-8 noneColor True (TCU) 11 4 2-6 0 ≤ 15 aestheticConductivity (umhos/cm) 11 18 16-38 noneCopper Total (mg/L) 0 002 ≤ 1 aestheticCopper Total (mg/L) 0.002 ≤ 1 aestheticCyanide Total (mg/L) <0.02 0.2 healthFluoride (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0 1.5 healthHardness as CaCO3 (mg/L) 3.57 4.84 3.44-8.60 noneIron Dissolved (mg/L) 0.05 0.05 <0.01-0.11 noneIron Total (mg/L) 0.09 0.09 0.02-0.22 0 ≤ 0.3 aestheticLead Total (mg/L) <0.001 0.01 healthMagnesium Total (mg/L) 0.14 0.15 0.13-0.16 noneManganese Dissolved (mg/L) 0.005 0.004 <0.001-0.007 noneManganese Total (mg/L) 0.006 0.004 0.002-0.008 0 ≤0.05 aestheticMercury Total (mg/L) <0.00005 0.001 healthNickel Total (mg/L) <0.001 noneNitrogen - Ammonia as N (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 noneNitrogen - Nitrate as N (mg/L) 0.06 0.06 0.05-0.06 0 10 healthNitrogen - Nitrite as N (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0 1.0 healthpH 6.4 6.6 6.2-7.0 3 6.5 to 8.5 aestheticPhenols (mg/L) <0.005 nonePhosphorus Total (mg/L) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 nonePotassium Total (mg/L) 0.16 noneResidue Total (mg/L) 15 19 19 noneResidue Total Dissolved (mg/L) 14 ≤ 500 aestheticResidue Total Fixed (mg/L) 11 13 13 noneResidue Total Volatile (mg/L) 5 7 7 noneSelenium Total (mg/L) <0.001 0.01 healthSilica as SiO2 (mg/L) 2.9 2.8 2.8 noneSilver Total (mg/L) <0.001 noneSodium Total (mg/L) <0.5 1.8 1.8 0 ≤200 aestheticSulphate (mg/L) 0.8 1.25 0.8-2.6 0 ≤500 aestheticTurbidity (NTU) 0.43 0.44 0.24-1.2UV254 (Abs/cm) 0.062 0.041 0.013-0.053 noneZinc Total (mg/L) <0.002 ≤ 5 aesthetic
These figures are average values from a number of laboratory analyses done throughout the year. Where the range is a single value no variation was measured for the samples analysed. Methods and terms are based on those of "Standard Methods of Water and Waste Water" 21st Edition 2005. Less than (<) denotes not detectable with the technique used for determination. Untreated water is from the intake prior to chlorination, treated water is from a sample line after 10 minutes chlorine contact time. Guidelines aretaken from "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Sixth Edition" Health and Welfare Canada 1996, updated to Dec 2010. Capilano source water is treated with sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. Capilano source was out of service from Jan 1-April 26, June 4-June 11, and Sep 22-Dec 31 due to high turbidity. sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. Capilano source was out of service from Jan 1 April 26, June 4 June 11, and Sep 22 Dec 31 due to high turbidity.
39
Physical and Chemical Analysis of Water Supply
Greater Vancouver Water District
2010 - Coquitlam Water SystemUntreated Treated
Parameter Average Average RangeDays
Guideline Exceeded
Canadian Guideline
Limit
Reason Guideline
Established
Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/L) 1.7 11.4 9.3-13.5 noneAluminium Dissolved (mg/L) 0.06 0.06 0.05-0.07 noneAluminium Total (mg/L) 0.08 0.08 0.05-0.07 noneAntimony Total (mg/L) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0 0.006 healthArsenic Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.010 healthBarium Total (mg/L) 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 1.0 healthBoron Total (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0 5.0 healthBromate (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0 0.01 healthBromide (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 noneCadmium Total (mg/L) <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 0 0.005 healthCalcium Total (mg/L) 0.90 0.90 0.84-0.96 noneCarbon Organic Dissolved (mg/L) 1.5 1.5 1.3-1.9 noneCarbon Organic Total (mg/L) 1.57 1.52 1.28-1.84 noneChlorate (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0 1.0 healthChloride Total (mg/L) 0.5 2.0 1.7-4.1 0 ≤ 250 aestheticChromium Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.05 healthColor Apparent (ACU) 12 2 1-3 noneColor True (TCU) 10 1 1-2 0 ≤ 15 aestheticConductivity (umhos/cm) 9 32 23-38 noneCopper Total (mg/L) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0 ≤ 1 aestheticCyanide Total (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0 0.2 healthFl id ( /L) 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 1 5 h l hFluoride (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0 1.5 healthHardness as CaCO3 (mg/L) 2.67 2.67 2.51-2.87 noneIron Dissolved (mg/L) 0.02 0.02 0.01-0.04 noneIron Total (mg/L) 0.05 0.05 0.03-0.08 0 ≤ 0.3 aestheticLead Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.01 healthMagnesium Total (mg/L) 0.10 0.10 0.09-0.12 noneManganese Dissolved (mg/L) 0.004 0.003 0.002-0.004 noneManganese Total (mg/L) 0.005 0.004 0.003-0.005 0 ≤ 0.05 aestheticMercury Total (mg/L) <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 0 0.001 healthNickel Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 noneNitrogen - Ammonia as N (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 noneNitrogen - Nitrate as N (mg/L) 0.10 0.10 0.08-0.15 0 10 healthNitrogen - Nitrite as N (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0 1.0 healthpH 6.3 7.3 6.5-8.1 0 6.5 to 8.5 aestheticPhenols (mg/L) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 nonePhosphorus Total (mg/L) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 nonePotassium Total (mg/L) 0.12 0.12 0.11-0.12 noneResidue Total (mg/L) 17 28 26-31 noneResidue Total Dissolved (mg/L) 13 26 23-29 0 ≤ 500 aestheticResidue Total Fixed (mg/L) 12 21 20-23 noneResidue Total Volatile (mg/L) 5 8 6-9 noneSelenium Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.01 healthSilica as SiO2 (mg/L) 2.5 2.4 2.1-2.6 noneSilver Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 noneSodium Total (mg/L) <0.5 6.4 6.2-6.8 0 ≤ 200 aestheticSulphate (mg/L) 0.7 0.7 0.7-0.8 0 ≤ 500 aestheticTurbidity (NTU) 0.47 0.40 0.21-0.97UV254 (Abs/cm) 0.067 0.020 0.013-0.041 noneUV254 App. (Abs/cm) 0.075 0.023 0.016-0.045 noneZinc Total (mg/L) 0.004 <0.002 <0.002 0 ≤ 5 aesthetic
These figures are average values from a number of laboratory analyses done throughout the year. Where the range is a single value no variation was measured for the samples analysed. Methods and terms are based on those of "Standard Methods of Water and Waste Water" 21st Edition 2005. Less than (<) denotes not detectable with the technique used for determination. Untreated water is from the intake prior to chlorination, treated water is from a single site in the Metro Vancouver distribution system downstream of chlorination. Guidelines are taken from "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Sixth Edition" Health and Welfare Canada 1996, updated to Dec 2010. Coquitlam water is treated with ozone for primary disinfection, chlorine for secondary disinfection, and soda ash to increase pH and alkalinity.
40
Physical and Chemical Analysis of Water Supply
Greater Vancouver Water District
2010 - Seymour Water System (Treated results are post Filtration)Untreated Treated
Parameter Average Average RangeDays
Guideline Exceeded
Canadian Guideline
Limit
Reason Guideline
Established
Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/L) 3.3 8.4 6.3-11.1 noneAluminium Dissolved (mg/L) 0.06 0.04 <0.01-0.08 noneAluminium Total (mg/L) 0.08 0.04 0.01-0.09 0 0.2 operationalAntimony Total (mg/L) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0 0.006 healthArsenic Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.010 healthBarium Total (mg/L) 0.004 0.004 0.003-0.004 0 1.0 healthBoron Total (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0 5.0 healthBromate (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0 0.01 healthBromide (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 noneCadmium Total (mg/L) <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 0 0.005 healthCalcium Total (mg/L) 1.62 3.27 1.38-4.35 noneCarbon Organic Dissolved (mg/L) 1.5 0.7 0.5-1.0 noneCarbon Organic Total (mg/L) 1.59 0.72 0.49-0.96 noneChlorate (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 0 1.0 healthChloride Total (mg/L) <0.5 2.4 1.8-2.8 0 ≤ 250 aestheticChromium Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.05 healthColor Apparent (ACU) 15 1 1-2 noneColor True (TCU) 12 1 1-2 0 ≤ 15 aestheticConductivity (umhos/cm) 12 32 26-38 noneCopper Total (mg/L) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0 1.0 aestheticCyanide Total (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0 0.2 healthCyanide Total (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0 0.2 healthFluoride (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0 1.5 healthHardness as CaCO3 (mg/L) 4.64 8.77 3.67-11.5 noneIron Dissolved (mg/L) 0.07 <0.01 <0.01 noneIron Total (mg/L) 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 0 ≤ 0.3 aestheticLead Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.01 healthMagnesium Total (mg/L) 0.14 0.15 0.12-0.17 noneManganese Dissolved (mg/L) 0.005 0.004 0.003-0.007 noneManganese Total (mg/L) 0.006 0.004 0.003-0.008 0 ≤ 0.05 aestheticMercury Total (mg/L) <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 0 0.001 healthNickel Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 noneNitrogen - Ammonia as N (mg/L) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 noneNitrogen - Nitrate as N (mg/L) 0.06 0.06 0.02-0.09 0 10 healthNitrogen - Nitrite as N (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0 1.0 healthpH 6.4 7.1 6.4-7.4 1 6.5 to 8.5 aestheticPhenols (mg/L) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 nonePhosphorus Total (mg/L) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005-0.006 nonePotassium Total (mg/L) 0.16 0.16 0.14-0.17 noneResidue Total (mg/L) 16 24 13-31 noneResidue Total Dissolved (mg/L) 15 22 11-28 0 ≤ 500 aestheticResidue Total Fixed (mg/L) 10 18 9-25 noneResidue Total Volatile (mg/L) 6 5 3-8 noneSelenium Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0 0.01 healthSilica as SiO2 (mg/L) 3.1 3.2 2.7-3.8 noneSilver Total (mg/L) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 noneSodium Total (mg/L) <0.5 3.1 1.3-6.9 0 ≤ 200 aestheticSulphate (mg/L) 1.2 3.0 1.8-5.5 0 ≤ 500 aestheticTurbidity (NTU) 0.63 0.05 0.02-0.19UV254 (Abs/cm) 0.071 0.012 0.007-0.016 noneZinc Total (mg/L) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0 ≤ 5 aesthetic
These figures are average values from a number of laboratory analyses done throughout the year. Where the range is a single value no variation was measured for the samples analysed. Methods and terms are based on those of "Standard Methods of Water and Waste Water" 21st Edition 2005. Less than (<) denotes not detectable with the technique used for determination. Untreated water is from the intake prior to chlorination, treated water is from a single site in the Metro Vanocuver distribution system downstream of chlorination. Guidelines are taken from "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Sixth Edition" Health and Welfare Canada 1996, updated to Dec 2010. Seymour treated water is filtered, treated with UV light for primary disinfection, sodium hypochlorite for secondary disinfection, lime to increase pH and alkalinity and CO 2 to adjust pH. Treated water turbidities are based on on-line analyzer values.
41
42
Appendix 2
Analysis of Water for Selected Organic Components and Radionuclides
43
44
Analysis of Source Water for
Herbicides, Pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radioactivity and Uranium
Parameter Date
Collected MAC IMAC AO Seymour Capilano Coquitlam
Aldicarb 5-Aug-10 0.009 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Bendiocarb 5-Aug-10 0.04 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Carbaryl 5-Aug-10 0.09 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Carbofuran 5-Aug-10 0.09 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 5-Aug-10 0.9 ≤ 0.0003 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Pentachlorophenol 5-Aug-10 0.06 ≤ 0.03 <0.00008 <0.00008 <0.00008
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 5-Aug-10 0.1 ≤ 0.001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 5-Aug-10 0.005 ≤ 0.002 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Atrazine + Metabolites 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Bromoxynil 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Cyanazine 5-Aug-10 0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Dicamba 5-Aug-10 0.12 <0.000005 <0.000005 <0.000005
Dichlofop-Methyl 5-Aug-10 0.009 <0.00008 <0.00008 <0.00008
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-(2,4-D) 5-Aug-10 0.1 <0.00008 <0.00008 <0.00008
Dinoseb 5-Aug-10 0.01 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Diquat 5-Aug-10 0.07 <0.007 <0.007 <0.007
Diuron 5-Aug-10 0.15 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010
Glyphosate 5-Aug-10 0.28 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010
Metolachlor 5-Aug-10 0.05 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Metribuzin 5-Aug-10 0.08 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Paraquat (as Dichloride) 5-Aug-10 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Picloram 5-Aug-10 0.19 <0.00008 <0.00008 <0.00008
Simazine 5-Aug-10 0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Trifluralin 5-Aug-10 0.045 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Aldrin + Dieldrin 5-Aug-10 0.0007 <0.000005 <0.000005 <0.000005
Methoxychlor 5-Aug-10 0.9 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Azinphos-Methyl 5-Aug-10 0.02 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Chlorpyrifos 5-Aug-10 0.09 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Diazinon 5-Aug-10 0.02 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Dimethoate 5-Aug-10 0.02 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Malathion 5-Aug-10 0.19 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Parathion 5-Aug-10 0.05 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Phorate 5-Aug-10 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Terbufos 5-Aug-10 0.001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Benzene 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Carbon Tetrachloride 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Dichlorobenzene, 1,2- 5-Aug-10 0.20 ≤ 0.003 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Dichlorobenzene, 1,4- 5-Aug-10 0.005 ≤ 0.001 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Dichloroethane, 1,2- 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Dichloroethylene, 1,1- 5-Aug-10 0.014 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Dichloromethane 5-Aug-10 0.05 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
45
Parameter Date
Collected MAC IMAC AO Seymour Capilano Coquitlam
Ethylbenzene 5-Aug-10 ≤ 0.0024 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Monochlorobenzene 5-Aug-10 0.08 ≤ 0.03 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Tetrachloroethylene 5-Aug-10 0.03 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Toluene 5-Aug-10 ≤ 0.024 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Trichloroethylene 5-Aug-10 0.005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Vinyl Chloride 5-Aug-10 0.002 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005
Xylene (Total) 5-Aug-10 ≤ 0.3 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Acenaphthene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Acenaphthylene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Anthracene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(a)anthracene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 5-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Benzo(a)pyrene1 5-Aug-10 0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Chrysene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 5-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Fluoranthene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Fluorene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 5-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Naphthalene 5-Aug-10 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005
Phenanthrene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Pyrene 5-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) 5-Aug-10 0.015 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004
Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA) 5-Aug-10 0.4 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Uranium 5-Aug-10 0.02 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
Radioactivity (Screening Levels)
Gross Alpha, Bq/L 5-Aug-10 <0.1 0.02 <0.01 0.02
Gross Beta, Bq/L 5-Aug-10 <1 0.02 0.02 <0.02
Natural Radionuclides by Gamma -Spectroscopy
Uranium-235 series (Bq/L):
Uranium-235 5-Aug-10 <0.3 <0.3 <0.2
Thorium-227 5-Aug-10 <0.3 <0.3 <0.2
Radium-223 5-Aug-10 0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
Radon-219 5-Aug-10 <0.2 <0.3 <0.3
Lead-211 5-Aug-10 <2 <1 <1
Uranium-238 series (Bq/L):
Thorium-234 5-Aug-10 <0.8 <0.7 <0.9
Thorium-230 5-Aug-10 <4 <6 <6
Radium-226 5-Aug-10 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Lead-214 5-Aug-10 <0.1 <0.1 <0.09
Bismuth-214 5-Aug-10 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Lead-210 5-Aug-10 0.2 <1.0 <0.7 <1.0
Thorium-232 series (Bq/L): 0.1
46
47
Parameter Date
Collected MAC IMAC AO Seymour Capilano CoquitlamActinium-228 5-Aug-10 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Lead-212 5-Aug-10 <0.3 <0.08 <0.1 Bismuth-212 5-Aug-10 <0.4 <0.4 <0.3 Thallium-208 5-Aug-10 <0.06 <0.4 <0.05 Potassium-40 5-Aug-10 <0.6 <1 <0.7 Footnotes: Units are as stated mostly in milligrams per litre (mg/L) except for Gross alpha, Gross beta, and gammas which are in Bequerels/litre (Bq/L). A private CALA-accredited BC laboratory analyzed special organics, NTA, and uranium. A Saskatchewan research laboratory analyzed gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and gamma radionuclides.The sensitivity of <0.01 Bq/L for Radium-226 was achieved by using Alpha spec method with lower detection levels1Benzopyrene is the only PAH compound that has a guideline limits
47
48
Monitoring of Selected Metro Vancouver Water Mains for BTEXs
Parameters Date
Sampled
MAC* AO* Maple Ridge
Main at Reservoir
Barnston Island Main at
Willoughby PS
Jericho-Clayton
Main
South Burnaby Main #2 mg/L mg/L
Benzene 13-Sep-10 0.005 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004
Ethylbenzene 13-Sep-10 ≤0.0024 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004
Toluene 13-Sep-10 ≤0.024 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004
Xylenes (Total) 13-Sep-10 ≤0.3 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004
49
Monitoring of Selected Metro Vancouver Mains for PAHs
Parameters Date
Sampled MAC* Coquitlam Main 2/3
Westburnco Reservoir
Barnston Island
Queens-borough
Whalley-Kennedy Link
Haney Main
36 Ave. Main
Acenaphthene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Acenaphthylene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Anthracene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(a)anthracene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 12-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Benzo(a)pyrene1 12-Aug-10 0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Chrysene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 12-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Fluoranthene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Fluorene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 12-Aug-10 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002 <0.00002
Naphthalene 12-Aug-10 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005
Phenanthrene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
Pyrene 12-Aug-10 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001
50
Appendix 3
BCCDC Enhanced Water Laboratory Giardia and Cryptosporidium Study
51
52
REPORT
to
METRO VANCOUVER
January 25, 2011 BCCDC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratories
Environmental Microbiology Room 3028 - 655 West 12th Avenue
Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 Phone: (604) 707-2624 Fax: (604) 707-2600
AUTHORS:
Judith Isaac-Renton, MD, DPH, FRCP(C) Program Head, Environmental Microbiology
Joe Fung, MPH, MSc*
Section Head, Environmental Microbiology
Brian Auk, BSc* Supervisor, Environmental Microbiology
Belinda Wong, BSc Supervisor, Environmental Microbiology
Natalie Prystajecky, PhD
Public Health Environmental Microbiologist, UBC Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
* To Whom Correspondence should be addressed
GIARDIA and CRYPTOSPORIDIUM STUDY
January – December, 2010
53
Report to Metro Vancouver
Detection of Waterborne Giardia and Cryptosporidium Study
January - December, 2010 PURPOSE To detect and quantify Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts cysts present in Filta-Max filters submitted regularly by Metro Vancouver from each of Seymour, Capilano and Coquitlam reservoirs, as well as Recycled Clarified Water from (RCW) Seymour-Capilano Filtration Plant (SCFP). INTRODUCTION Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts are parasites that infect the intestinal tracts of a number of vertebrate animals. In humans, infection with Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium species can cause gastroenteritis. As the cyst and oocyst forms of Giardia and Cryptosporidium are resistant to chlorination, they are of great concern for drinking water purveyors(1-3). On behalf of Metro Vancouver, BCCDC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratories (PHMRL) is currently examining the source water of Capilano, Seymour and Coquitlam reservoirs, as well as RCW at the SCFP for presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. Sample collection, testing, analysis and reporting occurred on a weekly basis. METHODS The Environmental Microbiology Laboratory at PHMRL uses the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA (4) for the detection of oocysts and cysts in water. Method 1623
Raw water samples were collected once every week by Metro Vancouver staff at specific locations in each of the Metro Vancouver sampling sites. Water was filtered at designated sites in the reservoirs and filtration plant using IDEXX Filta-Max foam filter modules. Filters were transported to the PHMRL, by Metro Vancouver staff, where they were processed and analyzed. Since the completion
of SCFP and filtration of raw water from Seymour reservoir, testing of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Seymour reservoir’s raw water has been discontinued as of Sep 6, 2010. In its place Giardia and Cryptosporidium testing was implemented for RCW from SCFP since September 20, 2010.
is a performance-based method applicable to the determination of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in aqueous matrices. It requires use of the filtration and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) process for concentration and purification of oocysts and cysts from sample material captured. An immunofluorescence assay is performed after the IMS procedure for identification and enumeration of oocysts and cysts, with confirmation using 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.
54
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
During 2010, a total of 149 Filta-Max filters were examined. These included: - 51 filters from the Capilano reservoir - 51 filters from the Coquitlam reservoir - 32 filters from the Seymour reservoir - 15 filters from SCFP
Negative and positive controls were tested as required by the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory’s Quality Assurance program. Summary of our findings are presented in Graphs 1-4 and Tables 1-7. With an average filtration volume of 60.6 L for all filter samples, the average detection limit for the test was 1.9 (oo)cysts per 100 L.
Giardia cysts were detected more frequently than Cryptosporidium oocysts in all three Metro Vancouver reservoirs and filtration plant. Capilano had the highest positive detection rate amongst all of the sampling sites with either Giardia cysts or Cryptosporidium oocysts being detected in 74.51% of the filters. SCFP - RCW in contrast have the lowest incidence of Cryptosporidium oocyst (0.00%) and Giardia cysts (13.33%).
Table 1: Giardia and Cryptosporidium Percent Positives for Metro Vancouver Water Filters – 2010
Seymour Reservoir
Capilano Reservoir
Coquitlam Reservoir
SCFP - RCW
Number of Water Filter Tested 32 51 51 15
% Filters – Giardia Positive 50.00% 74.51% 52.94% 13.33%
% Filters – Cryptosporidium Positive 0.00% 11.76% 1.96% 0.00%
% Filters – Giardia AND Cryptosporidium Positive 0.00% 11.76% 0.00% 0.00%
% Filters – Giardia OR Cryptosporidium Positive 50.00% 74.51% 54.90% 13.33%
Table 2: Giardia Cyst and Cryptosporidium Oocyst Concentrations for Positive Water Filters – 2010
Sampling Sites
# of Water Filters Tested
Average Detection
Limit (oo)cysts/
100 L
Max Detection
Limit (oo)cysts/
100L
Min Detection
Limit (oo)cysts/
100L
# of Giardia Positive Filters
Max # of
Giardia cysts/ 100L
Average # of
Giardia cysts/ 100L
(Positive Filters)
# of Crypto Positive Filters
Max # of
Crypto oocysts/
100L
Average # of
Crypto oocysts/
100L (Positive Filters)
All Sites 149 1.9 3.7 0.1 83 14.0 3.8 7 2.0 2.0
Seymour Reservoir 32 2.0 2.4 1.7 16 4.0 2.6 0 0.0 0.0
Capilano Reservoir 51 1.9 2.0 1.1 38 14.0 4.2 6 2.0 2.0
Coquitlam Reservoir 51 2.0 2.0 1.4 27 14.0 3.9 1 1.9 1.9
SCFP - RCW 15 1.8 3.7 0.1 2 2.5 1.4 0 0.0 0.0
55
Results for staining by IFA, DAPI and internal morphology, as determined through differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, for every identified cyst and oocyst were recorded. Results are attached (Tables 8-15).
The average length and width of Giardia cysts was identical between Capilano and Coquitlam reservoirs (Table 16). On the other hand Seymour reservoir had the largest average cysts while SCFP had the smallest average cysts. Consistent with previous years studies, the Capilano reservoir had the greatest range Giardia cysts size observed. The larger range of Giardia cysts size was in all likelihood the result of a larger number of Giardia cysts (biological heterogeneity) detected from the Capilano reservoir; 81 cysts detected in the Capilano reservoir as oppose to 54, 21 and 2 cysts detected for the Coquitlam reservoir, Seymour reservoir and SCFP respectively. The average ratios of length to width of all Giardia cysts detected ranges between 0.7 to 0.8 for all reservoirs.
Table 16: Comparisons of all Giardia cysts’ length and width
Seymour Capilano Coquitlam SCFP-RCW
Length (um)
Width (um)
Length (um)
Width (um)
Length (um)
Width (um)
Length (um)
Width (um)
Average 12.9 9.8 11.9 8.6 11.9 8.6 9.6 6.8
Standard Deviation 1.4 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 0 0
Maximum 15.2 11.2 14.8 11.6 14.4 11.2 9.6 6.8
Minimum 10 8 8.8 5.6 8.8 5.6 9.6 6.8
Median 12.8 9.6 12 9 12 8.8 9.6 6.8
Average Ratio 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Average Ratio Standard Deviation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0
DAPI staining results of the cysts were quite variable between each sampling site (Table 17), where only 9.5% of the Seymour reservoir’s cysts had one or more visibly stained nucleus while parasites detected in Capilano and Coquitlam reservoirs samples had 24.7% and 18.5% respectively. Though 50.0% of the cysts detected in SCFP had one or more visibly stained nucleus, considering only 2 cysts were detected in all SCFP samples, the sample size is too small to infer any conclusions. While the primary purpose of the DAPI stain was to confirm the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts, it can also serve as an indicator of nuclei integrity of cyst/oocyst and for presence of DNA. Since the majority of cysts examined from each reservoir were DAPI negative, this may indicate that most of the cysts detected were either aged or damaged.
56
Table 17: Summary of morphological results for Giardia cysts observed under fluorescence microscope.
Site
Total
DAPI - DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal staining, no distinct nuclei, green rim
Intense blue internal staining
Number of nuclei stained sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of nuclei
Median body
Axoneme
Seymour 21 17 (81.0%) 2 (9.5%) 2 (9.5%)
5 (23.8%) 14 (66.7%) 1 (4.8%)
1 (4.8%) 1 (4.8%)
Capilano 81 57 (70.4%) 4 (4.9%)
20 (24.7%)
5 (6.2%) 72 (88.9%) 3 (3.7%)
0 (0.0%) 1 (1.2%)
Coquitlam 54 42 (77.8%) 2 (3.7%)
10 (18.5%)
5 (9.3%) 44 (81.5%) 4 (7.4%)
0 (0.0%) 1 (1.9%)
SCFP-RCW 2
1 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%)
1 (50.0%)
0 (0.0%) 2 (100.0%) 0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Conversely, all Cryptosporidium oocysts detected in Capilano and Coquitlam reservoirs contained visibly stained nuclei (Table 18). In fact, all oocysts observed contained 3 or more DAPI positive nuclei while only 7.6% of all cysts observed met the same criteria (Table 19). The difference in DAPI positive rates between Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts likely reflects that Cryptosporidium oocysts, are more resistant to environmental stresses than Giardia cysts, allowing oocysts to remain viable for longer periods in the environment. Internal structure(s) were observed in 11 Giardia cysts while only one sporozoite was observed in one Cryptosporidium oocyst from Capilano reservoir.
57
Table 18: Summary of morphological results for Cryptosporidium oocysts observed under fluorescence microscope.
Site Total
DAPI - DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal staining, no distinct nuclei, green rim
Intense blue internal staining
Number of nuclei stained sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal structure
Number of sporozoites
Seymour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capilano 6 0 0 6 (100.0%) 0 5 (83.3%) 1 (16.7%)
Coquitlam 1 0 0 1 (100.0%) 0 1 (100.0%) 0
SCFP-RCW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 19: Comparisons of number of nuclei in each Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts between different sites.
Number of Nuclei
Cysts Oocysts
Seymour Capilano Coquitlam* SCFP-RCW
Seymour Capilano Coquitlam SCFP-RCW
0** 19 (90.5%)
61 (75.3%) 44 (81.5%)
1 (50.0%) 0 0 0 0
1 0 8 (9.9%) 4 (7.4%) 1 (50.0%) 0 0 0 0
2 0 6 (7.4%) 2 3.7%) 0 0 0 0 0
3 2 (9.5%) 5 (6.2%) 1 (1.9%) 0 0 2 (33.3%) 1 (100.0%) 0
4 0 1 (1.2%) 3 (5.6%) 0 0 4 (66.7%) 0 0
Total # of (oo)cysts 21 81 54 2 0 6 1 1
* Due to round off error, the percentages of these values do not add up to 100%. ** DAPI negative or only intense blue internal staining of cytoplasm.
58
SUMMARY
These semi-quantitative data (reported oocyst and cyst levels) should be interpreted with caution as current standard laboratory methods for detecting and analysing parasites in water matrices are known to be imprecise with recovery rates are known to fluctuate widely depending on the water matrix.
In brief, we report that:
1. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected sporadically from Capilano and Coquitlam reservoirs’ raw
water (11.76% of filters collected from Capilano and 1.96% from Coquitlam). Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in the Seymour reservoir and or SCFP-RCW.
2. Giardia cysts were detected in filters from all four Metro Vancouver sampling sites. Cysts were
present in 74.5% of raw water filtered from Capilano, 52.9% from Coquitlam, 50.0% from Seymour and 13.33% from SCFP-RCW. The monthly positive rate of Giardia for Capilano, Coquitlam and Seymour reservoirs indicates a seasonal trend in which numbers were lowest in the summer
3. During the months of July, August and September of 2010, no Cryptosporidium oocyst or Giardia
cyst were detected from any filters of Metro Vancouver reservoirs.
4. The highest concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 2.0 per 100 L from Capilano reservoir.
The highest level of Giardia cysts detected during 2010 was identical between Capilano and Coquitlam reservoir at 14.0 per 100 L.
5. From the microscopy results, there were no significant differences between the sizes of Giardia
cysts between reservoirs.
6. Most of the Giardia cysts detected appeared to have aged having succumbed to environmental
degradation, the Cryptosporidium oocysts detected, in contrast, retained more of their nuclei and internal structure integrity.
59
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The hard work of staff in the Environmental Microbiology is always appreciated. The PHMRL thanks Metro Vancouver for their ongoing support of this and other related projects. In particular, the assistance of Robert Jones, Drew Gibson, Judy Smith and Lynn Landry of the Metro Vancouver, Water Quality Department are greatly appreciated.
60
REFERENCES
1. Haas CN, Aturaliye D. Semi-quantitative characterization of electroporation-assisted disinfection
processes for inactivation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. 1999. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1999. 88:899-905.
2. Hoff JC.
Inactivation of microbial agents by chemical disinfectants. 1986. Publication EPA/600/2-86/067. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
3. Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, et al. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts viability. 1990. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56(5):1423-1428.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water by
filtration/IMS/FA. 2005. Publication EPA-815-R-05-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
61
ATTACHED GRAPHS AND TABLES
1. Graphs and Tables of Metro Vancouver Weekly Giardia and Cryptosporidium Filter Results
2010.xls
a. Graph 1 – 2010 Seymour Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100
Litres of Raw Water b. Graph 2 – 2010 Capilano Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100
Litres of Raw Water c. Graph 3 – 2010 Coquitlam Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100
Litres of Raw Water d. Graph 4 – 2010 SCFP-RCW Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100 Litres of
RCW e. Table 3 – 2010 Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir Weekly Filter Results f. Table 4 – 2010 Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir Weekly Filter Results g. Table 5 – 2010 Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir Weekly Filter Results h. Table 6 – 2010 Metro Vancouver SCFP - RCW Weekly Filter Results i. Table 7 – 5 year average # of cysts and oocysts detected/100 L in each reservoir (2005-2009)
2. 2010 Metro Vancouver Slide Examination Results - Cryptosporidium.xls
a. Table 8 – Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium
Results b. Table 9 – Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium
Results c. Table 10 – Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium
Results d. Table 11 – Metro Vancouver SCFP - RCW 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results
3. 2010 Metro Vancouver Slide Examination Results – Giardia.xls
a. Table 12 – Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results b. Table 13 – Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results c. Table 14 – Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results d. Table 15 – Metro Vancouver SCFP - RCW 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
62
Table 16: : 2010 Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir Weekly Filter Results
WF# Site Location Sampling
Date Week
Detection Limit (per
100L)
No. of Cysts per
100L
No. of Oocysts per 100L
Volume of Water
Filtered (L)
1 6853 Seymour Reservoir 03-Jan-10 2 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
2 6858 Seymour Reservoir 10-Jan-10 3 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
3 6865 Seymour Reservoir 17-Jan-10 4 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
4 6869 Seymour Reservoir 24-Jan-10 5 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
5 6876 Seymour Reservoir 31-Jan-10 6 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
6 6881 Seymour Reservoir 07-Feb-10 7 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
7 6888 Seymour Reservoir 14-Feb-10 8 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
8 6895 Seymour Reservoir 21-Feb-10 9 2.0 2.0 0.0 51.0
9 6902 Seymour Reservoir 28-Feb-10 10 2.4 0.0 0.0 50.0
10 6907 Seymour Reservoir 07-Mar-10 11 2.0 2.0 0.0 51.0
11 6914 Seymour Reservoir 14-Mar-10 12 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
12 6918 Seymour Reservoir 21-Mar-10 13 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
13 6925 Seymour Reservoir 28-Mar-10 14 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
14 6932 Seymour Reservoir 05-Apr-10 15 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
15 6939 Seymour Reservoir 11-Apr-10 16 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
16 6944 Seymour Reservoir 18-Apr-10 17 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
17 6951 Seymour Reservoir 25-Apr-10 18 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
18 6958 Seymour Reservoir 02-May-10 19 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
19 6966 Seymour Reservoir 09-May-10 20 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.6
20 6973 Seymour Reservoir 16-May-10 21 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
21 6980 Seymour Reservoir 24-May-10 22 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
22 6987 Seymour Reservoir 30-May-10 23 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
23 6994 Seymour Reservoir 06-Jun-10 24 1.7 1.7 0.0 60.0
24 7002 Seymour Reservoir 13-Jun-10 25 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
25 7008 Seymour Reservoir 20-Jun-10 26 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
26 7015 Seymour Reservoir 27-Jun-10 27 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
27 7022 Seymour Reservoir 04-Jul-10 28 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
28 7030 Seymour Reservoir 11-Jul-10 29 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
29 7034 Seymour Reservoir 18-Jul-10 30 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
30 7038 Seymour Reservoir 25-Jul-10 31 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
31 7042 Seymour Reservoir 02-Aug-10 32 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
32 7059 Seymour Reservoir 06-Sep-10 37 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
63
Table 17: 2010 Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir Weekly Filter Results
WF# Site Location Sampling
Date Week
Detection Limit
(per 100L)
No. of Cysts
per 100L
No. of Oocysts per 100L
Volume of Water Filtered (L)
1 6854 Capilano Reservoir 03-Jan-10 2 2.0 6.0 2.0 50.0
2 6859 Capilano Reservoir 10-Jan-10 3 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
3 6866 Capilano Reservoir 17-Jan-10 4 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
4 6870 Capilano Reservoir 24-Jan-10 5 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
5 6877 Capilano Reservoir 31-Jan-10 6 2.0 14.0 2.0 50.0
6 6882 Capilano Reservoir 07-Feb-10 7 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
7 6889 Capilano Reservoir 14-Feb-10 8 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
8 6896 Capilano Reservoir 21-Feb-10 9 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
9 6903 Capilano Reservoir 28-Feb-10 10 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
10 6908 Capilano Reservoir 07-Mar-10 11 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
11 6915 Capilano Reservoir 14-Mar-10 12 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
12 6919 Capilano Reservoir 21-Mar-10 13 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
13 6926 Capilano Reservoir 28-Mar-10 14 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
14 6933 Capilano Reservoir 05-Apr-10 15 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
15 6940 Capilano Reservoir 11-Apr-10 16 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
16 6945 Capilano Reservoir 18-Apr-10 17 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
17 6952 Capilano Reservoir 25-Apr-10 18 2.0 6.0 2.0 50.0
18 6959 Capilano Reservoir 02-May-10 19 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
19 6967 Capilano Reservoir 09-May-10 20 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
20 6974 Capilano Reservoir 16-May-10 21 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
21 6981 Capilano Reservoir 24-May-10 22 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
22 6988 Capilano Reservoir 30-May-10 23 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
23 6995 Capilano Reservoir 06-Jun-10 24 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
24 7003 Capilano Reservoir 13-Jun-10 25 2.0 10.0 2.0 50.0
25 7009 Capilano Reservoir 20-Jun-10 26 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
26 7016 Capilano Reservoir 27-Jun-10 27 1.8 1.8 0.0 55.0
27 7023 Capilano Reservoir 04-Jul-10 28 1.8 0.0 0.0 55.0
28 7031 Capilano Reservoir 11-Jul-10 29 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
29 7035 Capilano Reservoir 18-Jul-10 30 1.8 0.0 0.0 57.0
30 7039 Capilano Reservoir 25-Jul-10 31 1.7 3.3 0.0 60.0
31 7043 Capilano Reservoir 02-Aug-10 32 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
32 7047 Capilano Reservoir 08-Aug-10 33 1.7 1.7 0.0 60.0
33 7050 Capilano Reservoir 15-Aug-10 34 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.3
34 7053 Capilano Reservoir 22-Aug-10 35 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
35 7056 Capilano Reservoir 29-Aug-10 36 2.0 2.0 0.0 51.0
36 7060 Capilano Reservoir 06-Sep-10 37 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
37 7064 Capilano Reservoir 12-Sep-10 38 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
38 7067 Capilano Reservoir 19-Sep-10 39 1.7 0.0 0.0 60.0
39 7072 Capilano Reservoir 26-Sep-10 40 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
40 7076 Capilano Reservoir 03-Oct-10 41 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
41 7081 Capilano Reservoir 11-Oct-10 42 2.0 2.0 2.0 50.0
42 7085 Capilano Reservoir 17-Oct-10 43 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
43 7089 Capilano Reservoir 24-Oct-10 44 1.1 0.0 0.0 90.0
44 7093 Capilano Reservoir 31-Oct-10 45 1.9 3.8 0.0 53.0
45 7098 Capilano Reservoir 07-Nov-10 46 2.0 2.0 2.0 50.0
46 7102 Capilano Reservoir 14-Nov-10 47 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
47 7107 Capilano Reservoir 21-Nov-10 48 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
48 7112 Capilano Reservoir 28-Nov-10 49 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
49 7116 Capilano Reservoir 05-Dec-10 50 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
50 7123 Capilano Reservoir 12-Dec-10 51 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
51 7131 Capilano Reservoir 19-Dec-10 52 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
64
Table 18: 2010 Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir weekly filter results
WF# Site Location Sampling
Date Week
Detection Limit
(per 100L)
No. of Cysts per
100L
No. of Oocysts per 100L
Volume of Water
Filtered (L)
1 6855 Coquitlam Reservoir 03-Jan-10 2 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
2 6860 Coquitlam Reservoir 10-Jan-10 3 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
3 6867 Coquitlam Reservoir 17-Jan-10 4 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
4 6871 Coquitlam Reservoir 24-Jan-10 5 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
5 6878 Coquitlam Reservoir 31-Jan-10 6 1.7 1.7 0.0 60.0
6 6883 Coquitlam Reservoir 07-Feb-10 7 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
7 6890 Coquitlam Reservoir 14-Feb-10 8 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
8 6897 Coquitlam Reservoir 21-Feb-10 9 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
9 6904 Coquitlam Reservoir 28-Feb-10 10 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
10 6909 Coquitlam Reservoir 07-Mar-10 11 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
11 6916 Coquitlam Reservoir 14-Mar-10 12 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
12 6920 Coquitlam Reservoir 21-Mar-10 13 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
13 6927 Coquitlam Reservoir 28-Mar-10 14 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
14 6934 Coquitlam Reservoir 05-Apr-10 15 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
15 6941 Coquitlam Reservoir 11-Apr-10 16 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
16 6946 Coquitlam Reservoir 18-Apr-10 17 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
17 6953 Coquitlam Reservoir 25-Apr-10 18 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
18 6960 Coquitlam Reservoir 02-May-10 19 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
19 6968 Coquitlam Reservoir 09-May-10 20 1.8 0.0 0.0 57.0
20 6975 Coquitlam Reservoir 16-May-10 21 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
21 6982 Coquitlam Reservoir 24-May-10 22 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
22 6989 Coquitlam Reservoir 30-May-10 23 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
23 6996 Coquitlam Reservoir 06-Jun-10 24 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
24 7004 Coquitlam Reservoir 13-Jun-10 25 1.9 0.0 1.9 53.0
25 7010 Coquitlam Reservoir 20-Jun-10 26 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
26 7017 Coquitlam Reservoir 27-Jun-10 27 1.8 0.0 0.0 55.0
27 7024 Coquitlam Reservoir 04-Jul-10 28 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
28 7032 Coquitlam Reservoir 11-Jul-10 29 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
29 7036 Coquitlam Reservoir 18-Jul-10 30 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
30 7040 Coquitlam Reservoir 25-Jul-10 31 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
31 7044 Coquitlam Reservoir 02-Aug-10 32 2.0 0.0 0.0 51.2
32 7048 Coquitlam Reservoir 08-Aug-10 33 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
33 7051 Coquitlam Reservoir 15-Aug-10 34 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
34 7054 Coquitlam Reservoir 22-Aug-10 35 2.0 0.0 0.0 51.0
35 7057 Coquitlam Reservoir 29-Aug-10 36 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.1
36 7061 Coquitlam Reservoir 06-Sep-10 37 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
37 7065 Coquitlam Reservoir 12-Sep-10 38 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
38 7068 Coquitlam Reservoir 19-Sep-10 39 2.0 14.0 0.0 50.0
39 7073 Coquitlam Reservoir 26-Sep-10 40 2.0 6.0 0.0 50.0
40 7077 Coquitlam Reservoir 03-Oct-10 41 1.9 1.9 0.0 52.0
41 7082 Coquitlam Reservoir 11-Oct-10 42 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
42 7086 Coquitlam Reservoir 17-Oct-10 43 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
43 7090 Coquitlam Reservoir 24-Oct-10 44 1.9 3.8 0.0 53.0
44 7094 Coquitlam Reservoir 31-Oct-10 45 1.9 1.9 0.0 54.0
45 7099 Coquitlam Reservoir 07-Nov-10 46 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
46 7103 Coquitlam Reservoir 14-Nov-10 47 2.0 2.0 0.0 50.0
47 7108 Coquitlam Reservoir 21-Nov-10 48 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
48 7113 Coquitlam Reservoir 28-Nov-10 49 2.0 8.0 0.0 50.0
49 7117 Coquitlam Reservoir 05-Dec-10 50 2.0 4.0 0.0 50.0
50 7124 Coquitlam Reservoir 12-Dec-10 51 2.0 10.0 0.0 50.0
51 7132 Coquitlam Reservoir 19-Dec-10 52 1.4 1.4 0.0 70.0
65
Table 19: 2010 Metro Vancouver Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant - Recycled Clarified Water (SCFP - RCW) weekly filter results
WF# Site Location Sampling
Date Week
Detection Limit
(per 100L)
No. of Cysts per
100L
No. of Oocysts per 100L
Volume of Water Filtered
(L)
1 7069 SCFP - RCW 20-Sep-10 39 2.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
2 7074 SCFP - RCW 28-Sep-10 40 3.3 0.0 0.0 30.0
3 7078 SCFP - RCW 05-Oct-10 41 3.0 0.0 0.0 33.0
4 7083 SCFP - RCW 12-Oct-10 42 2.1 0.0 0.0 47.8
5 7087 SCFP - RCW 20-Oct-10 43 3.7 0.0 0.0 27.3
6 7091 SCFP - RCW 26-Oct-10 44 2.3 0.0 0.0 43.8
7 7095 SCFP - RCW 02-Nov-10 45 0.1 0.0 0.0 812.7
8 7100 SCFP - RCW 09-Nov-10 46 0.3 0.3 0.0 384.5
9 7105 SCFP - RCW 16-Nov-10 47 1.1 0.0 0.0 92.1
10 7109 SCFP - RCW 23-Nov-10 48 0.7 0.0 0.0 147.5
11 7114 SCFP - RCW 30-Nov-10 49 0.7 0.0 0.0 135.9
12 7125 SCFP - RCW 14-Dec-10 51 3.5 0.0 0.0 28.5
13 7126 SCFP - RCW 14-Dec-10 51 2.5 2.5 0.0 39.9
14 7133 SCFP - RCW 20-Dec-10 52 0.6 0.0 0.0 159.0
15 7134 SCFP - RCW 20-Dec-10 52 0.7 0.0 0.0 142.3
66
Table 20: 5 year average # of cysts and oocysts detected/100 L in each reservoir
(2005-2009)
Giardia Cysts Cryptosporidium Oocysts
Weeks Seymour Reservoir
Capilano Reservoir
Coquitlam Reservoir
Seymour Reservoir
Capilano Reservoir
Coquitlam Reservoir
1 4.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 3.0 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.5 0.5
3 4.3 9.3 4.5 0.0 0.5 0.0
4 1.2 2.8 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
6 2.0 2.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 1.2 4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0
10 2.8 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
11 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.0
12 1.6 2.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13 0.9 4.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
14 1.2 3.3 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0
15 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
16 0.0 1.6 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.0
17 0.0 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
18 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0
19 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0
21 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
22 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
23 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
26 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.0
27 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0
28 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4
29 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
30 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
31 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
32 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
33 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
34 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
35 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
36 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.4
38 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
39 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
41 0.0 0.8 2.4 0.0 2.4 0.0
42 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43 0.0 4.8 4.0 0.0 0.8 0.0
44 0.0 5.4 4.4 0.0 0.4 0.0
45 0.8 2.2 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46 1.2 9.8 4.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
47 0.0 4.5 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.0
48 2.0 6.0 2.2 0.5 0.3 0.0
49 0.6 10.4 8.3 0.2 2.2 0.5
50 4.4 4.8 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
51 3.5 3.6 3.3 0.0 1.2 0.7
52 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
Table 21: Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W
(μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct
nuclei, green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with
internal structure
Number of sporozoites
6853 Seymour 1/3/2010 0
6858 Seymour 1/10/2010 0
6865 Seymour 1/17/2010 0 6869 Seymour 1/24/2010 0
6876 Seymour 1/31/2010 0
6881 Seymour 2/7/2010 0
6888 Seymour 2/14/2010 0
6895 Seymour 2/21/2010 0
6902 Seymour 2/28/2010 0
6907 Seymour 3/7/2010 0
6914 Seymour 3/14/2010 0
6918 Seymour 3/21/2010 0
6925 Seymour 3/28/2010 0
6932 Seymour 4/5/2010 0
6939 Seymour 4/11/2010 0
6944 Seymour 4/18/2010 0
6951 Seymour 4/25/2010 0
6958 Seymour 5/2/2010 0
6966 Seymour 5/9/2010 0 6973 Seymour 5/16/2010 0
6980 Seymour 5/24/2010 0
6987 Seymour 5/30/2010 0
6994 Seymour 6/6/2010 0
7002 Seymour 6/13/2010 0
68
Table 21 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W
(μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct
nuclei, green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal
structure
Number of sporozoites
7008 Seymour 6/20/2010 0
7015 Seymour 6/27/2010 0
7022 Seymour 7/4/2010 0
7030 Seymour 7/11/2010 0
7034 Seymour 7/18/2010 0
7038 Seymour 7/25/2010 0
7042 Seymour 8/2/2010 0
7059 Seymour 9/6/2010 0
69
Table 22: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No. Site
Sampled Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of nuclei stained sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal
structure
Number of sporozoites
6854 Capilano 1/3/2010 1 round 4.8 4
6859 Capilano 1/10/2010 0
6866 Capilano 1/17/2010 0
6870 Capilano 1/24/2010 0
6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 1 round 4.8 3
6882 Capilano 2/7/2010 0
6889 Capilano 2/14/2010 0
6896 Capilano 2/21/2010 0
6903 Capilano 2/28/2010 0
6908 Capilano 3/7/2010 0
6915 Capilano 3/14/2010 0
6919 Capilano 3/21/2010 0
6926 Capilano 3/28/2010 0
6933 Capilano 4/5/2010 0
6940 Capilano 4/11/2010 0
6945 Capilano 4/18/2010 0
6952 Capilano 4/25/2010 1 oval 5.6 x 4.8 4
6959 Capilano 5/2/2010 0
6967 Capilano 5/9/2010 0
6974 Capilano 5/16/2010 0
6981 Capilano 5/24/2010 0
6988 Capilano 5/30/2010 0
6995 Capilano 6/6/2010 0
7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 1 round 5.2 4
7009 Capilano 6/20/2010 0
70
Table 22 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No. Site
Sampled Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of nuclei stained sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal
structure
Number of sporozoites
7016 Capilano 6/27/2010 0
7023 Capilano 7/4/2010 0
7031 Capilano 7/11/2010 0
7035 Capilano 7/18/2010 0
7039 Capilano 7/25/2010 0
7043 Capilano 8/2/2010 0
7047 Capilano 8/8/2010 0
7050 Capilano 8/15/2010 0
7053 Capilano 8/22/2010 0
7056 Capilano 8/29/2010 0
7060 Capilano 9/6/2010 0
7064 Capilano 9/12/2010 0
7067 Capilano 9/19/2010 0
7072 Capilano 9/26/2010 0
7076 Capilano 10/3/2010 0
7081 Capilano 10/11/2010 1 round 5.2 x 4.8 3
7085 Capilano 10/17/2010 0
7089 Capilano 10/24/2010 0
7093 Capilano 10/31/2010 0
7098 Capilano 11/7/2010 1 round 5.0 4 2
7102 Capilano 11/14/2010 0
7107 Capilano 11/21/2010 0
7112 Capilano 11/28/2010 0
7116 Capilano 12/5/2010 0
7123 Capilano 12/12/2010 0
7131 Capilano 12/19/2010 0
71
Table 23: Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No. Site
Sampled Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of nuclei
stained sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal
structure
Number of sporozoites
6855 Coquitlam 1/3/2010 0
6860 Coquitlam 1/10/2010 0
6867 Coquitlam 1/17/2010 0
6871 Coquitlam 1/24/2010 0
6878 Coquitlam 1/31/2010 0
6883 Coquitlam 2/7/2010 0
6890 Coquitlam 2/14/2010 0
6897 Coquitlam 2/21/2010 0
6904 Coquitlam 2/28/2010 0
6909 Coquitlam 3/7/2010 0
6916 Coquitlam 3/14/2010 0
6920 Coquitlam 3/21/2010 0
6927 Coquitlam 3/28/2010 0
6934 Coquitlam 4/5/2010 0
6941 Coquitlam 4/11/2010 0
6946 Coquitlam 4/18/2010 0
6953 Coquitlam 4/25/2010 0
6960 Coquitlam 5/2/2010 0
6968 Coquitlam 5/9/2010 0
6975 Coquitlam 5/16/2010 0
6982 Coquitlam 5/24/2010 0
6989 Coquitlam 5/30/2010 0
6996 Coquitlam 6/6/2010 0
7004 Coquitlam 6/13/2010 1 oval 5.2 x 4.4 3
72
Table 23 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No. Site
Sampled Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of nuclei
stained sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with internal
structure
Number of sporozoites
7010 Coquitlam 6/20/2010 0
7017 Coquitlam 6/27/2010 0
7024 Coquitlam 7/4/2010 0
7032 Coquitlam 7/11/2010 0
7036 Coquitlam 7/18/2010 0
7040 Coquitlam 7/25/2010 0
7044 Coquitlam 8/2/2010 0
7048 Coquitlam 8/8/2010 0
7051 Coquitlam 8/15/2010 0
7054 Coquitlam 8/22/2010 0
7057 Coquitlam 8/29/2010 0
7061 Coquitlam 9/6/2010 0
7065 Coquitlam 9/12/2010 0
7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 0
7073 Coquitlam 9/26/2010 0
7077 Coquitlam 10/3/2010 0
7082 Coquitlam 10/11/2010 0
7086 Coquitlam 10/17/2010 0
7090 Coquitlam 10/24/2010 0
7094 Coquitlam 10/31/2010 0
7099 Coquitlam 11/7/2010 0
7103 Coquitlam 11/14/2010 0
7108 Coquitlam 11/21/2010 0
7113 Coquitlam 11/28/2010 0
7117 Coquitlam 12/5/2010 0
7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 0
7132 Coquitlam 12/19/2010 0
73
Table 24: Metro Vancouver Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant - Recycled Clarified Water 2010 Slide Examination Cryptosporidium Results.
Lab No. Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty oocysts
Oocysts with
amorphous structure
Oocysts with
internal structure
Number of sporozoites
7069 SCFP-RCW 9/20/2010 0
7074 SCFP-RCW 9/28/2010 0
7078 SCFP-RCW 10/5/2010 0 7083 SCFP-RCW 10/12/2010 0 7087 SCFP-RCW 10/20/2010 0
7091 SCFP-RCW 10/26/2010 0
7095 SCFP-RCW 11/2/2010 0 7100 SCFP-RCW 11/9/2010 0
7105 SCFP-RCW 11/16/2010 0 7109 SCFP-RCW 11/23/2010 0
7114 SCFP-RCW 11/30/2010 0
7125 SCFP-RCW (1) 12/14/2010 0
7126 SCFP-RCW (2) 12/14/2010 0
7133 SCFP-RCW (1) 12/20/2010 0
7134 SCFP-RCW (2) 12/20/2010 0
74
Table 25: Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6853 Seymour 1/3/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 9.2
6853 Seymour 1/3/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 9.6
6858 Seymour 1/10/2010 0
6865 Seymour 1/17/2010 0
6869 Seymour 1/24/2010 0
6876 Seymour 1/31/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 8.0 3 3 1
6876 Seymour 1/31/2010 2 oval 13.5 x 10.0
6881 Seymour 2/7/2010 1 round 11.6 x 10.8
6888 Seymour 2/14/2010 1 round 10.0 x 9.5 3
6888 Seymour 2/14/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 9.2
6895 Seymour 2/21/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 8.8
6902 Seymour 2/28/2010 0
6907 Seymour 3/7/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 10.4
6914 Seymour 3/14/2010 0
6918 Seymour 3/21/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 8.4
6925 Seymour 3/28/2010 0
6932 Seymour 4/5/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 10.4
6939 Seymour 4/11/2010 0
6944 Seymour 4/18/2010 0
6951 Seymour 4/25/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 10.4
6951 Seymour 4/25/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 8.8
6958 Seymour 5/2/2010 1 round 11.0 x 10.0
6958 Seymour 5/2/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 9.6
75
Table 25 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Seymour Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6966 Seymour 5/9/2010 1 oval 15.2 x 11.2
6973 Seymour 5/16/2010 0
6980 Seymour 5/24/2010 0
6987 Seymour 5/30/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 9.6
6994 Seymour 6/6/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 10.4
7002 Seymour 6/13/2010 1 oval 15.2 x 9.6
7008 Seymour 6/20/2010 0
7015 Seymour 6/27/2010 0
7022 Seymour 7/4/2010 0
7030 Seymour 7/11/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 10.8
7034 Seymour 7/18/2010 0
7038 Seymour 7/25/2010 0
7042 Seymour 8/2/2010 1 round 11.2 x 11.2
7059 Seymour 9/6/2010 0
76
Table 26: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6854 Capilano 1/3/2010 1 oval 13.2 x 10.0 6854 Capilano 1/3/2010 2 oval 9.6 x 7.2 1 6854 Capilano 1/3/2010 3 oval 11.2 x 6.4 6859 Capilano 1/10/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 9.6 6859 Capilano 1/10/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 9.0 6866 Capilano 1/17/2010 1 oval 11.0 x 8.5 6866 Capilano 1/17/2010 2 oval 8.8 x 6.4 6870 Capilano 1/24/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 8.0 3 6870 Capilano 1/24/2010 2 oval 13.5 x 9.5 6870 Capilano 1/24/2010 3 oval 13.0 x 9.0 3 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 1 oval 10.0 x 7.0 1 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 2 oval 10.0 x 8.0 1 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 3 oval 9.0 x 7.0 1 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 4 oval 12.8 x 9.6 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 5 oval 9.5 x 7.5 1 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 6 oval 10.0 x 8.0 1 6877 Capilano 1/31/2010 7 oval 9.0 x 7.0 1
6882 Capilano 2/7/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 6.4 6889 Capilano 2/14/2010 0 6896 Capilano 2/21/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 5.6 6896 Capilano 2/21/2010 2 oval 10.4 x 5.6 6903 Capilano 2/28/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 5.6 6903 Capilano 2/28/2010 2 oval 9.6 x 6.4
6903 Capilano 2/28/2010 3 oval 13.6 x 8.8 6903 Capilano 2/28/2010 4 oval 14.4 x 9.6
6908 Capilano 3/7/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 8.8 3
77
Table 26 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6908 Capilano 3/7/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 9.0 6908 Capilano 3/7/2010 3 oval 12.0 x 9.5 6908 Capilano 3/7/2010 4 round 11.0 x 11.0 6915 Capilano 3/14/2010 0 6919 Capilano 3/21/2010 1 oval 10.8 x 8.8 6926 Capilano 3/28/2010 1 oval 14.0 x 10.0
6933 Capilano 4/5/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 10.8 6940 Capilano 4/11/2010 0 6945 Capilano 4/18/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 8.0 2 6952 Capilano 4/25/2010 1 oval 11.2 x 9.6 3 6952 Capilano 4/25/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 9.6 6952 Capilano 4/25/2010 3 oval 14.0 x 8.4
6959 Capilano 5/2/2010 1 oval 13.0 x 8.5 6959 Capilano 5/2/2010 2 oval 13.0 x 11.0 6959 Capilano 5/2/2010 3 oval 14.4 x 9.6 6959 Capilano 5/2/2010 4 round 11.0 x 10.0 6967 Capilano 5/9/2010 1 round 11.2 x 10.4 6974 Capilano 5/16/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 10.4 6981 Capilano 5/24/2010 0 6988 Capilano 5/30/2010 1 oval 9.5 x 6.5 6988 Capilano 5/30/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 8.8 2 6988 Capilano 5/30/2010 3 oval 13.0 x 9.0
6995 Capilano 6/6/2010 1 oval 11.2 x 8.8
6995 Capilano 6/6/2010 2 round 12.0 x 11.6
6995 Capilano 6/6/2010 3 oval 13.6 x 8.8
78
Table 26 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 9.6 7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 2 round 11.6 x 11.2 7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 3 round 12.0 x 11.2 7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 4 oval 12.0 x 7.6 7003 Capilano 6/13/2010 5 oval 13.6 x 10.4 7009 Capilano 6/20/2010 1 oval 10.0 x 7.0 7009 Capilano 6/20/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 8.8 4
7009 Capilano 6/20/2010 3 oval 12.0 x 10.0 7016 Capilano 6/27/2010 1 oval 14.0 x 10.0 7023 Capilano 7/4/2010 0 7031 Capilano 7/11/2010 0 7035 Capilano 7/18/2010 0
7039 Capilano 7/25/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 10.0 2 7039 Capilano 7/25/2010 2 oval 14.0 x 8.0 7043 Capilano 8/2/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 10.4 7047 Capilano 8/8/2010 1 oval 12.4 x 10.4 7050 Capilano 8/15/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 9.6
7053 Capilano 8/22/2010 0 7056 Capilano 8/29/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 9.6 7060 Capilano 9/6/2010 0 7064 Capilano 9/12/2010 0
7067 Capilano 9/19/2010 0 7072 Capilano 9/26/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 10.4 7076 Capilano 10/3/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 9.6 7081 Capilano 10/11/2010 1 oval 9.2 x 6.0
79
Table 26 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Capilano Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results.
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
7085 Capilano 10/17/2010 1 oval 9.0 x 7.0 7085 Capilano 10/17/2010 2 oval 12.5 x 9.5 2 1 7085 Capilano 10/17/2010 3 oval 11.0 x 9.0 2 7085 Capilano 10/17/2010 4 oval 12.8 x 9.6 7089 Capilano 10/24/2010 0 7093 Capilano 10/31/2010 1 oval 9.5 x 7.0 7093 Capilano 10/31/2010 2 oval 14.8 x 8.0 3
7098 Capilano 11/7/2010 1 round 11.2 x 10.4 7102 Capilano 11/14/2010 1 oval 10.0 x 6.0 7102 Capilano 11/14/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 6.4 1 7102 Capilano 11/14/2010 3 oval 11.6 x 9.6 2 2 7107 Capilano 11/21/2010 1 oval 9.5 x 6.0 7107 Capilano 11/21/2010 2 oval 9.6 x 7.2 7112 Capilano 11/28/2010 1 oval 11.6 x 9.6
7116 Capilano 12/5/2010 0 7123 Capilano 12/12/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 6.8 7123 Capilano 12/12/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 9.0 7131 Capilano 12/19/2010 1 oval 9.2 x 6.0
80
81
Table 27: Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6855 Coquitlam 1/3/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 8.0 1 6855 Coquitlam 1/3/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 8.0 6855 Coquitlam 1/3/2010 3 oval 12.8 x 8.8 4 6860 Coquitlam 1/10/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 7.2 6860 Coquitlam 1/10/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 9.8 6867 Coquitlam 1/17/2010 1 oval 11.2 x 6.8 6871 Coquitlam 1/24/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 9.6 6878 Coquitlam 1/31/2010 1 oval 12.4 x 10.0
6883 Coquitlam 2/7/2010 0 6890 Coquitlam 2/14/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 8.0 6897 Coquitlam 2/21/2010 0 6904 Coquitlam 2/28/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 10.0 6904 Coquitlam 2/28/2010 2 oval 10.4 x 5.6 6904 Coquitlam 2/28/2010 3 round 11.2 x 11.2 6904 Coquitlam 2/28/2010 4 oval 13.6 x 11.2
6909 Coquitlam 3/7/2010 0 6916 Coquitlam 3/14/2010 1 oval 14.0 x 10.0 6916 Coquitlam 3/14/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 8.0 6920 Coquitlam 3/21/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 8.0 2 2 6927 Coquitlam 3/28/2010 0
6934 Coquitlam 4/5/2010 0 6941 Coquitlam 4/11/2010 1 oval 10.8 x 6.4 1 6941 Coquitlam 4/11/2010 2 oval 11.8 x 9.6 6946 Coquitlam 4/18/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 8.0 6953 Coquitlam 4/25/2010 0 6960 Coquitlam 5/2/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 8.8
81
82
Table 27 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
6968 Coquitlam 5/9/2010 0 6975 Coquitlam 5/16/2010 0 6982 Coquitlam 5/24/2010 1 oval 14.4 x 9.6 6989 Coquitlam 5/30/2010 0
6996 Coquitlam 6/6/2010 0 7004 Coquitlam 6/13/2010 0 7010 Coquitlam 6/20/2010 0 7017 Coquitlam 6/27/2010 0
7024 Coquitlam 7/4/2010 0 7032 Coquitlam 7/11/2010 0 7036 Coquitlam 7/18/2010 0 7040 Coquitlam 7/25/2010 1 oval 12.4 x 9.6
7044 Coquitlam 8/2/2010 0 7048 Coquitlam 8/8/2010 0 7051 Coquitlam 8/15/2010 0 7054 Coquitlam 8/22/2010 0 7057 Coquitlam 8/29/2010 1 oval 12.0 x 9.2
7061 Coquitlam 9/6/2010 0 7065 Coquitlam 9/12/2010 0 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 10.0 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 2 oval 14.0 x 9.6 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 3 oval 11.2 x 8.4 4 1 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 4 oval 11.6 x 9.2 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 5 oval 10.8 x 9.6 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 6 oval 11.2 x 9.6 7068 Coquitlam 9/19/2010 7 oval 11.2 x 8.8
82
83
Table 27 Cont’d: Metro Vancouver Coquitlam Reservoir 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
Lab No.
Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W (μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C. Light blue
internal staining,
no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
7073 Coquitlam 9/26/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 10.0 7073 Coquitlam 9/26/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 9.6 7073 Coquitlam 9/26/2010 3 oval 12.0 x 10.0 7077 Coquitlam 10/3/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 9.6 7082 Coquitlam 10/11/2010 1 oval 11.2 x 7.2 4 2 7082 Coquitlam 10/11/2010 2 oval 12.8 x 6.4 7086 Coquitlam 10/17/2010 0 7090 Coquitlam 10/24/2010 1 oval 13.2 x 7.2 2 7090 Coquitlam 10/24/2010 2 oval 13.6 x 10.0 7094 Coquitlam 10/31/2010 1 oval 12.8 x 9.6
7099 Coquitlam 11/7/2010 0 7103 Coquitlam 11/14/2010 1 oval 13.6 x 9.2 7108 Coquitlam 11/21/2010 1 oval 8.8 x 7.2 7108 Coquitlam 11/21/2010 2 oval 10.0 x 8.0 7113 Coquitlam 11/28/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 8.0 1 7113 Coquitlam 11/28/2010 2 oval 9.6 x 8.0 7113 Coquitlam 11/28/2010 3 oval 9.6 x 7.2 7113 Coquitlam 11/28/2010 4 oval 9.6 x 8.0 1 7117 Coquitlam 12/5/2010 1 oval 8.8 x 6.4 7117 Coquitlam 12/5/2010 2 oval 12.0 x 10.0 7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 1 oval 10.5 x 8.0 7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 2 oval 14.0 x 8.0 3 3 7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 3 oval 12.5 x 9.0 7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 4 oval 9.0 x 6.5
7124 Coquitlam 12/12/2010 5 oval 14.4 x 8.8 7132 Coquitlam 12/19/2010 1 oval 10.0 x 6.0
83
84
Table 28: Metro Vancouver Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant - Recycled Clarified Water 2010 Slide Examination Giardia Results
Lab No. Site Sampled
Date (mm/dd/yy)
Object located by FA
Shape (oval
or round)
Size L x W
(μm)
DAPI – DAPI + D.I.C.
Light blue internal
staining, no distinct nuclei,
green rim
Intense blue
internal staining
Number of
nuclei stained
sky blue
Empty cysts
Cysts with amorphous
structure
Cysts with internal structure
Number of
nuclei Median Body Axoneme
7069 SCFP-RCW 9/20/2010 0 7074 SCFP-RCW 9/28/2010 0
7078 SCFP-RCW 10/5/2010 0 7083 SCFP-RCW 10/12/2010 0 7087 SCFP-RCW 10/20/2010 0 7091 SCFP-RCW 10/26/2010 0
7095 SCFP-RCW 11/2/2010 0 7100 SCFP-RCW 11/9/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 6.8 1 7105 SCFP-RCW 11/16/2010 0 7109 SCFP-RCW 11/23/2010 0 7114 SCFP-RCW 11/30/2010 0
7125 SCFP-RCW (1) 12/14/2010 0 7126 SCFP-RCW (2) 12/14/2010 1 oval 9.6 x 6.8 7133 SCFP-RCW (1) 12/20/2010 0 7134 SCFP-RCW (2) 12/20/2010 0
84
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 37
# o
f (O
o)C
ysts
p
er
100 L
itre
s
Weeks
2010 Seymour Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100 Litres of Raw Water
Cysts Oocysts 2005 - 2009 Cysts Average 2005 - 2009 Oocysts Average
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
# o
f (O
o)C
ysts
p
er
100 L
itre
s
Weeks
2010 Capilano Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100 Litres of Raw Water
Cysts Oocysts 2005 - 2009 Cysts Average 2005 - 2009 Oocysts Average
85
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
# o
f (O
o)C
ysts
p
er
100 L
itre
s
Weeks
2010 Coquitlam Reservoir Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100 Litres of Raw Water
Cysts Oocysts 2005 - 2009 Cysts Average 2005 - 2009 Oocysts Average
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 51 52 52
# o
f (O
o)C
ysts
p
er
100 L
itre
s
Weeks
2010 SCFP - RCW Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts per 100 Litres of RCW
Cysts Oocysts
* In w eeks 51 and 52, tw o w ater samples w ere tested each week
86
ISSN 1480-7777
