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2010 Census:
What is the BIG story?
Alvaro LimaDirector of ResearchBoston Redevelopment Authority
During the last decade Boston’s population
grew
In the last decade, Boston’s population grew by 4.8%…
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
600,000
650,000
700,000
750,000
800,000
850,000
801,444
697,197
641,071
562,994 574,283
589,141
617,594
4.8%
Boston’s Population (1950 – 2010)
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
…and it has also grown more than most other cities in the Northeast
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
600,000
650,000
700,000
750,000
800,000
850,000
…it has grown faster than it did in the last two decades reversing the negative trend of the three decades prior to 1980…
4.8%2.6%2.0%
+9.7% since 1980-29.7% between 1950 and 1980
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Boston’s Population (1950 – 2010)
-13%
-8%
-12%
It didn't just
grow,
it grew younger
35% of our population is between the ages of 20 and 34…
22%
35%24%
19%
Boston's Population by Age - 2010
0-19 years20-34 years35-54 years55 and older
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
We have the highest concentration of young adults (20-34) among the 25 largest cities in the country
City 20 to 34-Year-Olds % of Total Population
Location Quotient
Boston 216,213 35.0% 1.73Austin 251,064 31.8% 1.57Washington DC 188,855 31.4% 1.55Atlanta 127,101 30.3% 1.49Seattle 181,501 29.8% 1.47San Francisco 228,738 28.4% 1.40Chicago 738,578 27.4% 1.35Dallas 314,728 26.3% 1.29Houston 545,071 26.0% 1.28Baltimore 160,024 25.8% 1.27Philadelphia 392,776 25.7% 1.27Los Angeles 953,443 25.1% 1.24New York 2,035,030 24.9% 1.23San Antonio 304,784 23.0% 1.13Phoenix 330,885 22.9% 1.13
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
… not just younger
but smarter
44.3% of Boston’s population has at least a bachelor’s degree…
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
21.1% 24.0%
19.4%20.2%
15.3%14.2%
23.8%
17.7%
24.5%
19.8%
2000 2010 % of 2000 Population % of 2010 Population
Source: 2000 Census Summary File 3, 2010 American Community Survey, US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Educational Attainment (2000 – 2010)
11
…ranking 4th among the 25 largest cities in the country
Source: 2010 American Community Survey, US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Rank City Bachelor's degree
Graduate or professional degree
Bachelor's or higher
1 Seattle, Washington 33.1% 22.9% 56.0%2 San Francisco, California 31.4% 19.5% 50.9%3 Washington, District of Columbia 23.2% 26.9% 50.1%4 Boston, Massachusetts 24.5% 19.8% 44.3%5 Austin, Texas 27.5% 16.1% 43.6%6 Portland, Oregon 26.3% 15.9% 42.2%7 Denver, Colorado 25.4% 15.5% 40.9%8 San Diego, California 24.1% 16.3% 40.4%9 Charlotte, North Carolina 25.9% 12.8% 38.7%
10 San Jose, California 23.2% 13.4% 36.6%11 Nashville-Davidson, Tennessee 20.0% 13.6% 33.6%12 Chicago, Illinois 20.2% 13.2% 33.4%13 New York, New York 19.9% 13.4% 33.3%14 Columbus, Ohio 21.3% 10.4% 31.7%15 Los Angeles, California 20.4% 10.3% 30.7%16 Dallas, Texas 18.5% 10.4% 28.9%17 Houston, Texas 17.4% 11.0% 28.4%18 Louisville-Jefferson, Kentucky 16.4% 11.0% 27.4%19 Indianapolis, Indiana 17.6% 9.0% 26.6%20 Fort Worth, Texas 18.5% 7.5% 26.0%
and the city became more
diverse
Today less than half of Boston’s population is white, compared to close to 70% in 1980…
68%
22%
6%1% 3%
1980
47%
22%
18%
0%
9%2% 2%
2010
59%
24%
11%
5% 1%
1990
49.5%
24%
14%
8% 1% 3%
2000
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Boston’s neighborhoods are more diverse today than they were in 2000
North DorchesterSouth Dorchester
Harbor Islands
Boston
South End
Roslindale
Hyde Park
Jamaica Plain
RoxburyEast Boston
Feneway/ Kenmore
Allston/ Brighton
Central
West Roxbury
Charlestown
Mattapan
South Boston
Back Bay/ Beacon Hill
0.00
0.50
1.00
2010 2000
Source: US Census 2010, BRA Research Division Analysis
Immigrants are a big part of this story…
Historically, Boston has had a greater proportion of foreign-born residents than the Commonwealth and the country…
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
2009
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%Boston
Massachusetts
United States
Foreign-born Population 1850 – 2009 (% of total population)
Boston ranks 6th among the 25 largest cities in the U.S. in proportion of the population that is foreign-born…
Foreign Born Rank % Foreign Born City Population Rank
1 39.1% Los Angeles, CA 22 38.6% San Jose, CA 103 37.2% New York, NY 14 35.5% San Francisco, CA 135 28.7% Houston, TX 46 26.9% Boston, MA 227 26.1% San Diego, CA 88 25.3% Dallas, TX 99 24.6% El Paso, TX 19
10 20.7% Chicago, IL 311 20.0% Phoenix, AZ 612 18.7% Austin, TX 1413 17.2% Seattle, WA 2314 16.9% Fort Worth, TX 1615 14.4% San Antonio, TX 716 14.4% Charlotte, NC 1717 13.5% Washington, DC 2418 11.6% Philadelphia, PA 519 11.0% Columbus, OH 1520 10.9% Nashville, TN 2521 9.4% Jacksonville, FL 1122 9.0% Indianapolis, IN 1223 7.1% Baltimore, MD 2124 6.2% Memphis, TN 2025 4.8% Detroit, MI 18
Source: 2010 Census, BRA Research Division Analysis.
1990 2000 2010 350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
600,000
650,000
461,798
436,742
457,239
573,287
590,490
623,134
Boston’s Population Trends – (1990 – 2010)
Native
Total
Year
Popu
latio
nWithout the influx of immigrants, Boston’s population would be smaller today than it was in 1990…
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Boston’s labor force would be smaller as well as its output
1990 2000 2010 150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
229,843
203,454
302,502 288,076 283,576
403,386
Boston’s Workforce Trends (1990 – 2010)
Native EmployedPolynomial (Native Employed)Total Employed
Year
Popu
latio
n
1990 2000 2010 $-
$10,000,000,000
$20,000,000,000
$30,000,000,000
$40,000,000,000
$50,000,000,000
$60,000,000,000
$70,000,000,000
$80,000,000,000
$90,000,000,000
$100,000,000,000
$21 billion
$29 billion
$67 billion
$26 billion
$38 billion
$87 billion
Boston Output Trends (in 2010 dollar)
NativeTotal
Year
U.S.
Dolla
r
Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 Regional Economic Modeling and Corporate, BRA Research Division Analysis
Immigrants also contribute as consumers and entrepreneurs by creating jobs, wealth and paying taxes
Source: 2010 Regional Economic Modeling and Corporate, US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Consumer Impact– Total Consumer Spending: $3.48 billion– Indirect Jobs: 29,044 jobs– Total Direct Taxes Paid: $940 million
Business Impact– Number of Businesses: 7,988– Total Number of Employees
• Direct Jobs: 20,713 jobs• Indirect Jobs: 24,267 jobs
– Total Annual Sales: $3.78 Billion
Total Impact– Total Gross State Product:
$9.79 billion– State and Federal Taxes:
$1.54 billion– Total Direct & Indirect
Jobs: 74,025
…today most immigrants come from the Caribbean, Latin America and Asia, contributing to Boston’s “majority-minority” status
Trinidad & Tobago
Brazil
Ireland
Colombia
Jamaica
El Salvador
Vietnam
Dominican Republic
China
Haiti
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0%
2.5%
3.1%
3.3%
3.3%
4.2%
4.2%
4.2%
8.3%
8.9%
10.2%
Source: 2010 Census, BRA Research Division Analysis.
Boston’s Top Ten Immigrant Communities
Progress has been made but there are
still barriers to integration
Less than HS High School Some College Associates Degree Bachelors Degree Graduate Degree0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%32.1%
21.9%
12.6%
5.3%
16.8%
11.4%
23.1%
16.8%18.1%
3.8%
24.0%
14.1%
Foreign-Born
Native-Born
32.1% of immigrants have not completed high school compared to 23.1% of native born
Source: 2000 Census Public Use Microdata Sample and 2009 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample BRA Research Division Analysis
Educational Attainment by Nativity – 2010
… a higher proportion of foreign-born residents have limited English proficiency in 2009 than in 2000
Source: 2000 Census Public Use Microdata Sample and 2009 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample BRA Research Division Analysis
91.5%
8.5%
2009
English ProficientLimited English Proficiency
92.3%
7.7%
2000
English ProficientLimited English Proficiency
English Proficiency – 2010
The income gap between foreign and native born grows with level of education
Less than High School
High School Some College Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate Degree $-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
$17,402 $22,198
$30,145
$36,250 $40,284
$62,679
$16,318
$28,149
$32,241
$42,253
$66,867
$94,550
Foreign-BornNative-Born
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Wage Differential By Educational Attainment
These outcomes are the result of barriers that do not allow immigrants to gain the education, learn the language and acquire the skills they need, hampering their integration
Years in the U.S.
Hig
her I
ncom
eLo
wer
Inc
ome
Upward Integration
Downward Integration
Integration depends on the “Opportunity Structure” immigrants encounter:
Work permits
Education & Training
Certification
Language Acquisition
Access to Employment
Fair Labor Practices
etc…
Middle Class
Integration Paths
…and this is the work ahead of us today
Thank you